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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,603 records · Page 89
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism study of epitaxial MnAs film on GaAs(001)

The room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior of MnAs/GaAs(001) thin film has been locally explored by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). We first differentiated hexagonal α-MnAs and quasi-hexagonal β-MnAs which are very similar in atomic structure by electron diffraction. Local magnetic moment information of the identified α-MnAs was extracted from manganese-L{sub 2,3} edges using Energy-loss Magnetic Circular Dichroism technique and the ratio of orbital to spin magnetic moment was measured. In this experiment, atomic structure identification, chemical analysis, and magnetic moment measurement were simultaneously achieved at high spatial resolution in TEM, thus providing a potential method for in-situ study of local properties of multiphase magnetic materials.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

The spin and orbital contributions to the total magnetic moments of free Fe, Co, and Ni clusters

We present size dependent spin and orbital magnetic moments of cobalt (Co{sub n}{sup +}, 8 ≤ n ≤ 22), iron (Fe{sub n}{sup +}, 7 ≤ n ≤ 17), and nickel cluster (Ni{sub n}{sup +}, 7 ≤ n ≤ 17) cations as obtained by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy of isolated clusters in the gas phase. The spin and orbital magnetic moments range between the corresponding atomic and bulk values in all three cases. We compare our findings to previous XMCD data, Stern-Gerlach data, and computational results. We discuss the application of scaling laws to the size dependent evolution of the spin and orbital magnetic moments per atom in the clusters. We find a spin scaling law “per cluster diameter,” ∼n{sup −1/3}, that interpolates between known atomic and bulk values. In remarkable contrast, the orbital moments do likewise only if the atomic asymptote is exempt. A concept of “primary” and “secondary” (induced) orbital moments is invoked for interpretation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Study on effect of geometrical configuration of radioactive source material to the radiation intensity of betavoltaic nuclear battery

Nuclear batteries have strategic applications and very high economic potential. One Important problem in application of nuclear betavoltaic battery is its low efficiency. Current efficiency of betavoltaic nuclear battery reaches only arround 2%. One aspect that can influence the efficiency of betavoltaic nuclear battery is the geometrical configuration of radioactive source. In this study we discuss the effect of geometrical configuration of radioactive source material to the radiation intensity in betavoltaic nuclear battery system. received by the detector. By obtaining the optimum configurations, the optimum usage of radioactive materials can be determined. Various geometrical configurations of radioactive source material are simulated. It is obtained that usage of radioactive source will be optimum for circular configuration.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetism and electronic structure of YTiO{sub 3} thin films

High-quality (001)-oriented (pseudo-cubic notation) ferromagnetic YTiO{sub 3} thin films were epitaxially synthesized in a layer-by-layer way by pulsed laser deposition. Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties were characterized by reflection-high-energy-electron-diffraction, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and element-resolved resonant soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy. To reveal ferromagnetism of the constituent titanium ions, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy was carried out using four detection modes probing complementary spatial scale, which overcomes a challenge of probing ferromagnetic titanium with pure Ti{sup 3+}(3d{sup 1}). Our work provides a pathway to distinguish between the roles of titanium and A-site magnetic rare-earth cations in determining the magnetism in rare-earth titanates thin films and heterostructures.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy in Fe|MgO tunnel junctions studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy

In this study, voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) in Fe|MgO tunnel junctions was investigated via the magneto-optical Kerr effect, soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy. The Fe|MgO tunnel junctions showed enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy under external negative voltage, which induced charge depletion at the Fe|MgO interface. Despite the application of voltages of opposite polarity, no trace of chemical reaction such as a redox reaction attributed to O{sup 2−} migration was detected in the x-ray absorption spectra of the Fe. The VCMA reported in the Fe|MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions must therefore originate from phenomena associated with the purely electric effect, that is, surface electron doping and/or redistribution induced by an external electric field.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

Unraveling the magnetic properties of BiFe{sub 0.5}Cr{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} thin films

We investigate the structural, chemical, and magnetic properties on BiFe{sub 0.5}Cr{sub 0.5}O{sub 3} (BFCO) thin films grown on (001) (110) and (111) oriented SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) substrates by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray diffraction. We show how highly pure BFCO films, differently from the theoretically expected ferrimagnetic behavior, present a very weak dichroic signal at Cr and Fe edges, with both moments aligned with the external field. Chemically sensitive hysteresis loops show no hysteretic behavior and no saturation up to 6.8 T. The linear responses are induced by the tilting of the Cr and Fe moments along the applied magnetic field.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic x-ray microscopy at low temperatures – Visualization of flux distributions in superconductors

X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) microscopy at liquid nitrogen temperature has been performed on bilayers of high-T{sub c} superconducting YBCO (YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-δ}) and soft-magnetic Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 40}B{sub 20}. This should allow us to map the magnetic flux density distribution in the current-carrying state of the superconductor with high spatial resolution. For that purpose the UHV scanning X-ray microscope MAXYMUS has been upgraded by a MMR Micro Miniature Joule-Thompson cryostat capable of temperatures between 75 K and 580 K. Resulting XMCD images of the magnetic flux density in the superconductor with a field of view ranging from millimeters to micrometers are presented. The microscope’s unique combination of total electron yield (TEY) measurements together with low temperatures offers novel possibilities concerning the current transport in superconductors on small length scales.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Evidence for ferromagnetic coupling at the doped topological insulator/ferrimagnetic insulator interface

One of the major obstacles of the magnetic topological insulators (TIs) impeding their practical use is the low Curie temperature (T{sub c}). Very recently, we have demonstrated the enhancement of the magnetic ordering in Cr-doped Bi{sub 2}Se{sub 3} by means of proximity to the high-T{sub c} ferrimagnetic insulator (FMI) Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} and found a large and rapidly decreasing penetration depth of the proximity effect, suggestive of a different carrier propagation process near the TI surface. Here we further present a study of the interfacial magnetic interaction of this TI/FMI heterostrucutre. The synchrotron-based X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique was used to probe the nature of the exchange coupling of the Bi{sub 2−x}Cr{sub x}Se{sub 3}/Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} interface. We found that the Bi{sub 2−x}Cr{sub x}Se{sub 3} grown on Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12}(111) predominately contains Cr{sup 3+} cations, and the spin direction of the Cr{sup 3+} is aligned parallel to that of tetrahedral Fe{sup 3+} of the YIG, revealing a ferromagnetic exchange coupling between the Bi{sub 2−x}Cr{sub x}Se{sub 3} and the Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12}.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electronic structure study of wide band gap magnetic semiconductor (La{sub 0.6}Pr{sub 0.4}){sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3} nanocrystals in paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases

X-ray circular magnetic dichroism (XMCD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) techniques were used to study the electronic structure of nanocrystalline (La{sub 0.6}Pr{sub 0.4}){sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3} near Fermi-level. XMCD results indicate that Mn{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 4+} spins are aligned parallel to each other at 20 K. The low M-H hysteresis curve measured at 5 K confirms ferromagnetic ordering in the (La{sub 0.6}Pr{sub 0.4}){sub 0.65}Ca{sub 0.35}MnO{sub 3} system. The low temperature valence band XPS indicates that coupling between Mn3d and O2p is enhanced and the electronic states near Fermi-level have been suppressed below T{sub C}. The valence band UPS also confirms the suppression of electronic states near Fermi-level below Curie temperature. UPS near Fermi-edge shows that the electronic states are almost absent below 0.5 eV (at 300 K) and 1 eV (at 115 K). This absence clearly demonstrates the existence of a wide band-gap in the system since, for hole-doped semiconductors, the Fermi-level resides just above the valence band maximum.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Electronic and magnetic properties of TTF and TCNQ covered Co thin films

Interfacial effects like orbital hybridization and charge transfer strongly influence the transfer of spins from ferromagnetic metals to organic semiconductors and can lead to the formation of interfacial states with distinct magnetic properties. The changes in the electronic and magnetic properties of a thin Co film upon adsorption of a layer of either the molecular organic electron donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or the acceptor tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) have been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism using synchrotron radiation. Clear differences between the spectra of the adsorbed molecules and the neutral molecules show the hybridization of the molecular orbitals with the Co interface. Deposition of both organic materials leads to a small increase of the ratio of the orbital magnetic moment to the spin magnetic moment of the Co atoms at the interface. The main effect of overlayer deposition is a modification of the magnetic hysteresis of the Co film: The TCNQ slightly reduces the coercivity of the Co, while the TTF increases the coercivity by a factor of ∼1.5. These complementary effects of either a molecular organic electron donor or acceptor on the interfacial properties of a metal ferromagnetic thin film are a promising result for the controlled modification of the magnetic structure of hybrid interfaces.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

High-temperature ferromagnetism in heavily Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Fe)Sb

We show high-temperature ferromagnetism in heavily Fe-doped ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga{sub 1−x},Fe{sub x})Sb (x = 23% and 25%) thin films grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. Magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy and anomalous Hall effect measurements indicate intrinsic ferromagnetism of these samples. The Curie temperature reaches 300 K and 340 K for x = 23% and 25%, respectively, which are the highest values reported so far in intrinsic III-V ferromagnetic semiconductors.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetization reversal of the domain structure in the anti-perovskite nitride Co{sub 3}FeN investigated by high-resolution X-ray microscopy

We performed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) photoemission electron microscopy imaging to reveal the magnetic domain structure of anti-perovskite nitride Co{sub 3}FeN exhibiting a negative spin polarization. In square and disc patterns, we systematically and quantitatively determined the statistics of the stable states as a function of geometry. By direct imaging during the application of a magnetic field, we revealed the magnetic reversal process in a spatially resolved manner. We compared the hysteresis on the continuous area and the square patterns from the magnetic field-dependent XMCD ratio, which can be explained as resulting from the effect of the shape anisotropy, present in nanostructured thin films.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2016

Determination of magnetic parameters in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}/SrTiO{sub 3} thin films using EMCD

It is well known that the magnetic state of the La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} (LSMO) thin-film heterostructure is strongly correlated with the lattice, spin, orbital, and charge states, since these influence the electric and magnetic transport properties even on the unit-cell level. Therefore, understanding the material's magnetic properties on the nanoscale is important for the development of novel applications. The recently developed electron magnetic-circular dichroism (EMCD) technique allows the determination of atomic site-specific magnetic information via the use of transmitted electrons; however, its sensitivity is not high enough to quantitatively acquire magnetic information in many weak magnetism systems. Here, we utilized a dynamical diffraction-effect assisted EMCD technique to quantitatively determine the spin and orbital magnetic moment of LSMO/SrTiO{sub 3} thin films on the nanometer scale using a transmission electron microscope. Further, data processing was optimized to enhance the intensity of the EMCD signals for manganese, which have very weak magnetism at room temperature. High signal-to-noise ratio and accurate quantitative magnetic measurement are eventually achieved. Finally, the spin magnetic moments (0.73 ± 0.26 μ{sub B}) are derived, and we also limited the ratio of the orbital to spin magnetic moment within an interval of (−0.03, 0.01). Our results not only present the nanoscale magnetic parameters of LSMO/SrTiO{sub 3}, but also demonstrate how the measurement limit of the spin (or orbital) magnetic moment can be achieved, which is via the developed dynamical diffraction effect assisted EMCD technique.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Proximity-induced magnetism and the enhancement of damping in ferromagnetic/heavy metal systems

The relationship between proximity-induced magnetism (PIM) at the heavy metal/ferromagnet interface and spin-transport across such interfaces has generated significant debate. To investigate the link between the two, element specific x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ferromagnetic resonance measurements were made on the same CoFe/Au/Pt and NiFe/Au/Pt thin film samples with varying Au thickness, with complementary SIMS analysis, which shows evidence of Ni diffusion from NiFe into the Pt. An approximately linear relationship is observed between the magnitude of Pt PIM and magnitude of damping enhancement in both systems. The results demonstrate that electronic hybridization of the heavy metal and ferromagnet is required for a full understanding of damping enhancement and interfacial spintransport for spintronic devices.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

State-resolved ultrafast charge and spin dynamics in [Co/Pd] multilayers

We use transient absorption spectroscopy with circularly polarized x rays to detect laser-excited hole states below the Fermi level and compare their dynamics with that of unoccupied states above the Fermi level in ferromagnetic [Co/Pd] multilayers. While below the Fermi level, an instantaneous and significantly stronger demagnetization is observed, above the Fermi level, the demagnetization is delayed by 35 ± 10 fs. This provides a direct visualization of how ultrafast demagnetization proceeds via initial spin-flip scattering of laser-excited holes to the subsequent formation of spin waves.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Magnetic properties versus interface density in rigid-exchange-coupled amorphous multilayers with induced uniaxial anisotropy

We demonstrate the possibility to tune the saturation magnetization, coercivity, and uniaxial in-plane anisotropy constant in amorphous bilayers and multilayers of Co 85 (Al 70 Zr 30 ) 15 and Sm 11 Co 82 Ti 7 through the interface density. From magnetometry and x-ray circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, we conclude that the easy-axis coercivity μ 0 H c increases four times when the number of bilayer repetitions, N, increases from 1 to 10 within a constant total sample thickness of 20 nm. At the same time, the anisotropy constant K u also increases by a factor four, whereas the saturation magnetization M s decreases slightly. The Co spin and orbital moments, m s and m l , are found to be approximately constant within the sample series. The average total Co moment is only 0.8-0.9 μ B /atom, but the m l /m s ratio is strongly enhanced compared to pure Co. Magnetization curves extracted from XMCD measurements show that the Co and Sm moments are ferromagnetically coupled for all samples.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Modulating above-room-temperature magnetism in Ga-implanted Fe 5 GeTe 2 van der Waals magnets

The creation of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets with tunable Curie temperature (T C ) and magnetic anisotropy is essential in developing vdW magnet-based devices. Here, we report an effective and reliable method for modulating the magnetic properties of vdW Fe 5 GeTe 2 by site-specific Ga + implantation. In this study, we report an easy axis in the ab-plane for bulk Fe 5 GeTe 2 (T C = 310 K) and an axis out of the plane for thin Fe 5 GeTe 2 flakes (T C = 290 K). Combining element-resolved photoemission electron microscopy and spatially resolved magneto-optic Kerr microscopy, we find that the implantation of a tiny amount of 10 –3 Ga + ·Å –3 in Fe 5 GeTe 2 greatly enhances the T C from 290 to 360 K and switches the magnetic easy axis from the out-of-plane c axis to the ab-plane. The room-temperature x-ray magnetic circular dichroism signal is enhanced from 0% to 9% at an implantation level of 10 –2 Ga + ·Å –3 . These results provide new opportunities for tailoring the magnetic properties of vdW materials beyond room temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗