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At least 1,549 records · Page 86
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Performance of laser ion source LION operated at Brookhaven National Laboratory

LION is a laser ion source that has been in operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to provide heavy ions for NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is the first laser ion source to supply stable ion beams for a long-term operation for users at a large accelerator facility in the world. LION is located at the upstream end of the heavy ion accelerator complex at BNL and supplies singly charged ion beams of various ion species. LION has been in operation since 2014 and is planned to be upgraded in 2024. This paper summarizes the operational performance achieved by LION.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Breakdown insensitive acceleration regime in a metamaterial accelerating structure

A new regime in radiofrequency (rf) breakdown, named the breakdown insensitive acceleration regime (BIAR), was observed in an 11.7 GHz metamaterial structure for wakefield acceleration driven by rf pulses with a duration of a few nanoseconds. In the BIAR, rf breakdown occurs without interrupting potential beam acceleration, resulting in greater resilience to breakdown. We have investigated the possibility that BIAR can support higher gradients by characterizing the breakdown in a high-power test. The peak gradient reached 190 MV / m when the structure was powered by 6 ns long rf pulses with 115 MW peak power. The short rf pulses were extracted from 65 MeV electron bunch trains with a total charge of up to 210 nC. This work has revealed the benefits of short-pulse acceleration by characterizing rf breakdown in the previously unexplored parameter space. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Dual Triggered Beam Extraction Kicker (Rev. 1)

A Blumlein modulator is a relatively inexpensive pulsed power device that can deliver highly repeatable pulses that can be used to change the path of beam pulses. The modulator is primarily built with transmission line cable which is relatively inexpensive. Due to the highly repeatable nature of a Blumlein modulator it is a great tool for kicking beam pulses while producing very little spill or losses in beam current. One of the challenges with a Blumlein kicker is that the length of the kicking pulse output by the modulator is determined by the length of the cables. Cable lengths are set prior to implementation for the desired kicking pulse width. The Blumlein modulator at LANSCE uses a single thyratron which can deliver two 50-kilovolt 1,000-amp pulses of opposite polarity to kicking plates at the same time. This method makes for a very strong kick that is highly repeatable. A method that has been discussed, to deliver a different pulse width, is to add a second trigger that would be fired, once the desired pulse width has been delivered, cutting out the remaining pulse. The second trigger would offer a lot of variability with the pulse width of the kicker. This method has only ever been attempted using low current and relatively low voltages compared to the scale needed to properly kick a beam pulse. This in turn allows for the use of power supplies with a higher repetition rate. The advancement of this standard kicker technology in the accelerator facilities would attract attention within the scientific and engineering communities. The project detailed within will investigate the capabilities of different triggering topologies and design a prototype dual triggered Blumlein kicker modulator capable of variable kicking pulse width.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

805 Stepped Plan Project Description

The 805 MHz system utilizes 1.25 MW class klystron amplifiers. The Solid-State Amplifier (SSA) technology has been utilized in the SC accelerator technology, but more powerful sources are needed for use in the NC accelerator facilities such as LASNCE. The SSA topologies that are widely used need to be scaled and tested for reliability and operation in a high impact accelerator facility, such as the 805 MHz SCCL in Los Alamos. Operational experience with high power SSA needs to be assessed prior to installation of an SSA unit at LANSCE. The RFE group at LANSCE is looking for collaboration in the development of the Solid-State Amplifier.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Multi-Probe Radiography: For 2035 and Beyond

The Multi-Probe Radiography Project is investigating the use of multiple species of probe beams to provide more information from a radiography. Contextual radiographic, source, and measurements information is being provided through a series of four workshops at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The third workshop on Accelerator and Pulsed Power Technology is summarized in this report. The state of the large NNSA facilities such as Scorpius, DARHT, pRad, and Cygnus are presented. Future enhancements and innovative upgrades are also discussed.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Modernizing Accelerator Responsiveness and Controls in Operations

Accelerators increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) software and workflows for a variety of tasks, from optimization to fault detection and recovery. Efficient and sustainable application of these technologies necessitates specialized and facility-specific infrastructure commitments. Accelerator facilities also introduce unique radiation and security hazards, placing additional demands on operational infrastructure. These needs further escalate the prioritization of effective collaboration models and associated funding mechanisms and legal frameworks.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Space Charge Simulations of High Intensity Proton Beams in the AGS Booster

Computer simulation studies have been performed to understand the beam behavior and to explore intensity limitations of proton beams in the AGS Booster at higher beam intensities. During the 100 GeV polarized proton operations of RHIC Run 2024, sPHENIX operated in modes with a crossing angle at collisions in order to mitigate beam-beam effects. Three different running modes were employed: (a) sPHENIX operated with a negative (-2 mrad) crossing angle, and STAR operated with 0 mrad. Both experiments were brought into collisions at the start of the store. (b) sPHENIX was brought into collisions with 0 mrad first. Then STAR was brought into collisions after the beam-beam parameter from sPHENIX reduced to below $10 \times 10^{-3}$. (c) sPHENIX operated with a positive (+1.5 mrad) crossing angle, and STAR operated with 0 mrad. Both experiments were brought into collisions at the start of the store. The collisions with a crossing angle of up to $\pm 2$ mrad, as in running modes (a) and (c), lead to large Piwinski angle in the new sPHENIX detector, which reduces luminosity if other parameters are unchanged. There are two ways to compensate the reduction in luminosity: squeeze $\beta^{*}$ if there is sufficient dynamic aperture, or increase the injected beam intensity. The first part of polarized proton operation during RHIC Run 2024 was dedicated to increasing the intensity. Different configurations were tested with crossing angle and lattice adjustments on RHIC. At the same time, new injector configurations were developed and tested in an effort to push for both higher intensity and better quality of the beam injected into RHIC. When the beam intensity is increased, space charge is a concern particularly in the lower energy stages of acceleration, such as during the injection and the early part of the Booster cycle, which could become a dominant effect in limiting the intensity of the beam that can be delivered to RHIC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Harnessing Ultra-Intense Long-Wave Infrared Lasers: New Frontiers in Fundamental and Applied Research

This review explores two main topics: the state-of-the-art and emerging capabilities of high-peak-power, ultrafast (picosecond and femtosecond) long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser technology based on CO2 gas laser amplifiers, and the current and advanced scientific applications of this laser class. The discussion is grounded in expertise gained at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), a leading center for ultrafast, high-power CO2 laser development and a National User Facility with a strong track record in high-intensity physics experiments. We begin by reviewing the status of 9–10 μm CO2 laser technology and its applications, before exploring potential breakthroughs, including the realization of 100 terawatt femtosecond pulses. These advancements will drive ongoing research in electron and ion acceleration in plasma, along with applications in secondary radiation sources and atmospheric energy transport. Throughout the review, we highlight how wavelength scaling of physical effects enhances the capabilities of ultra-intense lasers in the LWIR spectrum, expanding the frontiers of both fundamental and applied science.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Design Aspects of the Emittance Diagnostic for the Scorpius Accelerator

Dear author, This is a reminder that we are expecting you to resubmit your IPAC'23 paper 1268 at https://indico.jacow.org/event/41/papers/2549/ in a format compliant with the IoP guidelines posted at https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/author-guidelines-for-conference-proceedings/ Could you please upload your paper as a PDF file in the IoP format at https://indico.jacow.org/event/41/papers/2549/ Title: The Design of the Emittance Diagnostic for the Scorpius Accelerator id: 1268 The deadline for resubmitting your paper is July 1st 2023 but we would appreciate if you could submit it earlier. Thank you in advance, Nicolas Delerue on behalf of the IPAC'23 LPR SPB

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass 21 Discussions on Future Accelerator HEP Facilities

The US particle physics community planning exercise (a.k.a. Snowmass) is organized every 7 to 9 years to provide a forum for discussions among the entire particle physics community to develop a scientific vision for the future of particle physics in the U.S. and its international partners. The Snowmass 21 Accelerator Frontier activities include discussions on high-energy hadron and lepton colliders, high-intensity beams for neutrino research and for Physics Beyond Colliders, accelerator technologies, science, education and outreach as well as the progress of core accelerator technologies, including RF, magnets, targets and sources. Here we summarize the Snowmass 21 discussions on future HEP accelerator facilities.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Effect of the Main Injector Ramp on the Recycler

The Recycler and Main Injector are part of the Fermilab Accelerator complex used to deliver a high power proton beam. Both machines share the same enclosure with the Recycler mounted 6 ft above the Main Injector. The Main Injector accelerates beam from 8 GeV to 120 GeV. While the majority of the Recycler has mu metal shielding, the effect of the Main Injector ramp is still significant and can affect both the tunes and the orbit. In this paper, we detail the size of these effects.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Benchmark Midplane Field for Medical FFA

This is a lattice cell for a fixed-field medical accelerator, transmitting protons from 10–250 MeV. The goal is to have fixed tunes throughout this energy range. The cell is based on the lattice Feb7 2024 ProtonAccelerator.f90 from Dejan Trbojevic and had the magnet field profiles re-optimised to attain fixed tunes with realistic magnet fringe fields.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Beam-Based Target Alignment for Mu2e

The Mu2e Experiment is a precision experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, searching for charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) in the conversion of a muon to an electron in the presence of an atomic nucleus. In order to achieve the expected single-event sensitivity of $3\times 10^{-17}$ , Mu2e will require an intense muon beam, generated via pion decay. These pions are the product of a proton beam striking a radiatively-cooled tungsten target. In order to maximize pion production and prevent target failure, the beam will have to be aligned with the target center to within 0.5 mm. The production target monitor (PTM) will ensure this alignment. The PTM consists of a series of proportional wire chambers (PWC’s) upstream and downstream of the production target. In this dissertation, I explain the requirements of this detector system and derive the decisions about which detector model to use and how they should be arranged from these requirements. After this, I describe my e xperience building the detectors and show an early use for them in the Mu2e proton beam. I also performed a study of the sensitivity and time resolution of this model of PWC and its electronics, and give the results here. I then describe a series of simulation campaigns which shed light on the interactions between the beam and the target, and how these interactions manifest on the downstream detectors. Finally, I give the target scanning procedure to be used to align the beam and target during experiment start up.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

High efficiency RF sources developments

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. (CCR) and its collaborators are developing high efficiency RF sources operating from a few hundred MHz to C-Band and power levels from tens to hundreds of kilowatts with the goal of providing MW-relevant sources. The efficiencies approach or exceed 80% with projected costs as low as $0.50/ Watt. Sources under development include magnetrons with phase and amplitude control, single and multi-beam klystrons, multi-beam power grid tubes, and multiple beam IOTs. A magnetron system achieved more than 80% efficiency with fast amplitude control using modulation of the phase locking signal. This would be a low cost, high efficiency RF source for superconducting accelerators. An L-Band, single beam klystron was built with simulated efficiency of 80%. The klystron has yet to be tested to confirm the simulation results. CCR is currently developing a multi-beam klystron to produce more than 200 kW CW at 80% efficiency. Also in development is a multiple beam triode to produce 200 kW CW from 300 MHz to approximately 1 GHz. Not only does the simulated efficiency exceed 75%, but it would be the lowest cost RF source in this frequency range. Finally, CCR recently concluded research for a multiple beam IOT at 700 MHz using third harmonic drive to boost efficiency toward 85%. Successful development and transition to production of these sources will significantly alter the cost/performance landscape for RF power generation.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Theoretical formulation of phase space microbunching instability in the presence of intrabeam scattering for single-pass or recirculation accelerators

Microbunching instability (MBI) has been one of the most challenging issues in designs of high-brightness beam transport lines for single-pass or recirculating accelerators. Although the intrabeam scattering (IBS) has long been studied in lepton or hadron storage rings as a slow diffusion process or in high-intensity proton linear accelerators as one mechanism for the beam halo, the effects of IBS on single-pass or recirculating electron accelerators have drawn attention only in the recent two decades due to emergence of linac-based or energy-recovery-linac-based fourth-generation light sources, which require high-quality electron beams during the beam transport. In this paper we develop a theoretical formulation of microbunching instability in the presence of IBS for single-pass or recirculation accelerators. To quantify MBI with inclusion of IBS, we start from the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck (VFP) equation, combining both collective interactions and incoherent IBS effects. The linearized VFP equation and the corresponding friction and diffusion coefficients are derived. The evolutions of the resultant density and energy modulations are formulated as a set of coupled integral equations. The theoretical formulation is then applied to a recirculating beamline design. The results from the semianalytical calculation are compared and show good agreement with massive particle tracking simulations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Permanent Magnets for the CEBAF 24GeV Upgrade

An upgrade of the CEBAF facility to double its present energy of 12GeV has been proposed. To provide double the number of linac passes using the existing five stacked arc beamlines, some beamlines are replaced by fixed-field accelerator (FFA) arcs, allowing multiple energies to pass through the same magnets. A solution is presented in which two of the existing electromagnetic beamlines are replaced with permanent magnet non-scaling FFA arcs, as demonstrated at CBETA. The two-stage design reduces peak magnetic field and synchrotron radiation loss compared to using a single stage. FFAs do not pulse their magnets, making permanent magnets a promising and power-efficient technology option. However, the magnetic field requirements are still at the high end of accelerator permanent magnets produced thus far (1.6T peak on beam), while the magnets must also be combined-function, having a gradient with a dipole offset. Designs using a novel oval aperture and open midplane within an adapted Halbach magnet are presented.

Brooks, S. J.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Experimental verification of integrability in a Danilov-Nagaitsev lattice using machine learning

In non-linear optics, achieving integrability can enhance the dynamic aperture in storage rings. We analyze turn-by-turn phase-space data from our Danilov-Nagaitsev lattice implementation at Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator using machine learning. AI Poincaré estimates conserved quantities from experimental data without prior knowledge of the invariant structure, showing qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Additionally, one of the two learned invariants exhibits comparable or better conservation compared to known theoretical expressions.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗