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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Roadmap to Automated Mobility Systems: Informing the Planning of a Sustainable, Resilient Transportation Ecosystem for Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed this report to provide Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) assistance toward a vision that considers the maturation and proliferation of mobility automation, electrification, and infrastructure integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies as they present themselves on the path to 2035. In planning ongoing infrastructure investments, DFW has goals to accommodate and leverage these enabling technologies toward greater sustainability and enhanced traveler and employee experiences, ensuring that infrastructure investments are fully utilized into the future. The objective of this document is to assist DFW to anticipate and envision future airport access by travelers, employees, and goods by examining existing needs and exploring opportunities enabled by technology that informs longer-term infrastructure planning. The vast infrastructure of DFW, which includes buildings, roadways, and other physical structures, as well as growing digital and energy network infrastructures, requires long-term planning and strategy to fully leverage technology advancement and avoid abandoning assets due to functional obsolescence.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Supply Chain Road Map for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States

"A Supply Chain Road Map for Offshore Wind Energy in the United States" identifies pathways to developing a domestic offshore wind supply chain that can manufacture and deploy the major components needed to set the United States on a pathway to installing 30 GW of offshore wind by 2030 and 110 GW by 2050. The report estimates that this supply chain could require an investment of at least $\$$22.7 billion this decade to meet an annual demand for components, ports, and vessels in 2030. Although this is a considerable investment, it could allow the industry to install around $\$$100 billion worth of offshore wind this decade by reducing risk of delays due to global supply chain bottlenecks and creating a robust network of assets that will continue to be effective well beyond 2030. The United States would need at least 34 manufacturing facilities employing 10,000 workers, 39,000 jobs in the supporting supply chain, 10 marshaling ports, 4-6 dedicated wind turbine installation vessels, 4-6 dedicated heavy-lift vessels, and 4-8 U.S.-flagged specialized feeder barges to come online this decade to support an average annual deployment of 4-6 gigawatts offshore wind capacity per year. This supply chain could be developed in 6-9 years, but would require near-term decision making and efficient permitting and planning to strategically develop these resources by 2030. Additional investment and expansion would be required in the 2030s as the sector expands into new regions (such as the Gulf of Mexico) and new technologies (such as larger wind turbines and floating wind energy projects). Furthermore, the planning process needs to meaningfully engage with communities that will be impacted by supply chain expansion to achieve just outcomes and maximize benefits to these stakeholders, which will result in a more equitable and sustainable supply chain. While U.S. offshore wind has made significant progress in recent years, remaining supply chain challenges include uncertainty surrounding deployment and procurement timelines; a lack of port and vessel infrastructure; and limitations in the available workforce, supporting supplier networks, and energy justice best practices. However, many of these problems can be addressed through improved communication between key stakeholder groups, support from federal and state governments, and forward-thinking designs of supply chain assets to accommodate future technology changes for fixed-bottom and floating offshore wind. Although it is a significant task, developing these domestic capabilities represents a once-in-a-generation opportunity to contribute to a decarbonized energy future and also create massive economic benefits that are distributed throughout the country.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

FY19-FY21 Concentrating Solar Power Systems Analysis Final Report

This technical report summarizes work done by NREL over a 3-year period for the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems Analysis project for fiscal years 2019-2021 (FY19-FY21) in support of the Solar Energies Technology Office of the U.S. Department of Energy. The goal of the CSP Systems Analysis project is to provide timely and accurate CSP cost data to the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) and to project the performance and cost of emerging CSP technologies to inform research directions and industry investment.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study (LA100): Chapter 4. Customer-Adopted Rooftop Solar and Storage

The City of Los Angeles has set ambitious goals to transform its electricity supply, aiming to achieve a 100% renewable energy power system by 2045, along with aggressive electrification targets for buildings and vehicles. To reach these goals, and assess the implications for jobs, electricity rates, the environment, and environmental justice, the Los Angeles City Council passed a series of motions directing the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) to determine the technical feasibility and investment pathways of a 100% renewable energy portfolio standard. The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study (LA100) is a first-of-its-kind objective, rigorous, and science-based power systems analysis to determine what investments could be made to achieve these goals. The LA100 final report is presented as a collection of 12 chapters and an executive summary, each of which is available as an individual download. This chapter explores the technical and economic potential for rooftop solar in LA, and how much solar and storage might be adopted by customers.

100% Renewable↗
DOE OSTI2023

Operational Energy Life Cycle Data Development for the National Institute of Standards And Technology (NIST) Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) Neutral Environmental Software Tool (NEST)

For this analysis, regionalized life cycle assessment (LCA) results for environmental impacts (using the Tool for Reduction and Assessment of Chemicals and Other Environmental Impacts [TRACI] 2.1) and cumulative energy demand (using the Federal Life Cycle Analysis Commons Elementary Flow List [FEDEFL] Inventory Methods v1.0.0) were evaluated for the production and utilization of electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, and propane as commodities within residential and commercial buildings. These results can used as a framework for future research into net zero, high-performance buildings, such as done here for the Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) database by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Engineering Laboratory. The geographical results were assigned to each United States (U.S.) Zone Improvement Plan (ZIP) code based on the ZIP code location and corresponding Balancing Authority Area, natural gas basin, and Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADDs). Additionally, previously developed models were utilized to develop future life cycle profiles. Projections were based on data available from the U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Outlook 2022 through 2050 (AEO 2022). Electricity LCA models were updated based on AEO 2022 projected annual generation mixes, while the natural gas baseline model was updated based on projected shares of natural gas types (conventional, shale, tight, and coalbed methane). Projections of crude oil production rates and export rates were applied to the petroleum baseline model in five-year increments to investigate their effects on the life cycle profile of fuel oil and propane. While only 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP-100) with climate carbon feedback (CC-FB) and Cumulative Energy Demand are shown in Section 4: Results, the complete results, including Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Freshwater Ecotoxicity Potential, GWP-100 without inclusion of CC-FB, Human Health Impacts Potentials (Cancer, Non-Cancer), Ozone Depletion Potential, Particulate Matter Formation Potential, and Photochemical Smog Formation Potential, are tabulated for each ZIP code in the Excel worksheets that accompany this analysis. For the Excel spreadsheet tools associated with this report, please go to https://www.netl.doe.gov/energy-analysis/details?id=f8890fac-be55-44ac-aaa9-e2888bfabe93

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2023

The Fermilab Holometer: A program to measure Planck scale indeterminacy

We propose an experiment at Fermilab to study a conjectured effect called "holographic noise" that may arise from new Planck scale physics: the measured positions of bodies may wander randomly from ideal geodesics of classical relativity, in measurement-dependent directions, by about a Planck length per Planck time. The experiment will search for this holographic jitter in the relation of mass-energy and space-time by looking for correlated phase noise between two neighboring 40 meter interferometers. The goal of the experiment is to provide convincing evidence for or against the hypothesis that relative transverse positions of bodies display this particular new kind of quantum noise, whose power spectrum is independent of frequency and has a spectral density determined only by the Planck time. A positive result of the experiment would be a major step forward in understanding the emergence of space time and mass-energy from a unified theory of spacetime and quantum mechanics. A negative result will impact the macroscopic interpretation of unified theories.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Characterizing PuO 2 Powder at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the Multi-Lab Plutonium Process Signatures Campaign FY 2022

This report highlights the development of advanced analytical capabilities at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to characterize PuO 2 powder to support the Multi-Lab Plutonium Process Signatures Campaign in FY 2022. Two samples from a batch of 76 statistical precipitation runs were packaged and shipped from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to Oak Ridge National Laboratory at the beginning of FY 2022. Techniques were used to characterize the sample, including powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. A brief description of each technique, the results and discussion, and future work are described in this report. Opportunities to expand current capabilities and include additional analytical capabilities for the next campaign will also be discussed.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A Snapshot of EV-Specific Rate Designs Among U.S. Investor-Owned Electric Utilities

EV-specific electric utility rates have a profound effect on the underlying economics motivating EV adoption. State utility regulators and electric utilities play a critical role in approving and designing rates, respectively. However, the nascence of the EV industry has resulted in regulators’ and utilities’ having very limited experience with EV-specific rate designs. This suggests there could be substantial benefit from efforts intended to provide a better understanding of how EV-specific rates are designed presently in the United States. To meet that need, Berkeley Lab researchers, with support from E9 Insight, developed a database of piloted, proposed, and offered rates among U.S. investor-owned utilities (IOUs) between 2012 and 2022. The database is comprised of 217 electric utility retail rates from IOUs in 38 states and the District of Columbia that either required proof of EV ownership or were otherwise designed for the purposes of reselling energy for use in EV charging (i.e., EV-specific rates). The analysis of the database identifies the EV-specific rate designs currently observed, infers a number of policy-driven objectives, and suggests a number of next steps for future research.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improving Nb3Sn Cavity Performance Using Centrifugal Barrel Polishing

Nb3Sn superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities have been an ongoing research topic for many years motivated by the potential for higher accelerating gradients and quality factors compared to niobium SRF cavities. The highest performing Nb3Sn cavities are manufactured using tin vapor-diffusion coating, which creates a Nb3Sn film with a surface roughness of around 100-200 nm. This is thought to be one of the limiting factors for the accelerating gradient of Nb3Sn cavities due to enhancement of magnetic field near sharp surface features. To smooth Nb3Sn SRF cavities, we have developed a mechanical polishing procedure which uses centrifugal barrel polishing to smooth the surface followed by a secondary tin coating step to repair the surface. We show that the accelerating field of a Nb3Sn SRF cavity is improved by applying this procedure. We also investigate the quench mechanism of the polished cavity by utilizing temperature mapping to measure which regions of the cavity e xperience heating during RF operation. We then cut samples from these regions and analyze the film microstructure and chemical composition in 3D using EDS and EBSD measurements together with a focused ion-beam (FIB) tomography technique.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Stochastic Price Generation for Evaluating Wholesale Electricity Market Bidding Strategies

This work presents a novel method for generating electricity price scenarios from statistical properties of past electricity prices using a hybrid statistical and reduced-form stochastic model. Previous work in applying stochastic differential equations (SDE) to model electricity prices has focused on daily average prices. To extend stochastic price generation methods to hourly or sub-hourly pricing, we address several weaknesses in the state-of-the-art: (1) we replace the mean-reversion component of the SDE with an ARIMA process that is better able to characterize the daily and weekly trends; (2) we extend the price-spike, or jump process to account for conditional probabilities of price spikes occurring in consecutive time steps by replacing the traditional Poisson process for modeling jumps with a generalized point process model inspired by brain neuron models; and (3) we replace the traditional method of estimating spike intensity with empirical variance with a Markov process based on observed price spike intensity transitions. The method is demonstrated with electricity prices from the US ERCOT market and a use-case example is provided for bidding an energy storage unit into the day-ahead and real-time energy markets of ERCOT using stochastic optimization methods. Results show that the the synthetic price model out performs a (naive) persistence forecast model by resulting in 24% to 47% more in profits over 168 simulated days.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Chemical durability assessment of enhanced low-activity waste glasses through EPA method 1313

In this work, we report the progress of the Glass Leaching Assessment for Durability (GLAD) program on the implementation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework pH-dependent leach test (EPA Method 1313) to low-activity nuclear waste (LAW) glasses. The GLAD program seeks to develop new strategies to understand the chemical durability of nuclear waste glasses for the disposal in near-surface conditions. A series of 16 high-waste loading LAW glasses, currently under development, were selected using machine learning methods to study the corrosion behavior using EPA Method 1313. Reacted glass powders were examined using scanning electron microscopy and the eluate compositions were examined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Compositional modeling was used to fit the measured elemental releases from EPA Method 1313. The compositional models demonstrated that elements such as Si reduce elemental release while B can increase elemental release (consistent with elemental modeling of the Product Consistency Test and Vapor Hydration Test) while other elements, such as Fe, exhibit pH-dependent behavior. The amount of acid added during the EPA testing was found to significantly impact the observed result, which was only apparent after preforming the present matrix study. The overall titration curves were able to be compositionally modeled for future process optimization.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Restoration Hydro: A Watershed Approach to Standard Modular New Hydropower

The objectives of FOA DE- FOA-0001836- “Standard Modular Hydropower” included designing a standardized, modular, and environmentally compatible hydropower schematic for implementation in greenfield sites that generate up to 10 MW of capacity. Utilizing funds competitively awarded under DOE’s Water Power Technologies Office, the Natel Energy team developed a concept for modular new stream reach (NSR) hydropower that incorporates multi species upstream and downstream fish passage, improved river channel connectivity, and recreational modules. The in-stream design of the collective modules minimized site specific design and maximized the opportunities for modularity. Financial data was also presented using actual costs from regional suppliers, with figures provided in 2022 dollars. While the project team did not address potential permitting process improvements, the site selection criteria did consider established barriers to hydropower development such as tribal and preserved lands, interconnection proximity, and endangered species to exclude or deprioritize. The project’s design schematic met the objectives of the FOA, and presented a unique solution that targets alluvial pockets as natural features for sustainable development. Natel’s concept also incorporated the company's fish-safe Restoration Hydro Turbine for safe downstream passage, while featuring a rock arch that integrates fish passage, water, recreation, and grade control modules (including sediment). Alignment with the Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) “Innovative Design Concepts for Standard Modular Hydropower and Pumped-Storage Hydropower” Program: According to the Hydropower Vision (DOE, 2016), approximately 16 GW of hydropower growth is possible with the development of technology solutions that balance efficiency, economics, and environmental sustainability. The desired outcome of the SMH program is transformational innovation specifically in the site identification, conceptual, and detailed design phases of technology development lifecycles (DOE, 2018). In developing the SMH design schematic, the team aimed to address the opportunities outlined in the Vision through an inverted design philosophy; rather than singularly prioritizing efficiency and power production, the team focused on integrating hydropower with restoration of degraded streams to optimal ecosystem function and provision of exceptional recreation value as design criteria. To achieve this, Restoration Hydro incorporates the principles of nature-based engineering (WWAP, 2018) and biomimicry (Biomimicry NL.) to strategically deploy complementary combinations of permanent, semi-permanent, and ephemeral low-head structures - such as natural and engineered log jams - that harness geomorphological and hydrological processes at the landscape-scale. Primary applications of Restoration Hydro include: 1) restoration of degraded watersheds’ natural ecological function and enhancement of hydrological connectivity; and 2) creation of associated co-benefits to hydro production, including increased groundwater recharge, improved sediment transport and management, improved water security and water quality. Restoration Hydro projects build upon proven watershed restoration engineering techniques by integrating hydropower turbines into low-head structures using innovative and evolving civil works concepts that facilitate fish and sediment passage, and in some cases create additional revenue-generating recreational opportunities. Powering low-head structures creates a directly monetizable layer of economic value in the form of flexible, reliable, renewable energy on top of the already high-value water, environmental and recreational benefits of watershed and river restoration. The approach aims to create a virtuous, self-reinforcing cycle whereby Restoration Hydro projects support the scaling of ecosystem restoration activities, creating a water-energy-carbon multiplier effect that, through the principles of adaptive change management: 1) improves the resilience of landscapes and downstream population centers for changing hydrological cycles; 2) creates a reliable energy resource that facilitates the integration of intermittent renewable power sources into grids; and 3) supports climate change mitigation through grid decarbonization and enhanced ecosystem carbon capture and retention.

13 HYDRO ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Commissioning of new CVD/ALD Furnace at Fermilab

The new CVD/ALD furnace that we are commissioning at Fermilab will allow us to deposit thin films of superconducting materials on RF cavities on different shapes, 1 cell and 9 cells 1.3GHz and 1 cell and 5 cells 650MHz. This furnace is capable to perform two different types of deposition: chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition. Different materials are under investigation to push accelerating superconducting RF cavities to support higher accelerating fields and to operate with lower power loss. The first tests are focusing on the alternative A15 superconductors as: Nb3Ge, Nd3Ga, Nb3Sn, V3Si. The furnace has two different sources of precursors: 1) chlorine furnace, where we can produce the precursors in-situ, so we can build our own precursors and test how the deposited material is affecting the cavity performance, 2) 6 different bubblers, 3 low temperature bubblers and 3 high temperature bubblers. The deposition chamber is a versatile chamber with two independ ent vacuum volumes, to ensure a higher cleanliness of the deposited material. The furnace is designed to have two different configurations: High temperature, up to 1400 C, and low temperature, up to 400 C.

Grassellino, Laura↗