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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,549 records · Page 86
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1971

IMBLMS phase B4, additional tasks 5.0. Microbial identification system

A laboratory study was undertaken to provide simplified procedures leading to the presumptive identification (I/D) of defined microorganisms on-board an orbiting spacecraft. Identifications were to be initiated by nonprofessional bacteriologists, (crew members) on a contingency basis only. Key objectives/constraints for this investigation were as follows:(1) I/D procedures based on limited, defined diagnostic tests, (2) testing oriented about ten selected microorganisms, (3) provide for definitive I/D key and procedures per selected organism, (4) define possible occurrences of false positives for the resulting I/D key by search of the appropriate literature, and (5) evaluation of the I/D key and procedure through a limited field trial on randomly selected subjects using the I/D key.

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NASA NTRS1972

Development of seal ring carbon-graphite materials (tasks 5, 6, and 7)

Carbon-graphite seal ring bodies for operation at air temperatures to 1300 F(704 C) were manufactured from three select formulations. Mechanical and thermal properties, porosities, and oxidation rates were measured. The results have shown that: (1) Major property improvements anticipated from the screening studies were not realized because of processing problems associated with the scale-up in material size and probable deterioration of a phenolic resin binder; (2) the mechanical properties of a phenolic resin-bonded, carbon-graphite material can be improved by applying high pressure during carbonization; and (3) the textile form of graphite fiber used as the minor filler component in a carbon-graphite material can beneficially affect mechanical properties.

Fechter, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Development of seal ring carbon-graphite materials (tasks 8, 9, and 10)

A screening study was conducted to develop improved carbon-graphite materials for use in self-acting seals at air temperatures to 1300 F (704 C). Property measurements on materials prepared during this study have shown that: (1) The mechanical properties of a carbon-graphite material were significantly improved by using a fine milled artificial graphite filler material and including intensive mixing, warm molding, and pitch impregnation in the processing; and (2) the oxidation resistance of a carbon-graphite material was improved by including fine milled boron carbide as an oxidation-inhibiting additive. These techniques were employed to develop a material that has 10 times more oxidation resistance than that of a widely used commercial grade and mechanical properties that approach those of the commercial grade.

Fechter, N. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Design integration and noise studies for jet STOL aircraft. Task 7B: Wind tunnel investigation of a 14-percent-thick airfoil with upper surface blowing at high subsonic Mach numbers

An exploratory wind tunnel test has been conducted at Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.80 to investigate the effects of nozzle geometry and upper surface blowing on the aerodynamic characteristics of a 14-percent-thick airfoil. Measured data included lift, drag, pitching moments, surface pressures, and nozzle thrust.

Mahal, A. S.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 1: Water Depth Management, 1388

The author has identified the following significant results. ERTS-1 MSS data taken on October 10, 1972, of the Little Bahama Bank are being used to demonstrate the use of ERTS-1 data for mapping of shallow water features for the purpose of upgrading world navigation charts. Marked reflectance differences occur for the shallow water areas in bands 4, 5, and 6. Digital processing of two adjacent data tapes within the ERTS-1 frame covering an area of about 40 by 40 miles has been completed. Correlation of depth measurements to 5 meters has been successful. A mathematical model for depth measurements using ratio of voltages in band 4 and 5 has been successfully developed and is being tested for accuracy. Additional studies for areas near Puerto Rico and in northern Lake Michigan will be undertaken. Satellite data will also provide geographical evidence for verifying existence or nonexistence of doubtful shoal waters now appearing on world charts and considered to be hazardous to shipping.

Polcyn, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 3: Atmospheric Effects in ERTS-1 Data, 1410

The author has identified the following significant results. Results of crop mensuration and recognition studies in the Sacramento Valley indicate that the measurement of acreages of rice fields from ERTS-1 data can be dramatically improved by utilizing a processing technique which estimates the proportion of rice and bare soil in field boundary elements classified as corn by conventional pattern recognition techniques.

Thomson, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 4: Lake Ice Surveillance, 1406

The author has identified the following significant results. Although it is readily recognized that there is a need for ground truth to provide adequate guidance for remote sensing data interpretation, it is noted that, in terms of radar remote sensing, this ground truth is often inadequate. It is necessary to make basic electrical and physical measurements of the surface and to some depth below it. A brief outline is presented of a ground truth scheme which uses measurements of the dielectric constant. Two portable instruments were designed specifically for this purpose; these were: (1) a Q-meter for measurement of dielectric constant and loss tangent; and (2) an instrument to measure electrical properties of the two operating frequencies of the imaging radar. Although extensive data are lacking, several general cases of radar-earth surface and interaction are described; also, examples of radar imagery and some data on ice and snow are presented. It is concluded that the next logical step is to begin to quantify the radar ground truth in preparation for machine interpretation and automatic data processing of the radar imagery.

Porcello, L. J.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 6: IFYGL (lake Ontario), 1384

The author has identified the following significant results. The Lake Ontario drainage basin covers over 32,000 miles of U.S. and Canadian territory. ERTS-1 data is contributing to the comprehensive study of this basin as part of the International Field Year for the Great Lakes (IFYGL). A processing approach is described for obtaining detailed and objective synoptive synoptic information thought to be applicable to terrestrial water balance studies of such a large area. A simple ratio algorithm was tested for minimizing daily variations in ERTS-1 data and for allowing the discrimination of surface features and land use classes of hydrologic significance. These steps are necessary if ERTS-1 data is to provide the quantitative information required for the study and management of areas of regional size.

Polcyn, F. C.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 7: Image Enhancement and Advanced Information Extraction Techniques, 1385

The author has identified the following significant results. Atmospheric effects in satellite multispectral scanner data can influence results obtained with either manual image interpretation or computer information extraction techniques. The atmosphere attenuates radiation arriving from the surface and adds an extraneous path radiance component. Initial results of an investigation of atmospheric effects in ERTS-1 data are presented. Empirical analyses of ERTS-1 MSS data and simultaneous airborne MSS underflight data for one frame, along with theoretical calculations of atmospheric effects, are discussed. The effect of limited spatial resolution on the accuracy of information extracted from ERTS-1 data also is important. Problems occur when individual resolution elements contain two or more materials. Results from an initial application of Environmental Research Institute of Michigan techniques for estimating proportions of materials within individual elements are presented and discussed. Very accurate determination of surface areas of small lakes is achieved.

Malila, W. A.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 10: an ERTS Experiment for Mapping Iron Compounds, 1383

The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary results of a spectral ratioing technique are shown for a region at the southern end of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Digital ratio graymaps and analog ratio images have been produced for the test site, but ground truth is not yet available for thorough interpretation of these products. ERTS-1 analog ratio images were found generally better than either ERTS-1 single channel images or high altitude aerial photos for the discrimination of vegetation from non-vegetation in the test site region. Some linear geological features smaller than the ERTS-1 spatial resolution are seen as well in ERTS-1 ratio and single channel images as in high altitude aerial photography. Geochemical information appears to be extractable from ERTS-1 data. Good preliminary quantitative agreement between ERTS-1 derived ratios and laboratory derived reflectance ratios of rocks and minerals encourage plans to use lab data as training sets for a simple ratio gating logic approach to automatic recognition maps. Empirical atmospheric corrections indicate that atmospheric corrections are needed to make the ratio method, and possibly other types of data processing, consistent over large geographical and temporal displacements.

Vincent, R. K.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Task 2 of the ultraviolet spectrometer experiment S169

The far ultraviolet spectrometer for the Apollo 17 lunar scientific mission was constructed to meet the specific requirements and technical specifications as directed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Ebert Scanning Monochromator (UVS) was derived from extensive experience in the development of a variety of Ebert scanning monochromators for experiments aboard rockets and satellites. This equipment has the capability to make quantitative measurements of the composition of the lunar atmosphere as seen from the Apollo 17 CSM in lunar orbit, and to study the spectra of a number of astronomical sources during trans-earth coast.

Goss, M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1972

V/STOL tilt-rotor study, task 1. Volume 1: Conceptual design

A conceptual design study was conducted to define a representative military and/or commercial tilt-propeller aircraft for short takeoff and landing operation. The level of structural technology selected for the operational aircraft was based on aluminum, steel, titanium, and adhesive bonded structures. The data describe the following: (1) aircraft weight, (2) performance and stability, (3) aerodynamic noise, (4) dynamic characteristics, (5) maintainability and reliability, and (6) operating economics.

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