Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “content”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,603 records · Page 89
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Determining P, S, Br, and I content in uranium by triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The trace impurities of a uranium ore concentrate (UOC) can be examined to determine mine source, methods of production, and quality. This study presents a method to determine the concentration of halides and main group elements, specifically P, S, Br and I, utilizing triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. These analytes were measured in a uranium matrix to simulate a UOC sample. The concentrations determined with this method showed agreement with known values. Solutions with and without uranium were compared. A UOC certified reference material, CUP-2, was analyzed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2012

Versatile and Biomass Synthesis of Iron-based Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Matrix with High Iron Content and Tunable Reactivity

Iron-based nanoparticles supported on carbon (FeNPs{at}C) have enormous potential for environmental applications. Reported is a biomass-based method for FeNP{at}C synthesis that involves pyrolysis of bleached wood fiber pre-mixed with Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. This method allows synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles with tunable chemical reactivity by changing the pyrolysis temperature. The FeNP{at}C synthesized at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 C (FeNP{at}C-500) reacts violently (pyrophoric) when exposed to air, while FeNP{at}C prepared at 800 C (FeNP{at}C-800) remains stable in ambient condition for at least 3 months. The FeNPs in FeNP{at}C-800 are mostly below 50 nm in diameter and are surrounded by carbon. The immediate carbon layer (within 5-15 nm radius) on the FeNPs is graphitized. Proof-of-concept environmental applications of FeNPs{at}C-800 were demonstrated by Rhodamine 6G and arsenate (V) removal from water. This biomass-based method provides an effective way for iron-based nanoparticle fabrication and biomass utilization.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2026

QTL Mapping of Seed Fatty Acid Contents in Camelina sativa Under Heat Stress

Heat stress alters oil quality in oilseed crops, yet its genetic underpinnings in Camelina sativa remain unclear. This study investigated the genetic basis of heat-induced changes in seed fatty acids using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two camelina varieties, Suneson and Pryzeth. Exposure to high temperature during reproductive growth led to increased proportions of saturated (C16:0, C18:0) and monounsaturated (C18:1) fatty acids, whereas polyunsaturated C18:3, total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and the PUFA/MUFA ratio were decreased, suggesting an inhibition of the C18:1 → C18:2 → C18:3 desaturation pathway. A high-density linkage map (4981 bins across 20 chromosomes) was built, and 25 QTLs for fatty acids were detected, with hotspots on chromosomes 1, 9, 12, 13, 16, and 20. A major QTL on chromosome 1 (~ 80 cM) explained the largest variance component for PUFA/MUFA under heat. Three desaturase genes (FAD2, FAD7, FAD8) were located within key QTL intervals, nominating them as candidates for modulating unsaturation under elevated temperature. These results provide a genetic basis for fine mapping and functional validation, supporting future molecular and breeding efforts to stabilize oil quality under warming conditions.

Camelina↗
DOE OSTI2018

Attenuation of Neutron and Gamma Radiation by a Composite Material Based on Modified Titanium Hydride with a Varied Boron Content

The investigations on estimating the attenuation of capture gamma radiation by a composite neutron-shielding material based on modified titanium hydride and Portland cement with a varied amount of boron carbide are performed. The results of calculations demonstrate that an introduction of boron into this material enables significantly decreasing the thermal neutron flux density and hence the levels of capture gamma radiation. In particular, after introducing 1- 5 wt.% boron carbide into the material, the thermal neutron flux density on a 10 cm-thick layer is reduced by 11 to 176 factors, and the capture gamma dose rate – from 4 to 9 times, respectively. The difference in the degree of reduction in these functionals is attributed to the presence of capture gamma radiation in the epithermal region of the neutron spectrum.

61 RADIATION PROTECTION AND DOSIMETRY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Correlation of Oxygen and Aluminum Contents of Molten Titanium-Aluminum Alloys in Alumina and Calcia Crucibles

As a key part of investigating a new proposed Ti-alloy production process, Ti-Al alloys were produced by aluminothermic reduction experiments at 1973 K in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} crucibles. Besides, pure Ti and Al were melted inside CaO crucibles at 1973 K to investigate the possibility of melt refining in equilibrium with CaO. The experiments were carried out in a vacuum induction furnace under argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were proved by thermodynamic evaluations including also literature data. The correlation of oxygen and aluminum in Ti melt with 11 to 23 wt pct Al in contact with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} was assessed as 3ln X{sub O}=− 2ln X{sub Al}−9.1±0.4. This correlation in Ti melt with 3 to 10 wt pct Al in contact with CaO was 3ln X{sub O}=− 2ln X{sub Al}−14.9±0.3. Partial molar excess Gibbs free energies of mixing and combinations thereof in Ti-rich Ti-Al-O-Ca melt were assessed as RTln (γ{sub Al}{sup 2}⋅γ{sub O}{sup 3})=−894±6 (kJ/mol), RTln(γ{sub Ca}⋅γ{sub O})=−195±4 (kJ/mol), RTln γ{sub O}=−258±6 (kJ/mol), RTln γ{sub Ca}=62±7 (kJ/mol). The activity of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in CaO-saturated slag was assessed as 0.003 ± 0.001. The changes of Gibbs free energy for the dissolution of 1 wt pct oxygen and 1 wt pct calcium in Ti-Al melt were estimated as −630 ± 6 and −11 ± 7 (kJ/mol), respectively. A model was developed and applied to calculate the basic data for refining Ti-Al alloy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Correction to: Investigation of Effects of SiO{sub 2} Content and Cooling Rate on Crystallization in Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}-CaO-SiO{sub 2} System Using In Situ Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

In multiple places in the text FeO{sub 3} should be replaced by Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The following acknowledgments were missed: Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20172010106300).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Control of Carbon Content in Steel by Introducing Proeutectoid Ferrite Transformation into Hot-Rolled Q&P Process

A processing strategy involving primary and secondary carbon partitioning is proposed for the hot-rolled quenching and partitioning process through the introduction of proeutectoid ferrite transformation after rolling. The microstructures of the steels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and x-ray diffraction, and the mechanical properties were evaluated using a universal tensile machine. The blocky retained austenite that distributed along the ferrite grain boundaries was promoted based on the coupling action of the primary and secondary carbon partitioning, which enhanced the transformation-induced plasticity effect during deformation despite the high carbon concentration. A ferrite formation temperature range of ~ 760 to 800 °C was proposed. In addition, from the perspective of industrialization, the observed ‘plateau trends’ for the retained austenite fraction and product of strength and elongation suggest the availability of a wide processing window of 215-362 °C for controlling the coiling temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Different Zirconium Contents on the Corrosion Resistance of ZrO{sub 2}-TiO{sub 2} Film-Coated Stainless Steel

This work discusses the corrosion resistance of x%zirconia (ZrO{sub 2})–x%titania (TiO{sub 2}) nanocomposite films with different percentages of ZrO{sub 2} prepared on stainless steel by dipping the substrates in sol–gel solutions. The phase compositions and microstructures of the films were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coated steel substrates during immersion in a 5% NaCl solution at room temperature. The results showed that when the percentage of ZrO{sub 2} in the sol–gel was relatively low, the film contained cracks, leading to a poor corrosion resistance. When the percentage of ZrO{sub 2} was higher, the corrosion resistance of the film was also affected by the sintering temperature; a sintering temperature of 650 °C gave the best protection of the metal surface, and the protection efficiency was 95%.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

On the Hot Deformation Behavior of a Ni-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel Interstitially Alloyed with Low Nitrogen Content

Hot deformation behavior of a Ni-free, Fe-17Cr-12Mn-0.28N-0.06C (wt.%) austenitic stainless steel, hereinafter coded as FeCrMnN, was investigated using hot compression tests conducted under different deformation conditions comprising temperature and strain rate ranges of 800-1200 °C and 0.01-10 s{sup −1}, respectively. While the hot deformation at high strain rate and low temperatures (e.g., 10 s{sup −1} and 800 or 900 °C) showed essentially dynamic recovery, resulting in a pancake-shaped microstructure, most of the other conditions exhibited occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate showed a decrease in the critical stress and strain for initiating DRX. In general, DRX resulted in extensive microstructural reconstitution and grain refinement. For instance, hot deformation at 1000 °C/0.01 s{sup −1} resulted in a fully recrystallized fine-grained microstructure with an average grain size of about 15 μm in comparison with the initial grain size of 60 µm. Increasing the temperature enhanced grain growth, but an increase in strain rate resulted in a finer grain structure. The amount of delta ferrite in the present steel varied under different conditions of deformation such that the lowest amount of delta ferrite (about 4.5%) was observed at 1000 °C. The activation energy of deformation (Q{sub def}) for the present FeCrMnN steel with the initial grain size of 60 µm was estimated to be about 502 kJ/mol, which is higher than that of the conventional austenitic stainless steels.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Structure and Properties of Epoxy/Fly Ash System: Influence of Filler Content and Surface Modification

Epoxy resin composites filled with pristine and organomodified fly ash were prepared and examined. The fly ash used is CaO-rich due to the origin of lignite from the northern Greece area and the power plants in Kozani. As matrix, the epoxy system with curing agent triethylenetetramine was used. A combination of mechanical stirring and ultrasonication was used for highly dispersed fly ash composites. SEM, FTIR spectroscopy and XRD measurements were used to study dispersion homogeneity, structure, degree of aggregation/agglomeration and interface formation of the matrix with the fly ash particles. The properties E′, E″ and relaxations α-(T{sub g}) and β-(Τ{sub β}) of the composites were assessed by DMA. Also, DSC and TGA measurements were used to characterize the thermal properties. Interesting results concerning the effect of the surface organomodification of fly ash on the network formation and the thermomechanical properties of the composites were derived. XRD and FTIR measurements reveal that the functional groups present on the surface of fly ash particles play a dominated role to interface formation. DMA results show that the fly ash surface modification affects the thermodynamic properties of the composites. Additionally, there is evidence showing that the short-scale β-relaxation is also affected by the fly ash surface organomodification.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Optimizing the TiO{sub 2} Content to Obtain the Highest Corrosion Resistance in Ir-Ru-Ta-Based Mixed Metal Oxide Coating in Oxygen Evolution Reaction Application

In this article, the role of TiO{sub 2} on deactivation and corrosion mechanism of a MMO coating was assessed in 1 M Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} solution. The Ti/40IrO{sub 2} + 30RuO{sub 2} + (30 − x)Ta{sub 2}O{sub 5} + (x)TiO{sub 2} anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method. Surface morphology and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical properties and corrosion behavior of these coatings were performed by accelerated lifetime test, investigation of active surface area (q*) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the uniform dissolution of the active surface layers was the main reason behind the anode deactivation. Furthermore, addition of titanium oxide up to 15% to the above-mentioned composition improved the performance of the anode and increased its working life up to 200 h.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗