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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,567 records · Page 87
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2004

Power Actuation and Switching Module Development

The Deep Space Avionics (DSA) Project is developing a Power Actuation and Switching Module (PASM). This component enables a modular and scalable design approach for power switching applications, which can result in a wide variety of power switching architectures using this simple building block. The PASM is designed to provide most of the necessary power switching functions of spacecraft for various Deep Space missions including future missions to Mars, comets, Jupiter and its moons. It is fabricated using an A SIC process that is tolerant of high radiation. The development includes two application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and support circuitry all packaged using High Density Interconnect (HDI) technology. It can be operated in series or parallel with other PASMs, It can be used as a high-side or low-side switch and it can drive thruster valves, pyrotechnic devices such as NASA standard initiators, bus shunt resistors, and regular spacecraft component loads. Each PASM contains two independent switches with internal current limiting and over-current trip-off functions to protect the power subsystem from load faults. During turnon and turnoff each switch can limit the rate of current change (di/dt) to a value determined by the user. Threeway majority-voted On/Off commandability and full switch status telemetry (both analog and digital) are built into the module. This paper describes the development process used to design, model, fabricate, and test these compact and versatile power switches. Preliminary test results from prototype HDI PASM hardware are also discussed.

Power Actuation and Switching Module (PASM)↗
NASA NTRS2002

Interferometer real time control development for SIM

This paper provides an overview of the architecture, design, integration, and test of the SIM flight interferometer real time control to meet challenging flight system requirements for the high processor throughput, low-latency interconnect, and precise synchronization to support microarcsecond-level astrometric measurements for greater than five years at 1 AU in Earth-trailing orbit.

real↗
DOE OSTI2019

Advanced Power Electronics Designs - Reliability and Prognostics

The electrical interconnection and isolation design aspects within an inverter must also provide high thermal performance and thermomechanical reliability. In collaboration with ORNL, DuPont, and Indiana Integrated Circuits (IIC), NREL is evaluating new packaging materials and manufacturing techniques for wide-bandgap-based traction inverters. Thermal modeling and experimental evaluation revealed that an organic direct-bond-copper (ODBC) substrate has similar thermal resistance to traditional ceramic substrates. High-temperature thermal cycling has shown the ODBC substrates to have greater reliability than ceramic substrates which is a significant finding in the quest for low-cost, power-dense, high-temperature power electronics. IIC's direct chip-to-chip topside electrical connection will be attached to ODBC substrates and reliability evaluation for both technologies will be performed at NREL in Q4.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Advanced Power Electronics Designs - Reliability and Prognostics (Keystone Project 1)

The primary deliverable for this project will be to construct a power electronics package utilizing an organic electrically insulating substrate material with a direct chip-to-chip interconnect technology and demonstrate superior thermal performance and greater reliability under thermal cycling, thermal aging, vibration, power cycling, and electrical high-potential evaluation over traditional packages.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2019

Multi-layered Resilient Microgrid Networks

Distribution grid resilience, especially when the grid is under high penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), e.g. PV and energy storage, is essential to ensure the quality of electric power services. The resiliency aspect is particularly important for critical loads that typically include hospitals, police/fire stations, and national security facilities. Networks of multiple interconnected reconfigurable microgrids help to increase renewable energy penetration and may be used as basic building blocks for implementing future resilient power grids. However, this integration requires additional layers of communications, both horizontal and vertical, which may substantially increase the potential cyber attack surfaces as well as escalate risks for wide-spread malfunctions of automation systems. The Mulit-layered Resilient Microgrid Networks project is an industry-academic collaboration between ABB, Duke Energy and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) that has developed and demonstrated a cyber-physical resilient control and communication architecture for deployment of multiple microgrid networks, as well as retrofitting the existing distribution grids by increasing DER penetration levels.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Nested Microgrids for Increased Grid Resiliency

The article presents a control and communication architecture for interconnecting multiple microgrids by leveraging IEC 61850 data models with distributed energy resources (DER) extensions, IEC Common Information Model (CIM) and Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) frameworks. An example use case for planned islanding in the nested microgrid scenario is also provided.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Power Electronics Designs - Reliability and Prognostics (Keystone Project 1)

The primary deliverable for this project will be to construct a power electronics package utilizing an organic electrically insulating substrate material with a direct chip-to-chip interconnect technology and demonstrate superior thermal performance and greater reliability under thermal cycling, thermal aging, vibration, power cycling, and electrical high-potential evaluation over traditional packages.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Advanced Power Electronics Designs - Reliability and Prognostics (Keystone Project 1)

The primary deliverable for this project will be to construct a power electronics package utilizing an organic electrically insulating substrate material with a direct chip-to-chip interconnect technology and demonstrate superior thermal performance and greater reliability under thermal cycling, thermal aging, vibration, power cycling, and electrical high-potential evaluation over traditional packages.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

DuraMAT Technology Scouting Report: Assessing Module Reliability Risks Associated with Projected Technological Changes

Maintaining the reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the face of rapidly changing technology is critical to maximizing solar energy's contribution to global decarbonization. Our presentation describes expected changes in PV technology and their impacts on performance and reliability. We leverage PV market reports, interviews with PV researchers and other industry stakeholders, and peer-reviewed literature to narrow the multitude of possible changes into a manageable set of 11 impactful trends likely to be incorporated in near-term crystalline-silicon module designs. We group the trends into four categories (module architecture, interconnect technologies, bifacial modules, and cell technology) and explore the drivers behind the changes, their interactions, and associated reliability risks and benefits. Our analysis identifies specific areas that would benefit from accelerating the PV reliability learning cycle, to assess emerging module products and designs more accurately. We recommend that researchers continue tracking module technologies and their reliability implications so efforts can be focused on the most impactful trends. As the rapid technological turnover continues, it is also critical to incorporate fundamental knowledge into models that can predict module reliability. Predictive capabilities complete the PV reliability learning cycle-reducing the time required to assess new designs and mitigating the risks associated with large-scale deployment of new products.

bifacial↗
DOE OSTI2017

Dissolution-Assisted Pattern Formation During Olivine Carbonation

Olivine and pyroxene bearing rocks in the oceanic crust react with hydrothermal fluids producing changes in the physical characteristics and behaviors of the altered rocks. Notably, these reactions tend to increase solid volume, reducing pore volume, permeability and available reactive surface area; yet, entirely hydrated and/or carbonated rocks are commonly observed in the field. We investigate the evolution of porosity and permeability of fractured dunites reacted with CO 2 -rich solutions in laboratory experiments. The alteration of crack surfaces changes the mechanical and transport properties of the bulk samples. Analysis of three-dimensional microstructural data shows that although precipitation of secondary minerals causes the total porosity of the sample to decrease, an interconnected network of porosity is maintained through channelized dissolution and coupled carbonate precipitation. Lastly, the observed microstructure appears to be the result of chemo-mechanical coupling, which may provide a mechanism of porosity maintenance without the need to invoke reaction-driven cracking.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Extreme-value statistics reveal rare failure-critical defects in additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing enables the rapid, cost effective production of large populations of material test coupons such as tensile bars. By adopting streamlined test methods including ‘drop-in’ grips and non-contact extensometry, testing these large populations becomes more efficient. Unlike hardness tests, the tensile test provides a direct measure of yield strength, flow properties, and ductility, which can be directly incorporated into solid mechanics simulations. In the present work, over 1000 nominally identical tensile tests were used to explore the effect of process variability on the mechanical property distributions of a precipitation hardened stainless steel, 17-4PH, produced by a laser powder bed fusion process, also known as direct metal laser sintering. With this large dataset, rare defects are revealed that affect only ~2% of the population, stemming from a single build lot of material. Lastly, the rare defects caused a substantial loss in ductility and were associated with an interconnected network of porosity.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Acetabular Cup with a Trabecular Coating: A Novel Approach to a Monolithic Cup Made of One High-Strength Ceramic Material

An advanced monolithic cup comprising a thin liner and a trabecular coating is a promising alternative to the current modular ceramic cups for hip replacements because it can be anchored directly to the human bone and features larger femoral heads allowing a greater range of motion. In this study, the authors propose a fabrication route for an advanced monolithic cup of only one high-strength ceramic material by joining a partially sintered liner and a coating with a ceramic paste as an intermediate layer and subsequent sintering. Therefore, the challenge here is to avoid the formation of defects at the coating/intermediate layer interfaces during classical sintering which is due to compressive tension constrained coating sintering in the initial sintering stages. In this study, the defect formation is minimized by sintering at constant low shrinkage rates, as this results in favorable compressive stresses in the coating in the initial sintering stages and a decrease in the differences in the densification rates. For the first time, by using the proposed route, the authors prepare an advanced monolithic cup of only alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) that contains a coating with a porosity of 50 vol% and interconnected pores between 150 and 450 μm, as required for bone-ingrowth.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Unraveling the Highly Plastic Behavior of ALD-Aluminum Oxide Encapsulations by Small-Scale Tensile Testing

We present a study directly measuring the electron-beam-induced plasticity of amorphous Al 2 O 3 coatings. Core–shell nanostructures are employed as small-scale model systems for two-dimensional coatings made by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Copper nanowires (NWs) are used as substrates for ALD deposition, representing a model system for interconnects commonly found in integrated circuits. Experiments are performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further analyzed with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Our in situ TEM tensile experiments reveal the highly plastic behavior of the ALD shell, which withstands a maximum strain of 188%. Comparable samples under beam-off conditions show a brittle fracture, which underlines the effect of electron irradiation. The electron-beam-activated bond switching within the amorphous network enables compensation of the applied tensile strain, leading to viscous flow. By incorporating an intermediate nanocrystalline layer within the Al 2 O 3 shell, the plasticity is suppressed and brittle fracture occurs. This work directly demonstrates the tuning of mechanical properties in amorphous ALD structures through electron irradiation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Guided Formation of 3D Helical Mesostructures by Mechanical Buckling: Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation

3D helical mesostructures are attractive for applications in a broad range of microsystem technologies due to their mechanical and electromagnetic properties as stretchable interconnects, radio frequency antennas, and others. Controlled compressive buckling of 2D serpentine-shaped ribbons provides a strategy to formation of such structures in wide ranging classes of materials (from soft polymers to brittle inorganic semiconductors) and length scales (from nanometer to centimeter), with an ability for automated, parallel assembly over large areas. The underlying relations between the helical configurations and fabrication parameters require a relevant theory as the basis of design for practical applications. In this work, an analytic model of compressive buckling in serpentine microstructures is presented based on the minimization of total strain energy that results from various forms of spatially dependent deformations. Experiments at micro- and millimeter scales, together with finite element analyses, have been exploited to examine the validity of developed model. The theoretical analyses shed light on general scaling laws in terms of three groups of fabrication parameters (related to loading, material, and 2D geometry), including a negligible effect of material parameters and a square root dependence of primary displacements on the compressive strain. Furthermore, analytic solutions were obtained for the key physical quantities (e.g., displacement, curvature and maximum strain). A demonstrative example illustrates how to leverage the analytic solutions in choosing the various design parameters, such that brittle fracture or plastic yield can be avoided in the assembly process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Negative Charge Confined Amine Carriers within the Nanowire Network for Stable and Efficient Membrane Carbon Capture

Membrane-based carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture has attracted great research interest owing to its potential for higher separation efficiency and lower energy consumption. However, it is still a challenging task to capture CO 2 with membrane from flue gas, especially under moderate-temperature and high-humidity conditions. Here, a stable CO 2 -selective membrane that can operate at temperatures up to 90 °C and under high humidity is reported. The positively charged amine carriers for CO 2 are confined within the negatively charged polymer modified carbon nanotube (CNT) network. In this structure, interconnected CNTs act as the framework for the selective layer and provide numerous nanochannels for gas transport. The negatively charged polymer ensures the carrier stability and further regulates the size of nanochannels in the CNT network. By virtue of carrier-facilitated transport, high CO 2 permeance (up to 3300 gas permeation units) and high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (400) are achieved under simulated flue gas conditions. Moreover, theoretical calculations verify that the stable separation performance is due to the strong electrostatic interaction between the amine carriers and polymer matrix. The high performance and good stability indicate the great potential of this novel membrane structure for practical application in CO 2 capture.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗