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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

Standard model CP violation and cold electroweak baryogenesis

Using large-scale real-time lattice simulations, we calculate the baryon asymmetry generated at a fast, cold electroweak symmetry breaking transition. CP-violation is provided by the leading effective bosonic term resulting from integrating out the fermions in the Minimal Standard Model at zero-temperature, and performing a covariant gradient expansion [A. Hernandez, T. Konstandin, and M. G. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. B812, 290 (2009).]. This is an extension of the work presented in [A. Tranberg, A. Hernandez, T. Konstandin, and M. G. Schmidt, Phys. Lett. B 690, 207 (2010).]. The numerical implementation is described in detail, and we address issues specifically related to using this CP-violating term in the context of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Trace anomaly, massless scalars, and the gravitational coupling of QCD

The anomalous effective action describing the coupling of gravity to a non-Abelian gauge theory can be determined by a variational solution of the anomaly equation, as shown by Riegert long ago. It is given by a nonlocal expression, with the nonlocal interaction determined by the Green's function of a conformally covariant operator of fourth order. In recent works it has been shown that this interaction is mediated by a simple pole in an expansion around a Minkowski background, coupled in the infrared in the massless fermion limit. This result relies on the local formulation of the original action in terms of two auxiliary fields, one physical scalar and one ghost, which take the role of massless composite degrees of freedom. In the gravity case, the two scalars have provided ground in favor of some recent proposals of an infrared approach to the solution of the dark energy problem, entirely based on the behavior of the vacuum energy at the QCD phase transition. As a test of this general result, we perform a complete one-loop computation of the effective action describing the coupling of a non-Abelian gauge theory to gravity. We confirm the appearance of an anomaly pole which contributes to the trace part of the TJJ correlator and of extra poles in its trace-free part, in the quark and gluon sectors, describing the coupling of the energy-momentum tensor (T) to two non-Abelian gauge currents (J).

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Dispersive analysis of the new Belle {gamma}{gamma}{yields}{pi}{pi} results with chiral constraints

We present an analysis of the recent high-statistics {gamma}{gamma}{yields}{pi}{pi} data from the Belle collaboration, based on the method of matching dispersive Muskhelishvili-Omnes type equations and chiral expansion formulas, extended beyond the region of {pi}{pi} elastic scattering. Chiral constraints which derive from the knowledge of all of the p{sup 4} and one of the relevant p{sup 6} coupling constants are implemented. Values of the pion dipole as well as quadrupole polarizabilities are deduced.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Massless charged particles tunneling radiation from a RN-dS horizon and the linear and quadratic GUP

Highlights: • Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). • Reissner–Nordstrom de Sitter (RNdS) spacetime. • Massless charged particles. • Tunneling through cosmological horizon. • Tunneling of spin fields. In this paper, we investigate the massless Reissner–Nordstrom de Sitter metric in the context of minimal length scenarios. We prove not only the confinement of the energy density of massless charged particles, both fermions and bosons, but also their ability to tunnel through the cosmological horizon. These massless particles might be interacting with Dirac sea and in this case they will appear outside the cosmological horizon in the context of dS/CFT holography. This result may formulate a fundamental reason for the expansion of the Dirac sea. Therefore, a spacetime Big Crunch may occur.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

QCD sum rule analysis of semileptonic B{sub s1}, B{sub s2}*, B{sub s0}* and B{sub s1}{sup '} decays in heavy quark effective theory

We present an analysis of semileptonic decays of orbitally, P-wave excited B{sub s} meson states B{sub s}**, including the newly found narrow B{sub s1}(5830) and B{sub s2}*(5840) states, into low-lying D{sub s} mesons (D{sub s}(1968), D{sub s}*(2112), D{sub sJ}(2317), D{sub sJ}(2460)) within the framework of the heavy quark effective theory. The relevant universal form factors are estimated using QCD sum rules at the leading order of the heavy quark expansion. The decay widths are predicted and the branching ratios are estimated.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Nonrelativistic conformal field theories in the large charge sector

We study Schrödinger invariant field theories (nonrelativistic conformal field theories) in the large charge (particle number) sector. We do so by constructing the effective field theory (EFT) for a Goldstone boson of the associated U(1) symmetry in a harmonic potential. This EFT can be studied semi-classically in a large charge expansion. We calculate the dimensions of the lowest lying operators, as well as correlation functions of charged operators. We find universal behavior of three point function in large charge sector. We comment on potential applications to fermions at unitarity and critical anyon systems.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Antiferromagnetic, metal-insulator, and superconducting phase transitions in underdoped cuprates: Slave-fermion t-J model in the hopping expansion

We study a system of doped antiferromagnet in three dimensions at finite temperatures using the t-J model, a canonical model of strongly correlated electrons. We employ the slave-fermion representation of electrons, in which an electron is described as a composite of a charged spinless holon and a chargeless spinon. We introduce two kinds of U(1) gauge fields on links as auxiliary fields, one describing resonating valence bonds of antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor spin pairs and the other for nearest-neighbor hopping amplitudes of holons and spinons in the ferromagnetic channel. To perform a numerical study of the system, we integrate out the fermionic holon field by using the hopping expansion in powers of the hopping amplitude, which is legitimate for the region in and near the insulating phase. The resultant effective model is described in terms of bosonic spinons, two U(1) gauge fields, and a collective field for hole pairs. We study this model by means of Monte Carlo simulations, calculating the specific heat, spin correlation functions, and instanton densities. We obtain a phase diagram in the hole concentration-temperature plane, which is in good agreement with that observed recently for clean and homogeneous underdoped samples.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Stability of an attractive bosonic cloud with van der Waals interaction

We investigate the structure and stability of Bose-Einstein condensates of {sup 7}Li atoms with realistic van der Waals interactions by using the potential harmonic expansion method. Besides the known low-density metastable solution with a contact {delta}-function interaction, we find a stable branch at a higher density which corresponds to the formation of an atomic cluster. Comparison with the results of a nonlocal effective interaction is also presented. We analyze the effect of trap size on the transition between the two branches of solutions. We also compute the loss rate of a Bose condensate due to two- and three-body collisions.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

The strong coupling constant: state of the art and the decade ahead

Theoretical predictions for particle production cross sections and decays at colliders rely heavily on perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations, expressed as an expansion in powers of the strong coupling constant α$_{S}$. The current O(1%)uncertainty of the QCD coupling evaluated at the reference Z boson mass, αS(mZ2)=0.1179±0.0009, is one of the limiting factors to more precisely describe multiple processes at current and future colliders. A reduction of this uncertainty is thus a prerequisite to perform precision tests of the Standard Model as well as searches for new physics. This report provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and prospects in the experimental and theoretical study of the strong coupling. The current αS(mZ2)world average is derived from a combination of seven categories of observables: (i) lattice QCD, (ii) hadronic τ decays, (iii) deep-inelastic scattering and parton distribution functions fits, (iv) electroweak boson decays, hadronic final-states in (v) e$^{+}$e$^{−}$, (vi) e–p, and (vii) p–p collisions, and (viii) quarkonia decays and masses. We review the current status of each of these seven αS(mZ2)extraction methods, discuss novel α$_{S}$ determinations, and examine the averaging method used to obtain the world-average value. Each of the methods discussed provides a ‘wish list’ of experimental and theoretical developments required in order to achieve the goal of a per-mille precision on αS(mZ2)within the next decade.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Exact yrast spectra of cold atoms on a ring

We propose a methodology to construct excited states with a fixed angular momentum, namely, ''yrast excited states'' of finite-size one-dimensional bosonic systems with periodic boundary conditions. The excitation energies such as the first yrast excited energy are calculated through the system-size asymptotic expansion and expressed analytically by dressed energy. Interestingly, they are grouped into sets of almost degenerate energy levels. The low-lying excitation spectrum near the yrast state is consistent with the U(1) conformal field theories if the total angular momentum is given by an integral multiple of particle number; i.e., if the system is supercurrent.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Quasiparticle excitations in Bose-Fermi mixtures

We analyze the excitation spectrum of a three-dimensional Bose-Fermi mixture with tunable resonant interaction parameters and high hyperfine spin multiplets. We focus on a three-particle vertex describing fermionic and bosonic atoms which can scatter to create fermionic molecules or disassociate. For a single molecular level, in analogy to the single magnetic impurity problem we argue that the low-lying excitations of the mean-field theory are described by the Fermi-liquid picture with a quasiparticle weight and charge which is justified by a 1/N{sub {psi}}expansion, expected to be exact in the limit of infinite degeneracy (or very high fermionic spin) N{sub {psi}{yields}{infinity}}. Our emphasis is placed on the novel conditions for chemical equilibrium and how many-body chemical reactions renormalize the bosonic chemical potential, modifying condensation and superfluid-insulator transitions.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2010

Ghost-gluon coupling, power corrections, and {Lambda}{sub MS} from twisted-mass lattice QCD at N{sub f}=2

We present results concerning the nonperturbative evaluation of the ghost-gluon running QCD coupling constant from N{sub f}=2 twisted-mass lattice calculations. A novel method for calibrating the lattice spacing, independent of the string tension and hadron spectrum, is presented with results in agreement with previous estimates. The value of {Lambda}{sub MS} is computed from the running of the QCD coupling only after extrapolating to zero dynamical quark mass and after removing a nonperturbative operator-product expansion contribution that is assumed to be dominated by the dimension-two <A{sup 2}> gluon condensate. The effect due to the dynamical quark mass in the determination of {Lambda}{sub MS} is discussed.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Moessbauer and SANS Studies of Anti-Invar Fe-Ni-C Alloy under Magnetic Field

Anti-Invar effect in the f.c.c.-Fe-25.3%Ni-C alloy was revealed, i.e., enhanced thermal expansion coefficient (TEC)({approx}20x10{sup -6} K{sup -1}) which was accompanied by almost temperature-insensitive behavior in a temperature range of 122-525 K that was considerably expanded to the low temperature range due to alloying with carbon. The Moessbauer and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments with the varying temperature and in an external magnetic field of 1.5-5 T have revealed an existence of inhomogeneous magnetic order in anti-Invar alloy below and above the magnetic transition point. The anti-Invar behavior correlates with the thermally induced change in the magnetic order and interspin interaction.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Gradient expansion, curvature perturbations, and magnetized plasmas

The properties of magnetized plasmas are always investigated under the hypothesis that the relativistic inhomogeneities stemming from the fluid sources and from the geometry itself are sufficiently small to allow for a perturbative description prior to photon decoupling. The latter assumption is hereby relaxed and predecoupling plasmas are described within a suitable expansion where the inhomogeneities are treated to a given order in the spatial gradients. It is argued that the (general relativistic) gradient expansion shares the same features of the drift approximation, customarily employed in the description of cold plasmas, so that the two schemes are physically complementary in the large-scale limit and for the low-frequency branch of the spectrum of plasma modes. The two-fluid description, as well as the magnetohydrodynamical reduction, is derived and studied in the presence of the spatial gradients of the geometry. Various solutions of the coupled system of evolution equations in the anti-Newtonian regime and in the quasi-isotropic approximation are presented. The relation of this analysis to the so-called separate universe paradigm is outlined. The evolution of the magnetized curvature perturbations in the nonlinear regime is addressed for the magnetized adiabatic mode in the plasma frame.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Combined large-N{sub c} and heavy-quark operator analysis of two-body meson-baryon counterterms in the chiral Lagrangian with charmed mesons

The chiral SU(3) Lagrangian with pseudoscalar and vector D mesons and with the octet and decuplet baryons is considered. The leading two-body counter terms involving two baryon fields and two D meson fields are constructed in the open-charm sector. There are 26 terms. A combined expansion in the inverse of the charm quark mass and in the inverse of the number of colors provides sum rules that reduce the number of free parameters down to 5 only. Our result shows the feasibility of a systematic computation of the open-charm baryon spectrum based on coupled-channel dynamics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2010

Bose-Einstein condensate near a surface: Quantum field theory of the Casimir-Polder interaction

We derive an expression for the collective Casimir-Polder interaction of a trapped gas of condensed bosons with a plane surface through coupling of the condensate atoms with the electromagnetic field. A systematic perturbation theory is developed based on a diagrammatic expansion of the electromagnetic self-energy. In the leading order, the result for the interaction energy is proportional to the number of atoms and involves the one-body density matrix of the trapped gas. At this order, atom-atom interactions and recoil effects lead to corrections compared to the single-atom theory, through shifts of the atomic transition energies. We also discuss the impact of spatial delocalization of the condensate mode.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2025

MATHUSLA: An External Long-Lived Particle Detector to Maximize the Discovery Potential of the HL-LHC

We present the current status of the MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles) long-lived particle (LLP) detector at the HL-LHC, covering the design, fabrication and installation at CERN Point 5. MATHUSLA40 is a 40 m-scale detector with an air-filled decay volume that is instrumented with scintillator tracking detectors, to be located near CMS. Its large size, close proximity to the CMS interaction point and about 100 m of rock shielding from LHC backgrounds allows it to detect LLP production rates and lifetimes that are one to two orders of magnitude beyond the ultimate reach of the LHC main detectors. This provides unique sensitivity to many LLP signals that are highly theoretically motivated, due to their connection to the hierarchy problem, the nature of dark matter, and baryogenesis. Data taking is projected to commence with the start of HL-LHC operations. We summarize the new 40m design for the detector that was recently presented in the MATHUSLA Conceptual Design Report, alongside new realistic background and signal simulations that demonstrate high efficiency for the main target LLP signals in a background-free HL-LHC search. We argue that MATHUSLA's uniquely robust expansion of the HL-LHC physics reach is a crucial ingredient in CERN's mission to search for new physics and characterize the Higgs boson with precision.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Spectral properties of four-time fermionic Green's functions

The spectral relations for the four-time fermionic Green's functions are derived in the most general case. The terms which correspond to the zero-frequency anomalies, known before only for the bosonic Green's functions, are separated and their connection with the second cumulants of the Boltzmann distribution function is elucidated. Furthermore, the high-frequency expansions of the four-time fermionic Green's functions are provided for different directions in the frequency space.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗