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At least 1,585 records · Page 88
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1985

Space station crew safety alternatives study, volume 1

The first 15 years of accumulated space station concepts for initial operational capability (IOC) during the early 1990's were considered. Twenty-five threats to the space station are identified and selected threats addressed as impacting safety criteria, escape and rescue, and human factors safety concerns. Of the 25 threats identified, eight are discussed including strategy options for threat control: fire, biological or toxic contamination, injury/illness, explosion, loss of pressurization, radiation, meteoroid penetration and debris.

Peercy, R. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Space Station crew safety alternatives study. Volume 2: Threat development

The first 15 years of accumulated space station concepts for initial operational capability (IOC) during the early 1990's were considered. Twenty-five threats to the space station are identified and selected threats addressed as impacting safety criteria, escape and rescue, and human factors safety concerns. Of the 25 threats identified, eight are discussed including strategy options for threat control: fire, biological or toxic contamination, injury/illness, explosion, loss of pressurization, radiation, meteoroid penetration, and debris.

Raasch, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Recent advances in electroluminescent displays applicable to future crew-station interfaces

The operative principles and progress to date on producing thin-film electroluminescent displays (TFEL) are discussed. TFEL displays consist of conductive, insulating and phosphor film layers deposited on a glass substrate. Applying a 200 V potential between the rows and columns in a multiplexed mode causes light to be emitted. Varying the voltage varies the grey level. The panels provide adequate contrast in full sunlight, and have demanded only 4-6 W for 15 sq in. displays. Alphanumeric, graphics, and video images have been generated with a 51 line by 80 character display. The upper limit on the panel size has not yet been defined. Efforts are under way to produce multicolor displays using red and blue phosphors. Trial units are being studied for avionics displays for, e.g., navigation, multipurpose displays, and attitude/direction indicators.

Miller, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Automated crew procedure maintenance

The preparation of 30 controlled documents for each flight of the Space Shuttle involves 90 people in processing 200 or 300 changes to existing checklists, and building new procedures. A prototype system is discussed which stores and displays those precise sets of instructions, which include rationale and change history, by using readily available hardware. It provides a simple method of structuring the data in a form for easy undertanding and maintenance.

Hollingshead, P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

A technique for incorporating the NASA spacelab payload dedicated experiment processor software into the simulation system for the payload crew training complex

The feasibility of some off-the-shelf microprocessors and state-of-art software is assessed (1) as a development system for the principle investigator (pi) in the design of the experiment model, (2) as an example of available technology application for future PI's experiments, (3) as a system capable of being interactive in the PCTC's simulation of the dedicated experiment processor (DEP), preferably by bringing the PI's DEP software directly into the simulation model, (4) as a system having bus compatibility with host VAX simulation computers, (5) as a system readily interfaced with mock-up panels and information displays, and (6) as a functional system for post mission data analysis.

Bremmer, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Development and validation of the crew-station system-integration research facility

The various issues associated with the use of integrated flight management systems in aircraft were discussed. To address these issues a fixed base integrated flight research (IFR) simulation of a helicopter was developed to support experiments that contribute to the understanding of design criteria for rotorcraft cockpits incorporating advanced integrated flight management systems. A validation experiment was conducted that demonstrates the main features of the facility and the capability to conduct crew/system integration research.

Nedell, B.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Space Station crew interface specifications and standards

NASA's Space Station Human Productivity and Man/System Integration Standards programs are described. The data collection methodologies and analyses utilized in the productivity study are examined. The study reveals that attention to habitability is required in order to maximize human productivity for on-orbit operations. The nine program tasks used to develop standards for man/system integration are discussed.

Geer, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Astronaut crew performance - Recent space experience

The performance and productivity of astronauts in space are studied. The effects of the space and spacecraft environments, man/machine interaction, work-rest cycles, and psychological factors on man's performance in space are examined. The objectives of the Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab programs and the performance data collected on these missions are analyzed.

Santy, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Studying flight crew behavior: A social psychologist encounters the real world

Considerable social psychological research has been conducted on the relationship between personality and performance in various occupational settings. Of special interest are situations where the performer is under pressure or the consequences of poor performance can be serious, as in aircraft operation. Some significant findings are summarized, including those related to Type A personality factors, achievement motivation factors, and attitude factors. Future research should focus on group behavior.

Helmreich, Robert L.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Artificial intelligence for Space Station automation: Crew safety, productivity, autonomy, augmented capability

Artificial intelligence (AI) R&D projects for the successful and efficient operation of the Space Station are described. The book explores the most advanced AI-based technologies, reviews the results of concept design studies to determine required AI capabilities, details demonstrations that would indicate the existence of these capabilities, and develops an R&D plan leading to such demonstrations. Particular attention is given to teleoperation and robotics, sensors, expert systems, computers, planning, and man-machine interface.

Firschein, O.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Recent Space Shuttle crew compartment design improvements

Significant design changes to the Space Shuttle waste management system (WMS) and its related personal hygiene support provisions (PHSP) have been made recently to improve overall operational performance and human factors interfaces. The WMS design improvements involve increased urinal flow, individual urinals, and provisions for manually compacting feces and cleanup materials to ensure adequate mission capacity. The basic arrangement and stowage of the PHSP used during waste management operations were extensively changed to better serve habitability concerns and operations needs, and to improve the hygiene of WMS operations. This paper describes these changes and the design, development, and flight test evaluation. In addition, provisions for an eighth crewmember and a new four-tier sleep station are described.

Goodman, Jerry R.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Hypervelocity Technology (HVT) crew escape

Conceptual designs are being investigated for escape systems applicable to hypervelocity technology class aerospace vehicles. The concepts selected for further development will provide survivable escape and recovery throughout all phases of flight. Sixteen conceptual escape systems were identified, of which two were viable. The study vehicles included a horizontally launched vehicle (HLV) and a vertically launched vehicle (VLV). Computer-aided design models of the candidate escape systems were developed. State-of-the-art or near-term enabling technologies were identified in such areas as propulsion, life support, thermal protection, and deceleration.

Jines, Lanny A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Crew interface with windshear systems

A review is given of the areas within Boeing that are working on the NASA contract to conduct windshear studies. A synopsis is given of the work that Boeing Flight Deck Research is doing. A short review of nuisance and alerts is given in light of upcoming forward look technology.

Carbaugh, Dave↗
NASA NTRS1989

Transonic aerodynamic characteristics of a proposed Assured Crew Return Capability (ACRC) lifting-body configuration

The investigation was conducted in the Calspan 8-Ft Transonic wind tunnel at Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.2. The 0.07-scale model had a low aspect ratio body with a flat undersurface. A center fin and two tip fins were mounted on the aft upper body. The tip fins were rolled outboard 40 deg from the vertical. Elevon surfaces made up the trailing edges of the outboard fins and body flaps were located on the upper and lower aft fuselage. Results of the investigation indicated that the model was longitudinally and laterally stable about a center-of-gravity position of 0.54 body length. The maximum trimmed lift-drag ratio was about 3.1 at M = 0.6. The small center fin contributed only a small positive increment to lateral stability but was effective as a yaw control device. Protuberances on the forebody had little effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the configuration. The model with pitch controls undeflected had desirable longitudinal trim characteristics.

Ware, George M.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Physiological adaptation - Crew health in space

The experiments planned for the Spacelab Life Sciences-1 (SLS-1) Shuttle mission, which is dedicated to investigating biomedical issues pertinent to the man's presence in space, are discussed. The areas of research will include human and animal experiments concerned with the cardiovascular system, the vestibular apparatus, and metabolic experiments related to renal endocrine function, hematology, immune system, and muscle and bone/calcium metabolism, with particular attention given to the physiological complications resulting from short-duration space flight and subsequent return to the 1-G environment. The hardware systems to be used on the SLS-1 mission represent prototypes of systems to be developed for the medical and research facilities of the Space Station. The results of the experiments will be used to address issues related to long-duration space flight required for the Space Station and interplanetary travels.

Brand, Susan↗