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Summary and Status of 5 Mechanical Pumped Fluid Loop (MPFL) Projects Currently in Process at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for the Planned Europa Mission, Mars 2020, Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS), Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-3), and Cold Atom Lab (CAL)
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Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) Calibration and Geophysical Retrievals
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Middle Atmosphere Sounder and Thermal Emission Radiometer (MASTER)
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Analyses of Semi-Transparent Cirrus Clouds Using Combined Retrievals of CALIPSO Radiometer and Lidar Measurements A New Multiple Scattering Parameterization for the CALIPSO Lidar
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Linkage among Ice Crystal Microphysics, Mesoscale Dynamics and Cloud and Precipitation Structures Revealed By Collocated Microwave Radiometer and Multi-Frequency Radar Observations
Ice clouds and falling snow are ubiquitous globally and play important roles in the Earth’s radiation budget and precipitation processes. Ice particle microphysical properties (e.g., size, habit and orientation) are not only influenced by ambient environment’s dynamic and thermodynamic conditions, but also intimately connect to the cloud radiative effects and particle fall speeds, which therefore impact up to the future climate projection and down to the details of the surface precipitation (e.g., onset-time, location, type and strength). Our previous work revealed that high-frequency Polarimetric radiance Difference (PD) from passive microwave sensors is a good indicator of the bulk aspect ratio of horizontally oriented ice particles that are often occur inside anvil clouds and/or stratiform precipitations. In this current work, we further investigate the dynamic/thermodynamic mechanisms and cloud/precipitation structures associated with ice-phase microphysics corresponding to different PD signals. In order to do so, collocated CloudSat radar (W-band) and Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR, Ku/Ka bands) observations as well as European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmosphere background profiles are grouped according to the magnitude of PD for only stratiform precipitation and/or anvil cloud scenes. We found that horizontally-oriented snow aggregates or large snow particles are likely the major contributor to the high-PD signals at 166 GHz, while low-PD magnitudes can be attributed to small cloud ice, randomly oriented snow aggregates, riming snow or super-cooled water. Further, high (low) PD scenes are found to be associated with stronger (weaker) wind shear and higher (lower) ambient humidity, both of which help promote (prohibit) the growth of frozen particles and the organization of convective systems. An ensemble of squall line cases is studied at the end to demonstrate that the PD asymmetry in the leading and trailing edges of the deep convection line is closely tied to the anvil cloud and stratiform precipitation layers respectively, suggesting the potential usefulness of PD as a proxy of stratiform/convective precipitation flag, as well as a proxy of convection life stage.
Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) and Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) Observations During IMPACTS 2020
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SMAP Microwave Radiometer Calibration Revisit Approaches and Performance
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Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) observations during IMPACTS 2020
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Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR)
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Sensitivity of Spacebased Microwave Radiometer Observations to Ocean Surface Evaporation
The methodology of spacebased estimation of evaporation and latent heat flux from the ocean is described.
Observing the Icy Jovian Satellites with the Galileo Photopolarimeter Radiometer Instrument
The Photopolarimeter/Radiometer (PPR) instrument aboard the Galileo spacecraft will go into orbit around Jupiter in December 1995. The 23 month tour offers PPR four Ganymede encounters, three Callisto encounters, and three Europa encounters with maximum PPR resolution varying from 0.5 km to 8 km and typical resolution of 200 km. In addition, there will be one Ganymede, one Callisto, and two Europa 'non-targeted' encounters giving maximum PPR resolution from 58 km to 200 km with a typical resolution of 300 km. There is a single Io encounter before Jupiter orbit insertion that will provide resolutions ranging from 400 km to 2.5 km, and numerous subsequent opportunities to observe Io with resolution as good as 600 km. The PPR will be used to study the polarization of reflected sunlight from each satellite over a wide range of phase angles. It will also map daytime and nighttime surface temperatures to look for spatial variations in thermophysical properties, study volcanic activity on Io, and look for possible endogenic thermal activity on Europa. These observation plans are presented.
Coherent radiometers for cosmic microwve background polarization detection
This paper will review the state-of-the-art of receiver front-ends, discuss their application to polarimeter design in experiments, both existing and under development and finally describe the prospects for massive arrays for the detection of CMB polarization.
Soil Moisture and Vegetation Observations During SGP99 Using the PALS Airborne Microwave Radiometer-Radar System
The Passive/Active L/S-band (PALS) airborne microwave sensor was flown for the first time during the 1999 Southern Great Plains (SGP99) experiment.
177-207 GHz Radiometer Front End: Single Sideband Measurements
This paper describes the MLS 177-207 GHz receiver front-end (RFE) and provides measured data for its lower and upper sidebands.
State of The Art Radiometer Standards For NASA'S Earth Observing System
The Multi-Angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), to be launched in 1998, is one of five instruments on NASA's first Earth Observing System (EOS) platform. The 3% absolute radiometric calibration requirement is considered challenging, particularly since it must be maintained through the five-year mission life. The Instrument requirements have led to the development of an On-Board Calibrator (OBC) consisting of diffuse panels and photodiode-based radiometric standards.