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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Status of the development and testing of in-vessel and ECH-protection components for the ITER low-field side reflectometer

The ITER Low-Field Side Reflectometer (LFSR) is a critical diagnostic system designed to measure edge electron density profiles, fluctuations, and plasma rotation in ITER. This paper presents the latest developments in the design, testing, and validation of key in-vessel and Electron Cyclotron Heating (ECH) protection components. The LFSR antenna array has been optimized to provide robust coverage over expected plasma vertical displacements and a Doppler measurement for plasma rotation. Further, a comprehensive assessment of a 170-GHz diffraction grating and a novel stray-ECH power monitor demonstrates effectiveness in mitigating the impact of stray ECH power on sensitive microwave electronics. Additionally, an advancement in anti-reflective technology for millimeter waves significantly improves transmission of LFSR's vacuum window while meeting ITER's stringent safety and operational requirements. These results support the continued integration of LFSR into ITER, ensuring its diagnostic capabilities remain resilient under reactor-relevant conditions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Status of ProtoDUNE Dual Phase

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will use a large liquid argon (LAr) detector consisting of four modules each with a fiducial mass of 10 ktons of LAr. One of the technology options for the far detector modules is a liquid-argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) working in Dual Phase mode. A large demonstrator, called ProtoDUNE Dual-Phase, with a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 (300t) active volume, is currently under-construction at the CERN neutrino platform. As well as being the engineering prototype of a Far Detector module, it will also demonstrate the concept of a very large Dual-Phase LAr TPC. The design of the TPC including the fabrication, testing, installation and commissioning of the various detector components is outlined.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Status of the Project 8 Phase II

The Project 8 collaboration aims to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale using cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy on the beta decay of tritium. The second phase of the project will measure a continuous spectrum of molecular tritium beta decays and extract the tritium endpoint value with an eV or sub-eV scale precision. Monoenergetic electrons emitted by gaseous $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr atoms are used to determine the relationship between cyclotron frequency and electron energy. This study allows us to optimize both the event reconstruction algorithm and the hardware configuration, in preparation for measuring the tritium beta decay spectrum. Phase II will benefit from a gas system of krypton and tritium that will allow measurement and offline correction for magnetic field fluctuations. We present the recent progress in understanding the electron kinematics and implementing the magnetic field calibration.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Theoretical status of ε '/ε

We briefly overview the historical controversy around Standard Model predictions of ε '/ε and clarify the underlying physics. A full update of this important observable is presented, with all known short- and long-distance contributions, including isospin-breaking corrections. The current Standard Model prediction, Re(ε '/ε) = (14 ± 5) centerdot 10 –4 [1, 2], is in excellent agreement with the experimentally measured value.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

PIBHI 2025: status and perspectives of ECR ion sources

The article summarizes the discussions held during the PIBHI 2025 workshop (https://agenda.infn.it/e/pibhi2025) highlighting the most significant points to have emerged. The main goal of the workshop was to foster dialogue on topics relevant to the ECR ion sources (ECRIS) community through dedicated and thematic round tables. The outcomes of these discussions are outlined below, with particular focus on the remaining open questions in the field.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2016

The Muon g-2 Experiment overview and status as of June 2016

The Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab will measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to a precision of 140 parts per billion, which is a factor of four improvement over the previous E821 measurement at Brookhaven. The experiment will also extend the search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the muon by approximately two orders of magnitude, with a sensitivity down to 10 -21 e.cm. Both of these measurements are made by combining a precise measurement of the 1.45T storage ring magnetic field with an analysis of the modulation of the decay rate of higher-energy positrons (from anti-muons), recorded by 24 calorimeters and 3 straw tracking detectors. Furthermore, the recent progress in the alignment of the electrostatic quadrapole plates and the trolley rails inside the vacuum chambers, and in establishing the uniform storage ring magnetic field will be described.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

The DarkSide experiment: Present status and future

Here, DarkSide is a multi-stage program devoted to direct searches of Dark Matter particles with detectors based on double phase liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The DarkSide-50 setup is running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. First it was operated with Atmospheric Argon and during that run (1422 ± 67) kg×d of truly background-free exposure has been accumulated. Obtained data made it possible to set a 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10 –44 cm 2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c 2 ). Presently the detector is filled with Underground Argon, which is depleted in 39 Ar by a factor of (1.4 ± 0.2)×10 3 with respect to Atmospheric Argon. Acquired so far (2616 ± 43) kg×d (71 live days) in combination with the data from the Atmospheric Argon run give us the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 2.0×10 –44 cm 2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c 2 . Up to date this is the best limit obtained with an argon target.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

CMS event processing multi-core efficiency status

In 2015, CMS was the first LHC experiment to begin using a multi-threaded framework for doing event processing. This new framework utilizes Intel’s Thread Building Block library to manage concurrency via a task based processing model. During the 2015 LHC run period, CMS only ran reconstruction jobs using multiple threads because only those jobs were sufficiently thread efficient. Recent work now allows simulation and digitization to be thread efficient. In addition, during 2015 the multi-threaded framework could run events in parallel but could only use one thread per event. Work done in 2016 now allows multiple threads to be used while processing one event. In this presentation we will show how these recent changes have improved CMS’s overall threading and memory efficiency and we will discuss work to be done to further increase those efficiencies.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Status and New Results for the sPHENIX Calorimeter Systems

Here, the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC is planning a major upgrade that involves building an entirely new spectrometer, sPHENIX, that is based around the former BaBar solenoid magnet which will enable a comprehensive study of jets and heavy quarkonia in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It will include two new calorimeter systems, one electromagnetic and one hadronic, that will cover an acceptance of ±1.1 units in pseudorapidity and 2π in azimuth. The hadronic calorimeter will be a steel plate scintillating tile design that is read out with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers. It will be divided into two sections: one (the Inner HCAL) will be situated inside the magnet and the other (the Outer HCAL) will be outside the magnet. The electromagnetic calorimeter will be a SPACAL design consisting of a tungsten powder epoxy matrix absorber with embedded scintillating fibers which are also read out with silicon photomultipliers. The design of sPHENIX and its calorimeter systems has made considerable progress over the past several years and is described in this paper. Prototypes of all three calorimeters were built and tested in the test beam at Fermilab in April of 2016, and the first preliminary results from this test, along with a comparison to Monte Carlo simulations, are also discussed.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

Design, status and test of the Mu2e crystal calorimeter

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab searches for the charged-lepton flavor violating neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The dynamics of such a process is well modeled by a two-body decay, resulting in a monoenergetic electron with an energy slightly below the muon rest mass (104.967 MeV). The calorimeter of this experiment plays an important role to provide excellent particle identification capabilities and an online trigger filter while aiding the track reconstruction capabilities. The baseline calorimeter configuration consists of two disks each made with ~700 undoped CsI crystals read out by two large area UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers. Furthermore, these crystals match the requirements for stability of response, high resolution and radiation hardness. In this paper we present the final calorimeter design.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Electron lenses in RHIC: status and prospects

Two electron lenses are installed in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). They were used as operational head-on beam-beam compensators in proton-proton collisions, with Gaussian transverse electron beam profiles. One of the lenses was also used with a hollow transverse profile to test hadron beam halo removal under various conditions. Although presently not in the design, the lenses may find applications in the Electron-ion Collider (EIC) for either collimation or beam-beam mitigation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Development and construction status of the Mu2e electromagnetic calorimeter mechanical structures

Abstract The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the CLFV neutrino-less coherent conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The observation of this process would be the evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Mu2e comprises a straw-tracker, an electromagnetic calorimeter and an external veto for cosmic rays. The calorimeter provides electron identification, a fast trigger and aids track reconstruction. It is a state-of-the-art crystal calorimeter and employs 1340 pure CsI crystals readout by UV-extended SiPM and fast electronics. The design consists of two identical annular disks positioned at the relative distance of 70 cm downstream the target.The hostile Mu2e conditions (total ionizing dose of 12 krad and a neutron fluence of 5 × 10 10 n/cm 2 @ 1 MeVeq (Si)/y, 1 T magnetic field and vacuum level of 10 −4 Torr) posed tight constraints on the mechanical structures and materials choice. The support structure of the two crystal matrices employs two aluminum hollow rings and parts made of open-cell vacuum-compatible carbon fiber. SiPMs and front-end electronics for each crystal are assembled in one mechanical unit inserted in a machined copper holder. The units are supported by a plate made of vacuum-compatible material. The plate integrates the cooling system made of a network of copper lines flowing a low temperature fluid and placed in thermal contact with the copper holders. The DAQ is hosted in aluminum crates positioned on the lateral surface of the disks. The crates also integrate the DAQ electronics cooling system. We review the constraints on the calorimeter structures design, the development of all the structural components, including the simulations that have determined the materials and technological choices and the specifications of the cooling station, components production and quality assurance tests, the procedures for detector assembly, transportation and installation in the experimental area.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2023

GEM detectors for the CMS endcap muon system: status of three new detector stations

The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC, or Phase-2 LHC) will deliver proton-proton collisions at 5–7.5 times the nominal LHC luminosity, with an expected number of 140–200 pp-interactions per bunch crossing (Pile-up or PU). To maintain the performance of muon triggering and reconstruction under high background, the forward part of the Muon Spectrometer of the CMS experiment will be upgraded with Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) and improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) detectors. A first GEM station (GE1/1) was installed during Long Shutdown 2 (LS2, 2019–2021), a 2 nd station (GE2/1) of Triple-GEM detectors will be installed in winter 2023–24 and 2024–25, while a new 6-layer station (ME0) will be installed in the third Long Shutdown (LS3, 2026–2028). GE11 is considered an early Phase-2 upgrade as it will reduce the p T threshold by combining GEM and Cathode Strip Chamber (CSC) hits in the forward muon system at twice the LHC design luminosity ($\mathcal{L}$ = 2 · 10 34 cm -2 s -1 , 50 PU). After a successful start of Run-3 in 2022, with almost 40 fb -1 collected, the commissioning of the GE1/1 detector is nearly complete. Most chambers are operated stably with an efficiency in excess of 95%, next being the demonstration of the combined CSC-GEM trigger in 2023. The lessons learnt with the first large-area GEM station have lead to improvements in detector and electronics design for the Phase 2 detectors GE2/1 and ME0. This proceeding will discuss the progress made since last MPGD Conference (MPGD 2019), discussing the commissioning and early performance of GE1/1; the design improvements and start of construction of GE2/1; and the R&D currently ongoing for ME0.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗