SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “formative process”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86

All sources NASA NTRS DOE OSTI

NASA NTRS1992

A senior manufacturing laboratory for determining injection molding process capability

The following is a laboratory experiment designed to further understanding of materials science. This subject material is directed at an upper level undergraduate/graduate student in an Engineering or Engineering Technology program. It is assumed that the student has a thorough understanding of the process and quality control. The format of this laboratory does not follow that which is normally recommended because of the nature of process capability and that of the injection molding equipment and tooling. This laboratory is instead developed to be used as a point of departure for determining process capability for any process in either a quality control laboratory or a manufacturing environment where control charts, process capability, and experimental or product design are considered important topics.

Wickman, Jerry L.↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - ADCP Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - ADV Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - Voltsys Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Voltsys rectifier data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - Shark Meter Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Shark Power Meter data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - IMU Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Yost IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

UNH TDP - Load Cell Raw Data and Processing Scripts - Fall 2021

This submission contains raw Load Cell data and processing scripts associated with MHKDR submission 394 (UNH TDP - Concurrent Measurements of Inflow, Power Performance, and Loads for a Grid-Synchronized Vertical Axis Cross-Flow Turbine Operating in a Tidal Estuary, DOI: 10.15473/1973860) from the University of New Hampshire and Atlantic Marine Energy Center (AMEC) turbine deployment platform. The user is directed to the MHKDR submission 394 for relevant context and detail of this deployment; see link below. The 394_READ_ME file here provides the description from that submission for quick reference. The READ_ME file for this specific instrument from the 394 submission is also available here. This submission contains a zipped folder structure containing raw data in its original format and MATLAB (2019a) processing scripts used to process and manipulate the data into its final form. The final data products are submitted in the 394 submission.

16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER↗

DOE OSTI2021

Evaluations of the Fates of Alkali Metals, Actinides, Mercury, and Iodine During DWPF Recycle Diversion

The fates of alkali metals, actinides, mercury, and iodine in the Defense Waste Processing Facility Recycle Diversion process (as currently conceptualized) have been evaluated through paper studies based on available knowledge of the chemistry, physical properties, solubility, and volatility of the various species involved. The effect of pH in the range from 9 to 13 has been discussed. Recommendations for additional studies to close technology gaps have been provided, many of which are contingent upon the results of pending testing and sample characterization efforts. There is uncertainty in the amounts of soluble actinides passing through the process filter, though the bulk of the actinides should be captured on the filter with the Recycle Collection Tank solids and the total amounts of actinides should be relatively low. The Recycle Collection Tank pH could impact the fraction of actinides reaching the evaporator, but the primary factors determining the actinide fate are expected to be the amount of CO 2 sorption from air sparging or, for certain actinides (such as plutonium), oxidation and/or sorption to MnO 2 solids from permanganate additions to destroy the glycolate anion. Process optimization could minimize the amounts of actinides passing the filter. Depending upon the levels of mercury observed in recycle stream samples and because of the volatility of mercury, the evaporator should be designed with the capability to remove dense mercury phases from the condensate to avoid exceeding ETP WAC limits. The facility design must be adequate to transfer dense mercury phases and testing to confirm mercury transfer is needed. Simulant containing mercury is recommended for both filtration and evaporation testing. OLI Modeling of the various recycle streams is recommended to provide insight on the fate of iodine. Iodine-spiked simulants are recommended for upcoming evaporation tests. The pro) ect should consider the likelihood and impact of NAS scale formation in the evaporators. Process optimization may be needed to minimize the accumulation of NAS scale and possibly the sorption of actinides in the evaporator. Actual waste testing of the Recycle Diversion filtration and evaporation should include the analysis of actinides, mercury, and iodine to determine their partitioning.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2022

Crystal structures reveal catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of the dual-specificity ubiquitin/FAT10 E1 enzyme Uba6

The E1 enzyme Uba6 initiates signal transduction by activating ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein FAT10 in a two-step process involving sequential catalysis of adenylation and thioester bond formation. To gain mechanistic insights into these processes, we determined the crystal structure of a human Uba6/ubiquitin complex. Two distinct architectures of the complex are observed: one in which Uba6 adopts an open conformation with the active site configured for catalysis of adenylation, and a second drastically different closed conformation in which the adenylation active site is disassembled and reconfigured for catalysis of thioester bond formation. Surprisingly, an inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) molecule binds to a previously unidentified allosteric site on Uba6. Our structural, biochemical, and biophysical data indicate that InsP6 allosterically inhibits Uba6 activity by altering interconversion of the open and closed conformations of Uba6 while also enhancing its stability. In addition to revealing the molecular mechanisms of catalysis by Uba6 and allosteric regulation of its activities, our structures provide a framework for developing Uba6-specific inhibitors and raise the possibility of allosteric regulation of other E1s by naturally occurring cellular metabolites.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2015

The Mars Dust and Water Cycles: Investigating the Influence of Clouds on the Vertical Distribution and Meridional Transport of Dust and Water.

The dust and water cycles are critical to the current Martian climate, and they interact with each other through cloud formation. Dust modulates the thermal structure of the atmosphere and thus greatly influences atmospheric circulation. Clouds provide radiative forcing and control the net hemispheric transport of water through the alteration of the vertical distributions of water and dust. Recent advancements in the quality and sophistication of both climate models and observations enable an increased understanding of how the coupling between the dust and water cycles (through cloud formation) impacts the dust and water cycles. We focus here on the effects of clouds on the vertical distributions of dust and water and how those vertical distributions control the net meridional transport of water. We utilize observations of temperature, dust and water ice from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) and the NASA ARC Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) to show that the magnitude and nature of the hemispheric exchange of water during NH summer is sensitive to the vertical structure of the simulated aphelion cloud belt. Further, we investigate how clouds influence atmospheric temperatures and thus the vertical structure of the cloud belt. Our goal is to isolate and understand the importance of radiative/dynamic feedbacks due to the physical processes involved with cloud formation and evolution on the current climate of Mars.

NASA ARC Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM)↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Simultaneous lidar profiling of water vapor, aerosol, and wind over the eastern Pacific and implications for observational challenges on clouds, circulation, and climate sensitivity

Moist convective processes and related circulations are key components of the Earth’s climate system. Improving our understanding of moisture and cloud processes over oceans is especially challenging due to observational limitations, but also important due to the large radiative effects of cloud over ocean as well as the ties to local and global-scale circulations. A unique dataset for addressing these topics was collected over 5 flights with the NASA HALO (water vapor DIAL and aerosol HSRL) and DAWN (Doppler wind) lidar systems onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the spring 2019 ADM-Aeolus Cal/Val test flight campaign. High-resolution water vapor, aerosol/cloud, and wind profiles were simultaneously collected and complimented with in situ high-resolution dropsonde measurements of temperature, relative humidity, and wind profiles. Airborne lidar measurements of these key variables captured both large-scale spatial variability across different cloud and atmospheric conditions as well as finer features, providing insight into processes from large-scale circulations down to aerosol/cloud interactions. The 5 flights spanned the northeast Pacific and southwest U.S. from 6 N to 52 N and 112 W to 157 W and captured several features of interest including moist layers from the ascending region of the Hadley circulation, very dry layers above midlatitude marine stratocumulus and cloud-free planetary boundary layers, and cloud top height and spatial variability. High covariance of aerosol and water vapor in the free troposphere was also observed for the first time. Preliminary analysis of these data sets will be presented as they apply to clouds and circulations, supplemented by model reanalysis to inform how regional water vapor structure and large-scale motion may contribute to observed shallow cloud formations and other meteorological processes that underpin our current understanding of how these state variables couple to impact the Earth’s weather and climate systems. The potential of complementary measurements in future field campaigns will also be mentioned.

Brian James Carroll↗

DOE OSTI2025

Roles for epigenetics in wood formation and stress response intrees–from basic biology to forest management

Annual model and crop species have been the subject of most epigenetic studies for plants. In contrast to annuals, forest trees persist on natural landscapes and experience environmental variation within and across seasons, years, and decades or even centuries. Most forest trees species are undomesticated and typically grown on variable landscapes with no irrigation or application of agricultural chemicals. Forest trees must thus rely on their inherent ability to alter growth and physiology to mitigate the effects of changing abiotic and biotic stressors. Like other plants, trees have mechanisms encoded in their genomic DNA sequence that can respond directly to stress events such as drought or heat. Hypothetically, it would be highly advantageous to join these mechanisms with a dynamic “memory” of past exposure to stress. It is now well established that annual model and crop plants can establish epigenetic-based memory of stress events that support more rapid and robust response to stress in the future. Here, evidence is discussed for epigenetic regulation and “memory” in two fundamental biological processes in trees, wood formation and abiotic stress response. Wood formation is an ideal trait for epigenetic research in trees, as wood formation is highly responsive to environmental conditions and includes multiple rapid developmental changes as cells adopt distinct fates within complex tissues. This is followed by a discussion of research needs that would provide the foundation for new epigenetic applications for forestry.

Groover, Andrew↗

NASA NTRS1991

RNG in turbulence and modeling of bypass transition

Two projects are considered: the Renormalization Group (RNG) analysis of turbulence modeling, and the calculation of bypass transition through turbulence modeling. RNG is a process which eliminates small scales on the uneliminated large scales as the change in the transport properties. It is because of this property of RNG that it was previously suggested that RNG could be used as a model builder in turbulence modeling. The possibility is studied of constructing RNG based turbulence models, and to try to proceed to do the modeling through RNG in parallel with the classical approach. The numerical predictions made by RNG models and by classical models is compared against data from Direct Numerical Simulation. While in an environment with freestream turbulence, the transition initiated by the instability of the laminar boundary layer to Tollmien-Schlichting waves is found to be a bypass one in which turbulent spots are formed without T-S wave amplification. The formation is a random process, and flow within a turbulent spot is almost fully turbulent. This suggests the possibility of using turbulence modeling to describe and predict the bypass transition.

Yang, Zhigang↗

DOE OSTI2022

Editorial: Wood Development and Physiology in a Changing Climate

Wood of forest trees is a renewable, sustainable and easily workable material and has been widely used in construction, paper making, furniture, and as a feedstock for biofuels. Wood formation is the result of a highly ordered and finely regulated process. Secondary xylem (wood) and phloem are the inner and outer derivative products of the vascular cambium, respectively. Xylem is mainly composed of dead cells with thickened cell walls rich in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, which are responsible for providing mechanical support and conducting water and minerals for the trees. Phloem transports photoassimilates and signaling molecules, including phytohormones and peptides. Wood structure varies greatly between, and within, tree species. A thorough understanding of developmental processes and metabolic pathways during wood formation would provide a basis for improving wood biomass and modifying properties in forest trees.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2003

Java Library for Input and Output of Image Data and Metadata

A Java-language library supports input and output (I/O) of image data and metadata (label data) in the format of the Video Image Communication and Retrieval (VICAR) image-processing software and in several similar formats, including a subset of the Planetary Data System (PDS) image file format. The library does the following: It provides low-level, direct access layer, enabling an application subprogram to read and write specific image files, lines, or pixels, and manipulate metadata directly. Two coding/decoding subprograms ("codecs" for short) based on the Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) software provide access to VICAR and PDS images in a file-format-independent manner. The VICAR and PDS codecs enable any program that conforms to the specification of the JAI codec to use VICAR or PDS images automatically, without specific knowledge of the VICAR or PDS format. The library also includes Image I/O plugin subprograms for VICAR and PDS formats. Application programs that conform to the Image I/O specification of Java version 1.4 can utilize any image format for which such a plug-in subprogram exists, without specific knowledge of the format itself. Like the aforementioned codecs, the VICAR and PDS Image I/O plug-in subprograms support reading and writing of metadata.

Deen, Robert↗

NASA NTRS1995

Numerical Modeling of High-Temperature Corrosion Processes

Numerical modeling of the diffusional transport associated with high-temperature corrosion processes is reviewed. These corrosion processes include external scale formation and internal subscale formation during oxidation, coating degradation by oxidation and substrate interdiffusion, carburization, sulfidation and nitridation. The studies that are reviewed cover such complexities as concentration-dependent diffusivities, cross-term effects in ternary alloys, and internal precipitation where several compounds of the same element form (e.g., carbides of Cr) or several compounds exist simultaneously (e.g., carbides containing varying amounts of Ni, Cr, Fe or Mo). In addition, the studies involve a variety of boundary conditions that vary with time and temperature. Finite-difference (F-D) techniques have been applied almost exclusively to model either the solute or corrodant transport in each of these studies. Hence, the paper first reviews the use of F-D techniques to develop solutions to the diffusion equations with various boundary conditions appropriate to high-temperature corrosion processes. The bulk of the paper then reviews various F-D modeling studies of diffusional transport associated with high-temperature corrosion.

Nesbitt, James A.↗

NASA NTRS2002

Convective Systems Over the Japan Sea: Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations

Wintertime observations of MCSs (Mesoscale Convective Systems) over the Sea of Japan - 2001 (WMO-01) were collected from January 12 to February 1, 2001. One of the major objectives is to better understand and forecast snow systems and accompanying disturbances and the associated key physical processes involved in the formation and development of these disturbances. Multiple observation platforms (e.g., upper-air soundings, Doppler radar, wind profilers, radiometers, etc.) during WMO-01 provided a first attempt at investigating the detailed characteristics of convective storms and air pattern changes associated with winter storms over the Sea of Japan region. WMO-01 also provided estimates of the apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2). The vertical integrals of Q1 and Q2 are equal to the surface precipitation rates. The horizontal and vertical adjective components of Q1 and Q2 can be used as large-scale forcing for the Cloud Resolving Models (CRMs). The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is a CRM (typically run with a 1-km grid size). The GCE model has sophisticated microphysics and allows explicit interactions between clouds, radiation, and surface processes. It will be used to understand and quantify precipitation processes associated with wintertime convective systems over the Sea of Japan (using data collected during the WMO-01). This is the first cloud-resolving model used to simulate precipitation processes in this particular region. The GCE model-simulated WMO-01 results will also be compared to other GCE model-simulated weather systems that developed during other field campaigns (i.e., South China Sea, west Pacific warm pool region, eastern Atlantic region and central USA).

Tao, Wei-Kuo↗

NASA NTRS2015

The Coupled Mars Dust and Water Cycles: Understanding How Clouds Affect the Vertical Distribution and Meridional Transport of Dust and Water.

The dust and water cycles are crucial to the current Martian climate, and they are coupled through cloud formation. Dust strongly impacts the thermal structure of the atmosphere and thus greatly affects atmospheric circulation, while clouds provide radiative forcing and control the hemispheric exchange of water through the modification of the vertical distributions of water and dust. Recent improvements in the quality and sophistication of both observations and climate models allow for a more comprehensive understanding of how the interaction between the dust and water cycles (through cloud formation) affects the dust and water cycles individually. We focus here on the effects of clouds on the vertical distribution of dust and water, and how those vertical distributions control the net meridional transport of water. For this study, we utilize observations of temperature, dust and water ice from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) combined with the NASA ARC Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM). We demonstrate that the magnitude and nature of the net meridional transport of water between the northern and southern hemispheres during NH summer is sensitive to the vertical structure of the simulated aphelion cloud belt. We further examine how clouds influence the atmospheric thermal structure and thus the vertical structure of the cloud belt. Our goal is to identify and understand the importance of radiative/dynamic feedbacks due to the physical processes involved with cloud formation and evolution on the current climate of Mars.

Martian climate↗