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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,531 records · Page 85
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1992

Design for producing fiberglass fabric in a lunar environment

The purpose of this project was to design a method of producing a fabric material on the lunar surface from readily available glass fibers. Various methods for forming fabrics were analyzed to determine which methods were appropriate for the lunar conditions. A nonwoven process was determined to be the most suitable process for making a fabric material out of fiberglass under these conditions. Various resins were considered for adhering the fibers. A single thermoplastic resin (AURUM) was found to be the only applicable resin. The end product of the process was determined to be suitable for use as a roadway surfacing material, canopy materials, reflective material, or packaging material. A cost analysis of the lunar process versus shipping the end-product from the earth suggests that the lunar formation is highly feasible. A design for a lunar, nonwoven process was determined and included in the following document.

Dorrity, J. Lewis↗
NASA NTRS1992

Design for producing fiberglass fabric in a lunar environment

The purpose of this project was to design a method of producing a fabric material on the lunar surface from readily available glass fibers. Various methods for forming fabrics were analyzed to determine which methods were appropriate for the lunar conditions. A nonwoven process was determined to be the most suitable process for making a fabric material out of fiberglass under these conditions. Various resins were considered for adhering the fibers. A single thermoplastic resin (AURUM) was found to be the only applicable resin. The end product of the process was determined to be suitable for use as a roadway surfacing material, canopy material, reflective material, or packaging material. A cost analysis of the lunar process versus shipping the end-product from the Earth suggests that the lunar formation is highly feasible. A design for a lunar, nonwoven process was determined and is included.

Benson, Rafer M.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Indirect measurement of the 90 Sr ⁢(𝑛, 𝛾)⁢ 91 Sr reaction cross section and the implications for astrophysical Zr production

Here, the intermediate neutron-capture process (𝑖 process) has gained notable traction within the past decade as a way to describe stellar abundance observations which cannot be explained by the slow and rapid neutron-capture processes. Despite the general success of 𝑖-process models, many open questions remain. Among the observations, Zr stands out, as its elemental abundance is difficult to replicate with available 𝑖-process models, while the reactions that affect its production through the 𝑖 process are close enough to stability to study experimentally. Here, we present the experimental constraint of the nuclear level density and 𝛾-strength function (𝛾 SF) of 91 Sr using the 𝛽-Oslo method, which were then input into the TALYS Hauser-Feshbach code to produce the first experimental constraint of the 90 Sr ⁢(𝑛, 𝛾)⁢ 91 Sr capture reaction. This constraint was used alongside that of 92 Sr ⁢(𝑛, 𝛾)⁢ 93 Sr for a reduction in the uncertainty of [Y/Zr] production in the 𝑖-process relevant environmental neutron density of 10 13.5 and 10 14.5 neutrons/cm 3 .

Physics - Nuclear physics and radiation physics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Computer-aided process intensification of natural gas to methanol process

The recent revolution in shale gas has presented opportunities for distributed manufacturing of key commodity chemicals, such as methanol, from methane. However, the conventional methane-to-methanol process is energy intensive which negatively affects the profitability and sustainability. Here an intensified process configuration that is both economically attractive and environmentally sustainable. This flowsheet is systematically discovered using the building block-based representation and optimization methodology. The new process configuration utilizes membrane-assisted reactive separations and can have as much as 190% higher total annual profit compared to a conventional configuration. Additionally, it has 57% less CO 2 -equivalent greenhouse gas emission. Such drastic improvement highlights the advantages of building block-based computer-aided process intensification method.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Erratum to: Search for the HH → $ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $ process via vector-boson fusion production using proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

One correction is noted for the paper. A wrong cross-section was used for the theory prediction in figure 6 due to not taking into account the VHH contamination properly in the rescaling formula for the signal samples. The change in the theory prediction leads to stricter exclusion limits on the di-vector-boson–di-Higgs-boson coupling modifier κ 2V . The observed excluded region corresponds to κ 2V < –0.43 and κ 2V > 2.56, while the expected exclusion is κ 2V < –0.55 and κ 2V > 2.72. Erratum JHEP 01 (2021) 145 fixed the description in the text but contains the uncorrected figure. The correct figure is shown in the new erratum.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Search for the HH → $ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $ process via vector-boson fusion production using proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion (VBF) in the $ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $ final state is carried out with the ATLAS experiment using 126 fb –1 of proton- proton collision data delivered at $ \sqrt{s} $ = 13 by the Large Hadron Collider. This search is sensitive to VBF production of additional heavy bosons that may decay into Higgs boson pairs, and in a non-resonant topology it can constrain the quartic coupling between the Higgs bosons and vector bosons. No significant excess relative to the Standard Model expectation is observed, and limits on the production cross-section are set at the 95% confidence level for a heavy scalar resonance in the context of an extended Higgs sector, and for non-resonant Higgs boson pair production. Interpretation in terms of the coupling between a Higgs boson pair and two vector bosons is also provided: coupling values normalised to the Standard Model expectation of κ 2V < –0.76 and κ 2V > 2.90 are excluded at the 95% confidence level in data.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Synthesis and characterisation of alites from reduced basic oxygen furnace slags

Basic oxygen furnace slags (BOFS) are by-products of the steelmaking process. Several researchers have studied the production of Portland cement clinker and metallic iron from BOFS via a reductive treatment. }In this study, we applied a carbothermal reduction of BOFS in a technical-scale electric arc furnace and characterised the clinker-like products. Those clinker-like non-metallic products (NMPs) had a chemical and mineralogical composition comparable to clinker for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and contained large elongated alite crystals as major component. The pure NMPs reacted more slowly and achieved a lower degree of hydration compared with commercial OPC. }If the reactivity of the products can be further increased by employing specific adaptations, it can be used as a full clinker substitute for OPC. Nevertheless, it is also an option to use the material without further modifications as a cement component or concrete addition, which contributes to the strength development in both cases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Reliability-Informed Economic and Energy Evaluation for Bi-Level Design for Remanufacturing: A Case Study of Transmission and Hydraulic Manifold

Abstract Design for remanufacturing (DfRem) is one attractive strategy that encourages the reuse of a product and extends the product's life cycle. Traditional design processes often only consider product reliability at an early design stage. However, from the perspective of environmental sustainability, it is becoming increasingly important to evaluate the long-term economic and environmental impacts of design decisions during early-stage design. We propose a bi-level DfRem framework consisting of system-level reusability allocation and component-level design tradeoff analysis, considering reliability and product warranty policy. First, a system-level reusability allocation problem aims at a theoretical exploration of the design space where all the components comprising the system are allocated certain reuse rates to achieve target energy savings with minimum cost. Following the theoretical exploration at the system level, a component-level analysis looks at practical design options for each component and trades-off between the overall cost and energy consumption for multiple remanufacturing cycles. Both levels of the framework require modeling component reuse for multiple remanufacturing cycles, which we achieve by using a branched power-law model that provides probabilistic scenarios of reusing the component or replacing it with a new part. We demonstrate the utility of this framework with the case study of an infinitely variable transmission (IVT) used by some agricultural machines manufactured by John Deere and show snapshots of a prototype software tool that we developed for easy use by designers.

Engineering↗
DOE OSTI2024

Life-Cycle Analysis Datasets for Regionalized Plastic Pathways

The carbon intensity (CI) of producing five different resins – polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – in four different international regions – United States of America (USA), Western Europe, Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA), and China – is calculated on a cradle-to-gate basis using the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model. The list of factors that can potentially vary the CI of the five resins in different international regions include the CI of electricity and natural gas (NG) production, steam cracking feedstock mix, propylene sourcing technology mix, terephthalic monomer (TM) mix, use of hydrogen co-product from steam cracking process, and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production technology mix.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1978

Low cost solar array project silicon materials task. Development of a process for high capacity arc heater production of silicon for solar arrays

Silicon tetrachloride and a reductant (sodium) will be injected into an arc heated mixture of hydrogen and argon, yielding silicon and gaseous sodium chloride. Detailed characterization of the Sonicore sodium injection nozzle, using water as the test fluid was completed. Results indicated that flow rates of 45 gph sodium and 50 scfm argon should produce sufficiently small droplet sizes. The design effort was also completed for the test system preparation which was divided into two categories: (1) system components and (2) test system-laboratory integration.

Reed, W. H.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Pattern classification using Charge Transfer Devices

The potential uses of Charge Transfer Devices (CTDs) in pattern classification operations are explored. The needs for a hardware-based pattern classifier are established, and a matrix multiplication subsystem based upon a sum of products CTD is presented. An evaluation process for sum of products devices (particularly analog-analog correlators) is developed, and the feasibility of employing a particular device in a pattern classifier is determined. Finally, the possible impact of future trends in technology is considered.

Snyder, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Low cost solar array project silicon materials task. Development of a process for high capacity arc heater production of silicon for solar arrays

The experimental verification system for the production of silicon via the arc heater-sodium reduction of SiCl4 was designed, fabricated, installed, and operated. Each of the attendant subsystems was checked out and operated to insure performance requirements. These subsystems included: the arc heaters/reactor, cooling water system, gas system, power system, Control & Instrumentation system, Na injection system, SiCl4 injection system, effluent disposal system and gas burnoff system. Prior to introducing the reactants (Na and SiCl4) to the arc heater/reactor, a series of gas only-power tests was conducted to establish the operating parameters of the three arc heaters of the system. Following the successful completion of the gas only-power tests and the readiness tests of the sodium and SiCl4 injection systems, a shakedown test of the complete experimental verification system was conducted.

Fey, M. G.↗
NASA NTRS1984

One-Step Coal Liquefaction

Steam injection improves yield and quality of product. Single step process for liquefying coal increases liquid yield and reduces hydrogen consumption. Principal difference between this and earlier processes includes injection of steam into reactor. Steam lowers viscosity of liquid product, so further upgrading unnecessary.

Qader, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Assessment of critical-fluid extractions in the process industries

The potential for critical-fluid extraction as a separation process for improving the productive use of energy in the process industries is assessed. Critical-fluid extraction involves the use of fluids, normally gaseous at ambient conditions, as extraction solvents at temperatures and pressures around the critical point. Equilibrium and kinetic properties in this regime are very favorable for solvent applications, and generally allow major reductions in the energy requirements for separating and purifying chemical component of a mixture.

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