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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,567 records · Page 87

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS2016

Dynamic Modeling from Flight Data with Unknown Time Skews

A method for estimating dynamic model parameters from flight data with unknown time skews is described and demonstrated. The method combines data reconstruction, nonlinear optimization, and equation-error parameter estimation in the frequency domain to accurately estimate both dynamic model parameters and the relative time skews in the data. Data from a nonlinear F-16 aircraft simulation with realistic noise, instrumentation errors, and arbitrary time skews were used to demonstrate the approach. The approach was further evaluated using flight data from a subscale jet transport aircraft, where the measured data were known to have relative time skews. Comparison of modeling results obtained from time-skewed and time-synchronized data showed that the method accurately estimates both dynamic model parameters and relative time skew parameters from flight data with unknown time skews.

Morelli, Eugene A.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Control of large space antennas based on electromagnetic-structural models

A general approach to the optimal control of large space antennas based on their RF/structural characteristics is described. The approach consists of defining a cost functional based on the degradation of the RF performance of the antenna and using the structural model as the dynamic system. The method is applied to the design of an optimal controller for a 55-m, wrap-rib offset-fed antenna. The controller's goal is to minimize the variations of the peak electric field of the antenna due to feed displacements.

Hamidi, M.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Use of electromagnetic models in the optimal control of large space antennas

A general approach to the optimal control of large space antennas based on their RF/structural characteristics is described. The approach consists of defining a cost functional based on the degradation of the RF performance of the antenna and using the structural model as the dynamic system. The method is applied to the design of an optimal controller for a 55-m, wrap-rib offset-fed antenna. Simulation results show that control energy consumption is reduced to aproximately one third of the energy used to achieve the same RF performance with traditional control strategies.

Manshadi, F.↗

NASA NTRS1989

General approach and scope

This paper describes a joint activity involving NASA and Army researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center to develop optimization procedures aimed at improving the rotor blade design process by integrating appropriate disciplines and accounting for all of the important interactions among the disciplines. The disciplines involved include rotor aerodynamics, rotor dynamics, rotor structures, airframe dynamics, and acoustics. The work is focused on combining these five key disciplines in an optimization procedure capable of designing a rotor system to satisfy multidisciplinary design requirements. Fundamental to the plan is a three-phased approach. In phase 1, the disciplines of blade dynamics, blade aerodynamics, and blade structure will be closely coupled, while acoustics and airframe dynamics will be decoupled and be accounted for as effective constraints on the design for the first three disciplines. In phase 2, acoustics is to be integrated with the first three disciplines. Finally, in phase 3, airframe dynamics will be fully integrated with the other four disciplines. This paper deals with details of the phase 1 approach and includes details of the optimization formulation, design variables, constraints, and objective function, as well as details of discipline interactions, analysis methods, and methods for validating the procedure.

Adelman, Howard M.↗

NASA NTRS1986

Nearly-grazing optimal trajectories for aeroassisted orbital transfer

In the present treatment of optimal control problems arising in the study of coplanar aeroassisted orbital transfer, the hybrid combination of propulsive parameters in space and aerodynamic maneuvers employing lift modulation in the sensible atmosphere indicates that the optimal energy-viewpoint solution is the grazing trajectory; this trajectory is characterized by favorable values of the peak heating rate and the peak dynamic pressure. Numerical solutions are obtained by means of the sequential gradient restoration algorithm for optimal control problems. It is found that nearly-grazing trajectories yielding the least-square value of the path inclination have desirable characteristics from the standpoints of energy, heating rate, and dynamic pressure.

Miele, A.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Molecular dynamics simulation of metallic Al–Ce liquids using a neural network machine learning interatomic potential

Al-rich Al-Ce alloys have the possibility of replacing heavier steel and cast-irons for use in high-temperature applications. Knowledge about the structures and properties of Al-Ce alloys at liquid state is vital for optimizing the manufacture process to produce desired allows. However, reliable molecular dynamics simulation of Al-Ce alloy systems remains a great challenge due to the lack of accurate Al-Ce interatomic potential. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) deep machine learning (ML) method is used to develop a reliable interatomic potential for Al-Ce alloy. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation data on Al-Ce liquid with small unit cell (~200 atoms) and on the known Al-Ce crystalline compounds are collected to train the interatomic potential using ANN-ML. The obtained ANN-ML model reproduces well the energies, forces, and atomic structure of Al 90 Ce 10 liquid and crystalline phases of Al-Ce compounds in comparison with ab initio results. The developed ANN-ML potential is applied in molecular dynamics simulations to study the structures and properties of metallic Al 90 Ce 10 liquid, which would provide useful insight for guiding experimental process to produce desired Al-Ce allows.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS2001

A "Kane's Dynamics" Model for the Active Rack Isolation System

Many microgravity space science experiments require vibratory acceleration levels unachievable without active isolation. The Boeing Corporation's Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS) employs a novel combination of magnetic actuation and mechanical linkages to address these isolation requirements on the International Space Station (ISS). ARIS provides isolation at the rack (International Standard Payload Rack (ISPR)) level. Effective model-based vibration isolation requires: (1) an appropriate isolation device, (2) an adequate dynamic (i.e., mathematical) model of that isolator, and (3) a suitable, corresponding controller. ARIS provides the ISS response to the first requirement. This paper presents one response to the second, in a state space framework intended to facilitate an optimal-controls approach to the third. The authors use "Kane's Dynamics" to develop a state-space, analytical (algebraic) set of linearized equations of motion for ARIS.

Hampton, R. D.↗

DOE OSTI2022

A new dynamic zOnal model with air-diffuser (DOMA) - Application to thermal comfort prediction

A new Dynamic zOnal Model with Air-diffuser (DOMA) was developed. Several case studies were investigated and tested to evaluate and validate this program using measurement data. This new model was integrated into a TRaNsient SYstems Simulation program library and coupled with the multi-zone thermal model. The DOMA/TRNSYS coupled model was then used to predict room temperature distribution over an entire day of a single-zone building. The results show that increasing the heating outputs of the electric floor system, for example, from 75 to 200 W/m 2 , would not effectively improve the indoor thermal comfort, since the thermostat will reach the set point first and then turn off the system before the room gets enough heat and reach a comfortable level. This indicates the importance of selecting an appropriate location and set point for the thermostat when using a floor heating system. This potential thermal comfort issue can only be identified through the two-node model with a dynamic zonal model rather than the conventional PMV model, which thus suggests that for optimizing indoor thermal comfort of a building equipped with a time-sensitive control strategy and/or HVAC system, the TSENS results obtained from the two-node model integrated with DOMA are more appropriate than PMVs.

Construction & Building Technology↗

NASA NTRS2003

Fuel Injector Design Optimization for an Annular Scramjet Geometry

A four-parameter, three-level, central composite experiment design has been used to optimize the configuration of an annular scramjet injector geometry using computational fluid dynamics. The computational fluid dynamic solutions played the role of computer experiments, and response surface methodology was used to capture the simulation results for mixing efficiency and total pressure recovery within the scramjet flowpath. An optimization procedure, based upon the response surface results of mixing efficiency, was used to compare the optimal design configuration against the target efficiency value of 92.5%. The results of three different optimization procedures are presented and all point to the need to look outside the current design space for different injector geometries that can meet or exceed the stated mixing efficiency target.

Steffen, Christopher J., Jr.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Battery Electric Vehicle Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control in the Vicinity of Signalized Intersections

This study develops a connected eco-driving controller for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the BEV Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control at Intersections (Eco-CACC-I). The developed controller can assist BEVs while traversing signalized intersections with minimal energy consumption. The calculation of the optimal vehicle trajectory is formulated as an optimization problem under the constraints of (1) vehicle acceleration/deceleration behavior, defined by a vehicle dynamics model; (2) vehicle energy consumption behavior, defined by a BEV energy consumption model; and (3) the relationship between vehicle speed, location, and signal timing, defined by vehicle characteristics and signal phase and timing (SPaT) data shared under a connected vehicle environment. The optimal speed trajectory is computed in real-time by the proposed BEV eco-CACC-I controller, so that a BEV can follow the optimal speed while negotiating a signalized intersection. The proposed BEV controller was tested in a case study to investigate its performance under various speed limits, roadway grades, and signal timings. In addition, a comparison of the optimal speed trajectories for BEVs and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) was conducted to investigate the impact of vehicle engine types on eco-driving solutions. Lastly, the proposed controller was implemented in microscopic traffic simulation software to test its networkwide performance. The test results from an arterial corridor with three signalized intersections demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively reduce stop-and-go traffic in the vicinity of signalized intersections and that the BEV Eco-CACC-I controller produces average savings of 9.3% in energy consumption and 3.9% in vehicle delays.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2023

gLaSDI: Parametric physics-informed greedy latent space dynamics identification

A parametric adaptive physics-informed greedy Latent Space Dynamics Identification (gLaSDI) method is proposed for accurate, efficient, and robust data-driven reduced-order modeling of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems. In the proposed gLaSDI framework, an autoencoder discovers intrinsic nonlinear latent representations of high-dimensional data, while dynamics identification (DI) models capture local latent-space dynamics. Here, an interactive training algorithm is adopted for the autoencoder and local DI models, which enables identification of simple latent-space dynamics and enhances accuracy and efficiency of data-driven reduced-order modeling. To maximize and accelerate the exploration of the parameter space for the optimal model performance, an adaptive greedy sampling algorithm integrated with a physics-informed residual-based error indicator and random-subset evaluation is introduced to search for the optimal training samples on the fly. Further, to exploit local latent-space dynamics captured by the local DI models for an improved modeling accuracy with a minimum number of local DI models in the parameter space, a -nearest neighbor convex interpolation scheme is employed. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated by modeling various nonlinear dynamical problems, including Burgers equations, nonlinear heat conduction, and radial advection. The proposed adaptive greedy sampling outperforms the conventional predefined uniform sampling in terms of accuracy. Compared with the high-fidelity models, gLaSDI achieves 17 to 2,658× speed-up with 1 to 5% relative errors.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS1978

Minimum energy control of a class of electrically driven vehicles

Theoretical and experimental results are obtained in the investigation of a minimum energy control problem associated with a class of electrically driven vehicles. Analytical results are obtained by making several justifiable approximations in the dynamical equations of the plant, the performance index of which is related to the minimization of system energy consumption for any required control action. The control problem of interest is simplified and solved by using Bellman's invariant imbedding technique. The optimality of the resulting control law is compared with those of the bang-bang control law, which is the exact solution for the case of speed-setting control action, and the classical control laws under identical conditions. A stochastic optimization problem is then formulated and solved by using Bellman's dynamic programming technique. The resulting control law is mechanized for a particular vehicle configuration which is simulated in the laboratory.

Sahinkaya, Y. E.↗

NASA NTRS1999

A "Kanes's Dynamics" Model for the Active Rack Isolation System

Many microgravity space-science experiments require vibratory acceleration levels unachievable without active isolation. The Boeing Corporation's Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS) employs a novel combination of magnetic actuation and mechanical linkages, to address these isolation requirements on the International Space Station (ISS). ARIS provides isolation at the rack (international Standard Payload Rack, or ISPR) level. Effective model-based vibration isolation requires (1) an appropriate isolation device, (2) an adequate dynamic (i.e., mathematical) model of that isolator, and (3) a suitable, corresponding controller. ARIS provides the ISS response to the first requirement. This paper presents one response to the second, in a state-space framework intended to facilitate an optimal-controls approach to the third. The authors use "Kane's Dynamics" to develop an state-space, analytical (algebraic) set of linearized equations of motion for ARIS.

Hampton, R. David↗

NASA NTRS1992

Control-structure interaction

The feasibility of using conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and an alternative optimal control to perform the pointing and tracking functions of the Space Station solar dynamic power module is investigated. A very large state model of 6 rigid body modes and 272 flexible modes is used in conjunction with classical linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) optimal control to produce a full-order controller that satisfies the requirements. The results are compared with a classically designed PID controller that was implemented for a much smaller (6 rigid body, 40 flexible modes) model. The conventional control design approach is shown to be very much influenced by the order reduction of the plant model, i.e., the number of retained elastic modes from the full-order model, suggesting that for a complex, large space structure, such as the Space Station Freedom solar dynamic module, application of conventional control system design methods may not be adequate. The use of LQG control is recommended, and method for solving the large matrix. Riccati equation that arises from the optimal formulation is provided.

Cheng, Joseph K.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Multi-tool optimization for computer controlled optical surfacing

With the rapid development of precision technologies, the demand of high-precision optical surfaces has drastically increased. These optical surfaces are mainly fabricated with computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS). In a CCOS process, a target surface removal profile is achieved by scheduling the dwell time for a set of machine tools. The optimized dwell time should be positive and smooth to ensure convergence to the target while considering CNC dynamics. The total run time of each machine tool is also expected to be balanced to improve the overall processing efficiency. In the past few decades, dwell time optimization for a single machine tool has been extensively developed. While the methods are applicable to multi-tool scenarios, they fail to consider the overall contributions of multiple tools simultaneously. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on the strategies for multi-tool dwell time optimization and propose an innovative method for simultaneously scheduling dwell time for multiple tools for the first time. First, the influential factors to the positiveness and smoothness of dwell time solutions for a single machine tool are analyzed. The compensation strategies that minimize the residual while considering the CNC dynamics limit are then proposed. Afterwards, these strategies are extended to the proposed multi-tool optimization that further balances the run time of machine tools. Finally, the superiority of each strategy is carefully studied via simulation and experiment. The experiment is performed by bonnet polishing a 60 mm × 60 mm mirror with three tools of different diameters ( i.e., 12 mm, 8 mm, and 5 mm). The figure error of the mirror is reduced from 45.42 nm to 11.18 nm root mean square in 13.28 min. Moreover, the measured polishing result well coincides with the estimation, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2025

Fast and High-Fidelity SNAP Gate Enabled by Optimal Control on Floquet-Engineered Systems

Superconducting cavities with high quality factors, coupled to nonlinear ancilla, provide a promising platform for quantum information storage and manipulation. However, the commonly used selective number-dependent arbitrary phase (SNAP) gate faces significant challenges in ultra-high-coherence cavities, where weak dispersive shifts result in prolonged gate times. Here, we propose a protocol to achieve high-fidelity SNAP gates that are orders of magnitude faster than the standard implementation, breaking the speed limit set by the bare dispersive shift. This enhancement is achieved by dynamically amplifying dispersive coupling via sideband interactions, followed by quantum optimal control on Floquet-engineered systems. Additionally, we present a unified perturbation theory that explains both the gate acceleration and associated benign drive-induced decoherence, corroborated by Floquet\textendash Markov simulations. These results pave the way for the experimental realization of high-fidelity control of weakly coupled, high-coherence cavities, and expanding the scope of optimal control techniques in Floquet quantum systems.

You, Xinyuan [Fermilab]↗

NASA NTRS2003

Method and system for detecting a failure or performance degradation in a dynamic system such as a flight vehicle

A method and system for detecting a failure or performance degradation in a dynamic system having sensors for measuring state variables and providing corresponding output signals in response to one or more system input signals are provided. The method includes calculating estimated gains of a filter and selecting an appropriate linear model for processing the output signals based on the input signals. The step of calculating utilizes one or more models of the dynamic system to obtain estimated signals. The method further includes calculating output error residuals based on the output signals and the estimated signals. The method also includes detecting one or more hypothesized failures or performance degradations of a component or subsystem of the dynamic system based on the error residuals. The step of calculating the estimated values is performed optimally with respect to one or more of: noise, uncertainty of parameters of the models and un-modeled dynamics of the dynamic system which may be a flight vehicle or financial market or modeled financial system.

Miller, Robert H.↗

DOE OSTI2025

Off-Equilibrium Reactivity of Boron-Enriched Metal Diboride Surfaces in Electroreduction Conditions

Boron-based materials, featuring B-dependent reactivity and diverse phases, are emerging as promising catalyst systems. However, the catalytic mechanism on many borides remains poorly understood due to complex surface reconstructions under reaction conditions. Here, we investigate the MoB 2 surface in conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media, using grand canonical global optimization, grand canonical density functional theory, ab initio molecular dynamics, free energy surface sampling, and an analytical model for electrochemical barrier evaluation. We propose a boron-enrichment strategy to tune the surface reactivity of the hexagonal face of MoB 2 . We reveal the dynamic nature of the B-enriched surface under H coverage and kinetic trapping of the system in the metastable regime with an extensive examination of the deactivation pathways. The metastable center B site on B-enriched surfaces, featuring buckled-up configuration and a usual relaxation effect, is found to be highly active toward HER via the Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism. In conclusion, this work demonstrates how off-equilibrium behaviors can arise from the interplay between adsorbate coverage and surface reconstruction on a seemingly simple surface, and we present a theoretical framework and computational workflows to address these behaviors, along with other realistic complexities, in kinetics simulations.

Adsorption↗