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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Adsorption Studies of PVA Based Thermosensitive Polymers in Heavy Metal Removal

Thermosensitive copolymers were synthesized by grafting of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) monomer onto crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and characterized by FTIR, XRD, elemental and SEM-EDS analysis. Also, the swelling capacities, water release values and cloud points of the copolymers were determined. The removal of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) ions was studied by using of the copolymers as solid phase extractor. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) was the extractant to complex with ions in the process. The copolymer adsorbs the metal–extractant complexes above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) by hydrophobic interaction. Increasing the time and initial metal ion concentration caused an increase in the adsorption capacities, and the copolymer displayed S-type adsorption in Giles’s classification. The experimental data followed pseudo-second-order model, and the dominated adsorption mechanism was external mass diffusion. In addition, adsorption/desorption cycles presented the usability of the synthesized copolymer as sorbent for environmentally friendly processes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Modeling and Computation of Casting Process by Particle Method

Since particle-based computational methods, such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, are suitable to treat free surfaces and moving boundaries, it is expected that the simulation with particle methods can represent more accurate molten metal flow. Hence, we apply the SPH method to some casting processes and validate the numerical results by comparing with experiments. While fluid behaviors of the transportation and the mold filling processes are expressed sufficiently, ladle pouring process of aluminum alloy is not reproduced by the existing scheme. So we developed a new numerical model of surface oxide film, and our numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Role of IκB kinase β in regulating the remodeling of the CARMA1-Bcl10-MALT1 complex

Highlights: • IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion. • IKKβ is required for initial formation and the regulation of the CBM complex. • IKKβ regulates CBM complex via phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. The current work investigates the notion that inducible clustering of signaling mediators of the IKK pathway is important for platelet activation. Thus, while the CARMA1, Bcl10, and MALT1 (CBM) complex is essential for triggering IKK/NF-κB activation upon platelet stimulation, the signals that elicit its formation and downstream effector activation remain elusive. We demonstrate herein that IKKβ is involved in membrane fusion, and serves as a critical protein kinase required for initial formation and the regulation of the CARMA1/MALT1/Bcl10/CBM complex in platelets. We also show that IKKβ regulates these processes via modulation of phosphorylation of Bcl10 and IKKγ polyubiquitination. Collectively, our data demonstrate that IKKβ regulates membrane fusion and the remodeling of the CBM complex formation.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

LncRNA SNHG20 knockdown suppresses the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by miR-139/RUNX2 axis

Highlights: • SNHG20 was up-regulated in osteosarcoma samples and its high-expression indicated the poor prognosis. • SNHG20 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. • SNHG20 knockdown up-regulated the expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax. • miR-139 both targeted with the 3′-UTR of RUNX2 and SNHG20. • SNHG20/miR-139/RUNX2 axis modulates the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptosis. Increasing evidence has indicated the important roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. In present study, we aim to investigate the roles of lncRNA SNHG20 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 20) in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and explore the in-depth molecular mechanism. Results showed that lncRNA SNHG20 expression was up-regulated in osteosarcoma samples and its high-expression indicated the poor prognosis. Loss-of-functional experiments indicated that SNHG20 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Specifically, SNHG20 knockdown up-regulated the expression levels of caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax, indicating that SNHG20 knockdown accelerated the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-139 both targeted with the 3′-UTR of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and SNHG20, which was verified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). In conclusion, our data reveals that lncRNA SNHG20/miR-139/RUNX2 axis modulates the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, providing a novel insight for the pathophysiological process.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Luminescent microporous metal–organic framework with functional Lewis basic sites on the pore surface: Quantifiable evaluation of luminescent sensing mechanisms towards Fe{sup 3+}

A systematic study has been conducted on a novel luminescent metal-organic framework, ([Zn(bpyp)(L-OH)]·DMF·2H{sub 2}O){sub n} (1), to explore its sensing mechanisms to Fe{sup 3+}. Structure analyses show that compound 1 exist pyridine N atoms and -OH groups on the pore surface for specific sensing of metal ions via Lewis acid-base interactions. On this consideration, the quenching mechanisms are studied and the processes are controlled by multiple mechanisms in which dynamic and static mechanisms are calculated, achieving the quantification evaluation of the quenching process. This work not only achieves the quantitative evaluation of the luminescence quenching but also provides certain insights into the quenching process, and the possible mechanisms explored in this work may inspire future research and design of target luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) with specific functions. - Graphical abstract: A systematic study has been conducted on a novel luminescent metal-organic framework to explore its sensing mechanisms to Fe{sup 3+}. The quenching mechanisms are studied and the processes are controlled by multiple mechanisms in which dynamic and static mechanisms are calculated, achieving the quantification evaluation of the quenching process. - Highlights: • A novel porous luminescent MOF containing uncoordinated groups in interlayer channels was successfully synthesized. • The compound 1 can exhibit significant luminescent sensitivity to Fe{sup 3+}, which make its good candidate as luminescent sensor. • The corresponding dynamic and static quenching constants are calculated, achieving the quantification evaluation of the quenching process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Musashi2 modulates K562 leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis involving the MAPK pathway

The RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2) has been identified as a master regulator within a variety of stem cell populations via the regulation of translational gene expression. A recent study has suggested that Msi2 is strongly expressed in leukemic cells of acute myeloid leukemia patients, and elevated Msi2 is associated with poor prognosis. However, the potential role of Msi2 in leukemogenesis is still not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of Msi2 knockdown on the biological properties of leukemic cells. High expression of Msi2 was found in K562 and KG-1a leukemic cell lines, and low expression was observed in the U937 cell line. We transduced K562 cells with two independent adenoviral shRNA vectors targeting Msi2 and confirmed knockdown of Msi2 at the mRNA and protein levels. Msi2 silencing inhibited cell growth and caused cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of p21 and decreasing the expression of cyclin D1 and cdk2. In addition, knockdown of Msi2 promoted cellular apoptosis via the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, Msi2 knockdown resulted in the inactivation of the ERK/MAPK and p38/MAPK pathways, but no remarkable change in p-AKT was observed. These data provide evidence that Msi2 plays an important role in leukemogenesis involving the MAPK signaling pathway, which indicates that Msi2 may be a novel target for leukemia treatment. - Highlights: • Knockdown of Msi2 inhibited K562 cell growth and arrested cell cycle progression. • Knockdown of Msi2 induced K562 cell apoptosis via the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2. • The MAPK pathway was involved in the process of Msi2-mediated leukemogenesis. • Our data indicate that Msi2 is a potential new target for leukemia treatment.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Correlative montage parallel array cryo-tomography for in situ structural cell biology

Abstract Imaging large fields of view while preserving high-resolution structural information remains a challenge in low-dose cryo-electron tomography. Here we present robust tools for montage parallel array cryo-tomography (MPACT) tailored for vitrified specimens. The combination of correlative cryo-fluorescence microscopy, focused-ion-beam milling, substrate micropatterning, and MPACT supports studies that contextually define the three-dimensional architecture of cells. To further extend the flexibility of MPACT, tilt series may be processed in their entirety or as individual tiles suitable for sub-tomogram averaging, enabling efficient data processing and analysis.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Study of dielectric relaxation process in nanocomposite of Li{sub 2}O−SiO{sub 2} nanoglass-CuO nanoparticles

Dielectric behaviour of a nanocomposite consisting of 23Li{sub 2}O⋅77SiO{sub 2} nanoglass within the pores of compacted CuO nanoparticles was studied. Real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity of the material were measured over the temperature range 313 to 363 K. The results indicated a relaxation behaviour. The data were explained by a space charge polarization model developed in the case of a laminar conductor. The activation energy of the relaxation process was in close agreement with that of lithium ion conduction in the nanoglass.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Three-dimensional representation of late-arriving photons for detecting inhomogeneities in diffuse optical tomography

A method for rapid detection of absorbing inhomogeneity in a strongly scattering medium having the properties of a biological tissue before the image reconstruction is described based on the principles of diffuse optical tomography. The method is based on preliminary processing of a three-dimensional surface obtained from the set of time-resolved data in the Cartesian coordinate system, followed by its conformal transformation into two surfaces in the cylindrical coordinate system. A specific feature of the method is the use of late-arriving photons, scattered and diffusely transmitted through an optically turbid object. (optical tomography)

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2018

Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling of the Interaction Between Carbon Fiber Composite Prepregs During a Preforming Process

We report carbon fiber reinforced composites have received growing attention because of their superior performance and high potential for lightweight systems. An economic method to manufacture the parts made of these composites is a sequence of forming followed by a compression molding. The first step in this sequence is called preforming that forms the prepreg, which is the fabric impregnated with the uncured resin, to the product geometry, while the molding process cures the resin. Slip between different prepreg layers is observed in the preforming step, and it is believed to have a non-negligible impact on the resulting geometry. This paper reports a method to characterize the interaction between different prepreg layers, which should be valuable for future predictive modeling and design optimization. An experimental device was built to evaluate the interactions with respect to various industrial production conditions. The experimental results were analyzed for an in-depth understanding about how temperature, relative sliding speed, and fiber orientation affect the tangential interaction between two prepreg layers. Moreover, a hydro-lubricant model was introduced to study the relative motion mechanism of this fabric-resin-fabric system, and the results agreed well with the experiment data. Lastly, the interaction factors obtained from this research will be implemented in a preforming process finite element simulation model.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Response to Comment on "Crystal structures of translocator protein (TSPO) and mutant mimic of a human polymorphism"

Wang comments that the diffraction data for the structure of the A139T mutant of translocator protein TSPO from Rhodobacter sphaeroides should be used to 1.65 instead of 1.8 angstroms and that the density interpreted as porphyrin and monoolein is better fitted as polyethylene glycol. Although different practices of data processing exist, in this case they do not substantially influence the final map. Additional data are presented supporting the fit of a porphyrin and monooleins.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Stomatal response curves of hybrid poplar, New York, USA, 2020

This data package contains stomatal response to assimilation (m) curves of sunlit canopy leaves of species Populus deltoides Bartr. x Populus nigra L. (hybrid poplar). The trees were grown in pots at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY, USA, and measurements made using a Licor 6800 portable photosynthesis system. Leaf mass per area (LMA) is included for each measured leaf. The files included in this data package are 2 processed data files (csv) and 6 metadata files (csv), a methods protocol description (pdf) and the complete instrument output (32 xlsx files). File level metadata details are provided in NGT0169.csv in this package.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2014

Qualification of Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3 Data for Severe Accident Evaluations - Process and Illustrative Examples from Prior TMI-2 Evaluations

The accidents at the Three Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and the Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3 Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) provide unique opportunities to evaluate instrumentation exposed to severe accident conditions. Conditions associated with the release of coolant and the hydrogen burn that occurred during the TMI-2 accident exposed instrumentation to harsh conditions, including direct radiation, radioactive contamination, and high humidity with elevated temperatures and pressures. As part of a program initiated in 2012 by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE), a review was completed to gain insights from prior TMI-2 sensor survivability and data qualification efforts. This initial review focused on the set of sensors deemed most important by post-TMI-2 instrumentation evaluation programs. Instrumentation evaluation programs focused on data required by TMI-2 operators to assess the condition of the reactor and containment and the effect of mitigating actions taken by these operators. In addition, prior efforts focused on sensors providing data required for subsequent forensic evaluations and accident simulations. To encourage the potential for similar activities to be completed for qualifying data from Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3, this report provides additional details related to the formal process used to develop a qualified TMI-2 data base and presents data qualification details for three parameters: primary system pressure; containment building temperature; and containment pressure. As described within this report, sensor evaluations and data qualification required implementation of various processes, including comparisons with data from other sensors, analytical calculations, laboratory testing, and comparisons with sensors subjected to similar conditions in large-scale integral tests and with sensors that were similar in design to instruments easily removed from the TMI-2 plant for evaluations. As documented in this report, results from qualifying data for these parameters led to key insights related to TMI-2 accident progression. Hence, these selected examples illustrate the types of activities completed in the TMI-2 data qualification process and the importance of such a qualification effort. These details are documented in this report to facilitate implementation of similar process using data and examinations at the Daiichi Units 1, 2, and 3 reactors so that BWR-specific benefits can be obtained.

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Doppler Lidar Wind Value-Added Product

Wind speed and direction, together with pressure, temperature, and relative humidity, are the most fundamental atmospheric state parameters. Accurate measurement of these parameters is crucial for numerical weather prediction. Vertically resolved wind measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer are particularly important for modeling pollutant and aerosol transport. Raw data from a scanning coherent Doppler lidar system can be processed to generate accurate height-resolved measurements of wind speed and direction in the atmospheric boundary layer.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Groundwater Potability Determination Report for Sylvan Grove, Kansas

The Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a grain storage facility from 1954 to 1966 at the northeastern edge of Sylvan Grove, Kansas (Figures 1.1 and 1.2). During this time, commercial grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use to preserve grain in storage. The CCC/USDA is in the process of preparing a Corrective Action Study (CAS) to address carbon tetrachloride contamination in groundwater on the portion of the site that it formerly leased and operated. As stated in the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) Bureau of Environmental Remediation (BER) policy BER-RS-045 (KDHE 2016), Considerations for Groundwater Potability and Use Determinations (hereafter referred to as “Potability Determination Guidance”), the KDHE considers all groundwater to be a potential source of potable water. This report, however, substantiates that groundwater resources in the Cretaceous Dakota Formation—more specifically, that localized portions of water bearing strata affected by operations at the former CCC/USDA site—are non-potable. The purpose of this report, therefore, is to provide additional information to support the KDHE’s decision-making process with regard to the disposition and closure of the Sylvan Grove site. Per the Potability Determination Guidance the results of this potability evaluation will play a role in selecting the site remedial action objectives and the overall proposed path for long-term management. This report presents the data and analyses of the potability study and the results of the potability determination, which will be taken into consideration during the development of cleanup goals for the CAS or for any other future remedial or long-term management action agreed to by the CCC/USDA and KDHE. The Potability Determination Guidance provides a framework to evaluate groundwater potability by outlining: The set of threshold criteria under which KDHE will consider an aquifer to be non-potable; The data and information necessary to evaluate potability; and, Considerations for long-term management of aquifers that are deemed non potable. According to the guidance, the KDHE may determine that groundwater is non-potable due to natural conditions such as water quality or quantity characteristics. As suggested in the guidance, this report will discuss the initial potability threshold screening for entering the evaluation process (Section 2); justify the work plan that was covered by the site investigation planning (also in Section 2); and present the relevant data and evaluation results (Sections 3-6).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

xsacrcfrspccopol (a1)

ARM's scanning cloud radars are fully coherent dual-frequency, dual-polarization Doppler radars mounted on a common scanning pedestal. Each pedestal includes a Ka-band radar (2kW peak power) and the deployment location determines whether the second radar is a W-band (WSACR; 1.7 kW peak power) or X-band (XSACR; 20 kW peak power). At ARM's tropical sites, X-band radars are paired with the Ka-band because they are better suited for the atmospheric attenuation in this region. Beamwidth for the X-band is approximately 1 degree, and the Ka-band beamwidth is roughly 0.3 degrees. Due to the narrow antenna beamwidth, ARM’s scanning cloud radars use scanning strategies unlike typical weather radars. Rather than focusing on plan position indicator, or PPI, scans, the XSACR uses range height indicator, or RHI, scans at numerous azimuths to obtain cloud volume data. For the second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2), the XSACR can be dismounted from the pedestal it shares with the KASACR and mounted on a separate pedestal. This allows the XSACR to operate more like a weather (precipitation) radar in deployments where such local coverage is lacking. Measurements collected with the XSACR are copolar and cross-polar radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectra width and spectra when not scanning, differential Reflectivity (Zdr), correlation coefficient (rho-hv), and specific differential phase (phi-dp). XSACR data from the 2018–2019 Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign in Argentina are now available as b1-level products. Building on the original CACTI operational data, the b1-level products feature improved data quality resulting from extensive analyses and corrections. The data are cross-calibrated to a common point, datastreams are corrected for operational issues that occurred during the campaign, and several data quality masks and basic derived products are incorporated. For more information, read the CACTI radar b1-level processing report.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

xsacrcfrspcxpol (a1)

ARM's scanning cloud radars are fully coherent dual-frequency, dual-polarization Doppler radars mounted on a common scanning pedestal. Each pedestal includes a Ka-band radar (2kW peak power) and the deployment location determines whether the second radar is a W-band (WSACR; 1.7 kW peak power) or X-band (XSACR; 20 kW peak power). At ARM's tropical sites, X-band radars are paired with the Ka-band because they are better suited for the atmospheric attenuation in this region. Beamwidth for the X-band is approximately 1 degree, and the Ka-band beamwidth is roughly 0.3 degrees. Due to the narrow antenna beamwidth, ARM’s scanning cloud radars use scanning strategies unlike typical weather radars. Rather than focusing on plan position indicator, or PPI, scans, the XSACR uses range height indicator, or RHI, scans at numerous azimuths to obtain cloud volume data. For the second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2), the XSACR can be dismounted from the pedestal it shares with the KASACR and mounted on a separate pedestal. This allows the XSACR to operate more like a weather (precipitation) radar in deployments where such local coverage is lacking. Measurements collected with the XSACR are copolar and cross-polar radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectra width and spectra when not scanning, differential Reflectivity (Zdr), correlation coefficient (rho-hv), and specific differential phase (phi-dp). XSACR data from the 2018–2019 Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign in Argentina are now available as b1-level products. Building on the original CACTI operational data, the b1-level products feature improved data quality resulting from extensive analyses and corrections. The data are cross-calibrated to a common point, datastreams are corrected for operational issues that occurred during the campaign, and several data quality masks and basic derived products are incorporated. For more information, read the CACTI radar b1-level processing report.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

xsacrcfrspccross (a1)

ARM's scanning cloud radars are fully coherent dual-frequency, dual-polarization Doppler radars mounted on a common scanning pedestal. Each pedestal includes a Ka-band radar (2kW peak power) and the deployment location determines whether the second radar is a W-band (WSACR; 1.7 kW peak power) or X-band (XSACR; 20 kW peak power). At ARM's tropical sites, X-band radars are paired with the Ka-band because they are better suited for the atmospheric attenuation in this region. Beamwidth for the X-band is approximately 1 degree, and the Ka-band beamwidth is roughly 0.3 degrees. Due to the narrow antenna beamwidth, ARM’s scanning cloud radars use scanning strategies unlike typical weather radars. Rather than focusing on plan position indicator, or PPI, scans, the XSACR uses range height indicator, or RHI, scans at numerous azimuths to obtain cloud volume data. For the second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2), the XSACR can be dismounted from the pedestal it shares with the KASACR and mounted on a separate pedestal. This allows the XSACR to operate more like a weather (precipitation) radar in deployments where such local coverage is lacking. Measurements collected with the XSACR are copolar and cross-polar radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectra width and spectra when not scanning, differential Reflectivity (Zdr), correlation coefficient (rho-hv), and specific differential phase (phi-dp). XSACR data from the 2018–2019 Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions (CACTI) field campaign in Argentina are now available as b1-level products. Building on the original CACTI operational data, the b1-level products feature improved data quality resulting from extensive analyses and corrections. The data are cross-calibrated to a common point, datastreams are corrected for operational issues that occurred during the campaign, and several data quality masks and basic derived products are incorporated. For more information, read the CACTI radar b1-level processing report.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗