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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,585 records · Page 88
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Polycarbonate‐Based Solid‐Polymer Electrolytes for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries

Solid-polymer electrolytes comprised of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and varied sodium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (NaFSI) salt concentrations are investigated for implementation as a conductive solid polymer electrolyte into solid-state cathode composites utilizing a sodium-layered oxide active material. The ionic conductivity generally increases with NaFSI salt content, reaching ≈1 mS cm −1 at 80 °C at the highest salt concentration (PPC:NaFSI = 0.5:1). Through an all-in-one slurry casting method, Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 cathode composites are fabricated in which the dispersed PPC electrolyte acts as the primary binder. Enabled by a bilayer polymer electrolyte system, cycling performance with the PPC cathode electrolyte is optimized with respect to salt concentration and anode material. The best cyclability is achieved with a moderate salt concentration electrolyte (PPC:NaFSI = 5:1), showcasing an initial capacity of 83 mA h g −1 with a remarkable 80% capacity retention after 150 cycles at C/5 rate and 60 °C. The superior performance of the lower salt concentration electrolyte is attributed to better electrochemical stability, as confirmed by linear sweep voltammetry and online electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements. In conclusion, these results underscore the potential of carbonate-based polymer electrolytes and the importance of balancing electrolyte conductivity and stability in cell design.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2019

In Situ Structure Characterization in Slot-Die-Printed All-Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 9%

Herein, high-performance printed all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blend film are demonstrated using PTzBI as the donor and N2200 as the acceptor. A slot-die process is used to prepare the BHJ blend, which is a cost-effective, high-throughput approach to achieve large-area photovoltaic devices. The real-time crystallization of polymers in the film drying process is investigated by in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering characterization. Printing is found to significantly improve the crystallinity of the polymer blend in comparison with spin coating. Moreover, printing with 1,8-diiodooctane as the solvent additive enhances the polymer aggregation and crystallization during solvent evaporation, eventually leading to multi-length-scale phase separation, with PTzBI-rich domains in-between the N2200 crystalline fibers. This unique morphology achieved by printing fabrication results in an impressively high power conversion efficiency of 9.10%, which is the highest efficiency reported for printed all-PSCs. Finally, these findings provide important guidelines for controlling film drying dynamics for processing all-PSCs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Adhesion and Toxicity of Polymers Prepared Using Ionic Liquid Monomers

The focus of this research was to investigate possible applications of crosslinked polymers that could be prepared through free-radical polymerization of protic ionic liquid monomers. These monomers were synthesized through reactions of selected Bronsted acids and bases, and then polymerized with and without the aid of a free-radical initiator. It was discovered that these polymers had potential applications as adhesives, and bond strengths of various formulations were tested and compared with commercially available adhesives. Additionally, potential environmental toxicity of these polymers was investigated by performing zone of inhibition testing with select bacteria. It was determined that several of these polymers have comparable or superior bond strengths to other common adhesives, although monomer type and initiator concentration can impact these strengths. Toxicity was also dependent on these factors, with some formulations showing high toxicity and others showing few toxic effects.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Coordination polymers based on zinc(II) and manganese(II) with 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid

Three new metal-organic coordination polymers were obtained namely, [Mn{sub 3}(chdc){sub 3}-(NMP){sub 2}(DMF){sub 2}] (1, chdc{sup 2–} is trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, NMP is N-methylpyrrolidone, DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide), [Zn{sub 3}(chdc){sub 3}(NMP){sub 2}]•2NMP (2), and [Zn{sub 3}(chdc){sub 3}(ur)-(DMF){sub 0.5}]•DMF (3, ur is the urotropine). The crystal structures of polymers 1, 2, and 3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. All three compounds were found to contain a trinuclear secondary building unit {M_3(OOC)_6}. Coordination polymers 1 and 2 have a layered structure, while polymer 3 has a three-dimensional coordination framework with isolated pores formed due to the presence of urotropine bridging molecules. Compounds 1 and 3 were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis data, powder X-ray diffraction. Compound 3 was also characterized by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reinforcement induced microcracking during the conversion of polymer-derived ceramics

This study investigates the role of discontinuous reinforcement on the microcracking of a preceramic polymer matrix during polymer to ceramic conversion. The material system comprised a carbosilane-based, preceramic polymer reinforced with mullite particles. The preceramic resin slurry was formulated for photopolymerization on a digital light projection 3D printer. Micro X-ray computed tomography, using a synchrotron light source, monitored a printed composite part during pyrolysis. The conversion of the carbosilane matrix into Si(O)C generated microcracks in the matrix that radially extended from particles. The likelihood of microcrack formation positively correlated with particle size. The largest particles (>10 4 µm 3 volume or >60 µm side length) always abutted microcracks, while the matrix surrounding smaller particles (<5 µm) was free of microcracks. Numerical calculations showed the particles resist the shrinking matrix during its conversion. This created tensile stresses within the matrix. The driving force for microcrack growth was also analyzed with regard to the influence of matrix material parameters, particle form-factor and crack length. These results reveal the need to consider the form factor of discontinuous reinforcements, with regard to the material properties of the polymer-derived ceramic, in order to reduce or eliminate defects in the final part.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

A novel additive manufacturing compression overmolding process for hybrid metal polymer composite structures

Metal polymer composites combining low density, high strength composites with highly ductile and tough metals have gained traction over the last few decades as lightweight and high-performance materials for industrial applications. However, the mechanical properties are limited by the interfacial bonding strength between metals and polymers achieved through adhesives, welding, and surface treatment processes. In this paper, a novel manufacturing process combining additive manufacturing and compression molding to obtain hybrid metal polymer composites with enhanced mechanical properties is presented. Additive manufacturing enabled deposition of polymeric material with fibers in a predetermined pattern to form tailored charge or preform for compression molding. Here, a grade 300 maraging steel triangular lattice is first fabricated using AddUp FormUp350 laser powder bed system and compression overmolded with additively manufactured long carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide-6,6 (40% wt. CF/PA66) preform. The fabricated hybrid metal polymer composites showed high stiffness and tensile strength. The stiffness and failure characteristics determined from the uniaxial tensile tests were correlated to a finite element model within 20% deviation. Fractographic analyses was performed using microscopy to investigate failure mechanisms of the hybrid structures.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Modifying the pore size distribution in Fe-rich inorganic polymer mortars: An effective shrinkage mitigation strategy

Highlights: • Inorganic polymer mortar has mainly macropores and a drying shrinkage of 5.1 mm/m. • 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol acts as air entrainer in inorganic polymer mortars. • Optimal dosage 2 wt% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol reduced drying shrinkage to 1.8 mm/m. • Heat curing inorganic polymer mortars reduced drying shrinkage more than 50%. • Blast Furnace slag addition increased drying shrinkage and reduced strength. Inorganic polymer (IP) binder is formed upon alkali-activation of Fe-rich (41 wt%) metallurgical slag leading to materials with mechanical properties comparable to ordinary Portland cement binders. Crack formation is reported in IPs, which can be related to volumetric stability, which is to date not thoroughly understood in IPs. This study determined the autogenous and drying shrinkage of IP mortars. Shrinkage mitigation strategies, such as the addition of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (2MPL), blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and applying heat curing, were used separately or in combination. IP mortars exhibited autogenous expansion and high drying shrinkage. The addition of 2MPL led to a porosity increase, as air was entrained, decreasing the drying shrinkage with 64%. Additional heat curing had no effect on samples with 2MPL. Introducing GGBFS resulted in smaller pores, increasing drying shrinkage. Shrinkage in IP mortars is driven by its pore size distribution and higher shrinkage resulted in lower flexural strength.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Hot spot and temperature analysis of shocked hydrocarbon polymer foams using molecular dynamics simulation

Hydrocarbon polymers, foams and nanocomposites are increasingly being subjected to extreme environments. Molecular scale modeling of these materials offers insight into failure mechanisms and complex response. Prior classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the principal shock Hugoniot for two hydrocarbon polymers, polyethylene (PE) and poly (4-methyl-1-pentene) (PMP) have shown good agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experiments conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. We extended these results to include low-density polymer foams using nonequilibrium MD techniques and found good quantitative agreement with experiment. Here, we have measured the local temperature during void collapse to investigate the formation of hot spots and their relationship to polymer dissociation in foams.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Applying machine learning and quantum chemistry to predict the glass transition temperatures of polymers

Glass transition temperature (T g ) is important for understanding the physical and mechanical properties of a polymer material because it relates to the thermal energy required to transition between a hard glassy state and a soft rubbery one. Over the years, various models have been developed for predicting this thermal property from molecular structure to aid in designing novel polymers in selected classes. This work builds on those efforts by utilizing both machine learning (ML) and quantum chemistry (QC) techniques to develop models that can predict T g values from the molecular structure under different data availability scenarios and for a wide variety of polymer types. For the ML model, a graph convolutional network (GCN) was used to map topological polymer features; this model was trained against a dataset of more than 7500 T g values and resulted in a root mean square error (RMSE) of 38.1 °C. The QC-based regression model was trained on 83 T g values and produced an RMSE of 34.5 °C. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that while both model techniques produce accurate predictions and are suitable for different data availability scenarios, the QC-based regression model offered a more interpretable model framework with significantly less training data.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Overcoming the trade-off between V oc and J sc : Asymmetric chloro-substituted two-dimensional benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based polymer solar cells

To achieve the high PCE and simultaneously overcome the trade-off between open circuit voltage (V oc ) and short-circuit current density (J( sc ), the reasonable design of the donor material is still a great challenge in nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, a pair of asymmetric 2D BDT-based wide band gap polymers, named PBPTBz-1C1 and PRPTBz-2C1, respectively, were designed and synthesized through simultaneously introducing a chloro-substituted thiophene and another alkoxylphenyl groups as side chains onto the same BDT unit. As expected, the polymers PBPTBz-1C1 and PBPTBz-2C1 exhibit the deeper HOMO levels of - 5.32 and - 5.41 eV, respectively, compared with the HOMO value of - 5.27 eV for chlorine -free substituted polymer PBPTBz-OCI. Therefore, the PBPTBz-2Cl:IT-M based PSCs exhibited a higher V oc of 0.99 V, with an enhanced J sc of 14.92 mA cm -2 and PCE of 7.18%. The V oc , J sc and PCE were simultaneously enhanced from PEPTBz-OCLIT-M to PBPTBz-1C1:IT-M, then to PBPTBz-2C1:1T-M based PSCs successively. These results demonstrate that the challenge of the trade-off between V oc and J sc could be overcome through the asymmetric strategy of the chlorosubstituted thiophene and alkylphenyl groups as different side chains onto the same BDT unit. Hence, considering the low cost of starting materials and convenient introduction of chlorine atoms, the asymmetric chlorination of the side chain of BDT unit would be the great potential for achieving the high-performance PSCs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Structure and dynamics of ILs-based gel polymer electrolytes and its enhanced conductive properties with the incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanofibers

Here, this work reports the enhanced mobility of ions in ionic liquid (IL)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with the incorporation of Al 2 O 3 nanofibers. A combination of PVDF-HFP, EMIMTFSI and LiTFSI with 3 wt% Al 2 O 3 nanofibers has been prepared through solution casting technique. The room temperature ionic conductivity of PVDF-HFP: ILs electrolyte (45:55, weight ratio of 0.82) (GPE) is found to be 2.7 × 10 –5 S cm –1 , which increases up to 7.8 × 10 –5 S cm –1 in Al 2 O 3 containing GPE (Al-GPE). Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR results validate the increased ionic conductivity observed in Al-GPE. We found that the diffusivity of Li + , TFSI – and EMIM + increases when Al 2 O 3 nanofibers are well-distributed in the GPE matrix. The surface morphology and the amorphicity of GPEs are examined through SEM and XRD analyses. Lastly, the local structure of Al 2 O 3 fibers and the molecular-level interactions of ions with polymer, and their effect on the diffusivity of ions are established through solid-state NMR detecting 27 Al, 1 H, 13 C, 19 F nuclei including 2D 13 C{ 1 H} HETCOR NMR experiments. The 13 C DPMAS and CPMAS experiments highlight the dynamic heterogeneity associated with the ions that are embedded in the rigid and the mobile phase of GPEs. While some of the ionic species strongly interact with polymer chains in the rigid environment, the majority of them reside in the mobile phase and contribute to the overall increased conductivity. Most importantly, Al 2 O 3 nanofibers significantly affect the dynamics of ionic species that are present in the mobile phase between the polymer chains.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Influence of hydrophilic groups and metal-ion adsorption on polymer-chain conformation of amidoxime-based uranium adsorbents

In this study, we focus on the influence of hydrophilic groups and metal-ion loading on adsorbent polymer conformation, which controls access to adsorption sites and may limit adsorption capacity. Gaining a better understanding of the factors that influence conformation may yield higher-capacity adsorbents. Polyamidoxime (PAO), deuterated-PAO polyacrylic acid diblock copolymers (d-PAO-b-PAA), and randomly configured copolymers (PAO-co-PAA) were synthesized and characterized by neutron reflectometry in air and D 2 O. For d-PAO-b-PAA, characterization was also performed after alkali conditioning and in simulated seawater. PAO and PAO-co-PAA, with similar molecular weight and grafting density, extended from 95-Å thickness in air to 180 and 280-Å in D 2 O, respectively. This result suggests that polymer swelling may cause the additional adsorption capacity observed when polymer hydrophilicity increases. Two d-PAO-b-PAA samples, A and B, with a d-PAO thickness of 55-Å swelled to 110-Å and 140-Å, respectively, with an overall thickness increase of ~160% in D 2 O. After alkali conditioning, molecular interactions increased the density of PAA near the PAO-PAA interface, while the d-PAO thickness only decreased by ~10 Å. The d-PAO thickness of both samples declined to ~90-Å after adsorption in simulated seawater due to polymer-chain crosslinking. In conclusion, these results are expected to aid in improving adsorbent synthesis to increase uranium capacity.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗
DOE OSTI2023

A statistical mechanics framework for polymer chain scission, based on the concepts of distorted bond potential and asymptotic matching

To design increasingly tough, resilient, and fatigue-resistant elastomers and hydrogels, the relationship between controllable network parameters at the molecular level (bond type, non-uniform chain length, entanglement density, etc.) to macroscopic quantities that govern damage and failure must be established. Many of the most successful constitutive models for elastomers have been rooted in statistical mechanical treatments of polymer chains. Typically, such constitutive models have used variants of the freely jointed chain model with rigid links. However, since the free energy state of a polymer chain is dominated by enthalpic bond distortion effects as the chain approaches its rupture point, bond extensibility ought to be accounted for if the model is intended to capture chain rupture. To that end, a new bond potential is supplemented to the freely jointed chain model (as derived in the u FJC framework of Buche and Silberstein (2021) and Buche et al. (2022)), which we have extended to yield a tractable, closed-form model of single chain behavior that should be amenable to continuum-level constitutive model development. Inspired by the asymptotically matched u FJC model response in both the low/intermediate chain force and high chain force regimes, a simple, quasi-polynomial bond potential energy function is derived. This bond potential exhibits harmonic behavior near the equilibrium state and anharmonic behavior for large bond stretches tending to a characteristic energy plateau (akin to the Lennard-Jones and Morse bond potentials). Using this bond potential, approximate yet highly-accurate analytical functions for bond stretch and chain force dependent upon chain stretch are established. Then, using this polymer chain model, a stochastic thermal fluctuation-driven chain rupture framework is developed. This framework is based upon a force-modified tilted bond potential that accounts for distortional bond potential energy, allowing for the derivation and subsequent calculation of the dissipated chain scission energy. Here, the cases of rate-dependent and rate-independent scission are accounted for throughout the rupture framework. The impact of Kuhn segment number on chain rupture behavior is also investigated. The model is fit to single chain mechanical response data collected from atomic force microscopy tensile tests for validation and to glean deeper insight into the molecular physics taking place. Due to their analytical nature, this polymer chain model and the associated rupture framework can in the future be implemented in finite element models accounting for fracture and fatigue in polydisperse elastomer networks.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Performance improvement of P3HT/TiO{sub 2} coaxial heterojunction polymer solar cells by introducing a CdS interface modifier

Coaxial heterojunction polymer solar cells consisting of vertical aligned crystalline TiO{sub 2} nanotube arrays transferred onto FTO-coated glass and ordered interpenetrating poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) have been fabricated through interface sensitization of CdS quantum dots on TiO{sub 2} nanotube walls. The performances of structurally identical polymer solar cells with and without CdS quantum dots sensitization were investigated and compared. The sensitized P3HT/CdS-TiO{sub 2} cell demonstrated an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.72 V and a short-circuit current of 8.29 mA/cm{sup 2} while the P3HT/TiO{sub 2} cell was 0.41 V and 5.64 mA/cm{sup 2}. The efficiency of this sensitized cell represents a more than four-fold improvement compared to the non-sensitized cell. By probing the charge transport characteristics at interfaces and the mechanism of photoelectric conversion, it is found the moderately interfacial CdS QDs plays the role of assisting charge separation and suppression of back recombination at interfaces, which accounts for the observed enhanced J{sub sc} and V{sub oc} in photovoltaic performance. - Graphical abstract: Schematic illustration of the Au/P3HT/CdS-TiO{sub 2}/FTO coaxial heterojunction polymer solar cell and its photovoltaic property compared with Au/P3HT/TiO{sub 2}/FTO cell. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CdS QDs sensitized P3HT/TiO{sub 2} solid coaxial heterojunction solar cells are fabricated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The V{sub oc} of such sensitized polymer solar cell reaches the value as high as 0.72 V. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 4.5 times higher PCE obtains as compared with the non-sensitized cell. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The dominate roles of CdS QDs sensitization on the PCE enhancement are investigated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Copper(II)-lanthanide(III) coordination polymers constructed from pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid: Preparation, crystal structure and photoluminescence

A series of 3d-4f heterometallic coordination polymers, formulated as {l_brace} [Cu{sub 3}Ln{sub 2}(pydc){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 12}]{center_dot}4H{sub 2}O{r_brace} {sub n} [Ln=Tb (1), Eu (2), Dy (3), Ho (4), Lu (5)], {l_brace} [CuNd{sub 2}(pydc){sub 4}(H{sub 2}O){sub 3}]{center_dot}H{sub 2}O{r_brace} {sub n} (6) and {l_brace} [Cu{sub 3}Pr{sub 2}(pydc){sub 6}(H{sub 2}O){sub 13}]{center_dot}4H{sub 2}O{r_brace} {sub n} (7) (where H{sub 2}pydc=pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally prepared by reactions of H{sub 2}pydc ligand with lanthanide ions in the presence of Cu(II) ion. X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that these compounds exhibit rich structural chemistry. 1-5 are isomorphous and present a two-dimensional network constructed from Ln{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}L{sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} SBU rings and CuL{sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) building blocks. In 6, two-dimensional ladder-like layers based on Nd(III) belts and CuL{sub 2}O{sub 2} units are assembled by H{sub 2}pydc ligands into a three-dimensional open framework. Polymer 7 displays a two-dimensional wave-like layer structure containing two distinct ring units, in which a new coordination mode of the pydc{sup 2-} ligand is observed. The results indicate that the coordination flexibility of the pydc{sup 2-} ligand and lanthanide contraction effect play cooperative roles in the formation of coordination polymers with different polymeric architectures. Compounds 1-2 exhibit intense green and red luminescence emission characteristics of Tb(III) and Eu(III), respectively. Furthermore, elemental analyses (EA), infrared spectra (IR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of these compounds were also studied. - Graphical abstract: Seven 3d-4f heterometallic coordination polymers were synthesized by reactions of H{sub 2}pydc with lanthanide metal ions in the presence of Cu{sup 2+}, the effects of Cu{sup 2+} on the structures and photoluminescent properties of Ln-pydc{sup 2-} systems were investigated. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Seven 3d-4f heterometallic compounds have been prepared and characterized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 1-5 and 7 are constructed from Ln{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}L{sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} rings and CuL{sub 2}(H{sub 2}O) building blocks. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer One new coordination mode of the pydc{sup 2-} ligand is first observed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 1-2 exhibit intense characteristic luminescence emission spectra of lanthanide ions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Metal arsonate polymers of Cd, Zn, Ag and Pb supported by 4-aminophenylarsonic acid

The coordination preferences of 4-aminophenylarsonic acid, 4-NH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H{sub 2}, (p-arsanilic acid) with CdCl{sub 2}{center_dot}2.5H{sub 2}O, ZnCl{sub 2}, Ag(SO{sub 3}CF{sub 3}) and Pb(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} have been investigated affording five new metal arsonate polymers. The reaction between 4-aminophenylarsonic acid and CdCl{sub 2}{center_dot}2.5H{sub 2}O resulted in a one-dimensional polymer, [{l_brace}Cd(4-NH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H)(Cl){sub 2}{r_brace}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]{sub n}, 1, in which the polymeric chain is propagated by bridging chlorides. Exchange of CdCl{sub 2} for ZnCl{sub 2} afforded [{l_brace}Zn{sub 2}(4-NH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3})(Cl){sub 2}{r_brace}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}(Cl)]{sub n}, 2, featuring interlinked 6- and 8-membered [Zn-O-As] ring systems. The reaction of Ag(SO{sub 3}CF{sub 3}) with 4-aminophenylarsonic acid, afforded polymeric 3, [Ag(4-NH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H)(4-NH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H{sub 2})]{sub n} where coordination of the amino group to the silver center is observed and [{l_brace}Ag{sub 2}(4-NH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H)(4-NH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3})({mu}2-SO{sub 3}CF{sub 3}){sub 2}{r_brace}(SO{sub 3}CF{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub n}, 4. By comparison, the reaction of p-arsanilic acid with Pb(NO{sub 3}){sub 2} yielded a polymeric chain [Pb(4-NH{sub 3}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H)(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub n}, 5 of similar topology to 1. The structures of 1-5 have been indiscriminately characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and their composition supported by relevant spectroscopic techniques. A comparison of the structural features of these polymers is used to determine the coordination preference of the ligand and factors influencing structural motifs, for example, the role of the anion. - Graphical abstract: The reaction of 4-aminophenylarsonic acid, 4-NH{sub 2}C{sub 6}H{sub 4}AsO{sub 3}H{sub 2}, with cadmium, zinc, silver, and lead have resulted in five new metal arsonate polymers that have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic means. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The synthesis of five novel metal arsonates with 4-aminophenyl arsonic acid. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed polymeric structures. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The luminescent properties of the metal arsonates were investigated.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Four homochiral coordination polymers contain N-acetyl-L-tyrosine and different N-donor ligand: Influence of metal cations, ancillary ligands and coordination modes

Using the chiral ligand N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (Hacty) and maintaining identical reaction conditions, Zn(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) salts provided four novel homochiral coordination polymers ([Zn(acty)(bipy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]·NO{sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O){sub n}1, ([Co(acty)(bipy){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}]·NO{sub 3}·2H{sub 2}O){sub n}2, ([Cd(acty){sub 2}(bipy)H{sub 2}O]·H{sub 2}O){sub n}3, and ([Cd(acty)(bpe){sub 2}(Ac)]·6H{sub 2}O){sub n}4 (bipy=4,4′-bipyridine; bpe=1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane) in the presence of ancillary ligands. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural 1D chain structures. The neighboring chains are further linked into a 3D supramolecular structure via π⋯π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions. Compound 3 shows a 2D network and 4 generates 1D infinite chains along the c-axis. Compounds 3 and 4 are further connected into 3D supramolecular network by hydrogen bond interactions. More importantly, coordination in acyl oxygen atoms and ancillary ligands (bpe) as monodentate decorating ligands in 4 are rarely reported. Ancillary ligands and metal cations significantly influence the structure of the complexes. The photoluminescence properties of 1, 3, and 4 were studied at room temperature. Circular dichroism (CD) of the complexes have been investigated. - Graphical abstract: Four new homochiral coordination polymers were prepared and structurally characterized, which investigate the influence of the ancillary ligands and metal ions on the design and synthesis of coordination polymers. Display Omitted - Highlights: • It is rarely reported that the chiral coordination polymers prepared with N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ligands. • The alkalescent acetyl oxygen atom is difficult to participate in coordination but it is happened in the N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ligands. • The ancillary ligands (4,4′-bipy and bpe) are present in an unusual coordination modes, monodentate decorating ligands in 1, 2 and 4. • Structure comparative analyses results indicate that the secondary ligands and metal ions influence the fabrication of these inorganic–organic arrangements.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Syntheses and structures of three heterometallic coordination polymers derived from 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid

Three lanthanide–transition-metal coordination polymers, namely, [Er{sub 2}L{sub 6}(H{sub 2}O)][Cu{sub 2}I{sub 2}] (1), [ErL{sub 3}][CuI] (2), and [Dy{sub 2}L{sub 6}(BPDC){sub 0.5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}][Cu{sub 3}I{sub 2}] (3) (HL=4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid, H{sub 2}BPDC=4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) have been made by reacting Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} and CuI with HL at different temperatures under hydrothermal conditions. All the complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. 1–3 all construct from dimeric (Ln{sub 2}) and (Cu{sub 2}) units and exhibit two types of the structural features: 1 is a two-dimensional layer, 2–3 are three-dimensional frameworks. Interestingly, the in situ formation of the BPDC ligand is found in the structure of 3. The distinct architectures of these complexes indicated that the reaction temperature plays an important role in the formation of higher dimensional coordination polymers. - Graphical abstract: By hydrothermal reaction of lanthanide oxide, copper halide, and 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic ligand at different temperatures, a series of 1-D to 3-D 3d–4f coordination polymers, namely [ErL{sub 3}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}][CuI], [Er{sub 2}L{sub 6}(H{sub 2}O)][Cu{sub 2}I{sub 2}], [ErL{sub 3}][CuI], and [Dy{sub 2}L{sub 6}(BPDC){sub 0.5}(H{sub 2}O){sub 4}][Cu{sub 3}I{sub 2}], have been made, respectively. - Highlights: • Three novel heterometallic coordination polymers derived from 4-pyridin-3-yl-benzoic acid have been hydrothermally synthesized. • Mixed dinuclear motifs of (Ln{sub 2}) and (Cu{sub 2}) serve as secondary building units to generate 2-D layer and 3-D frameworks. • It is proved that higher temperature is apt to permit construction of high dimensional architectures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗