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At least 1,531 records · Page 85
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Prospects for quarkonium studies at the high-luminosity LHC

In this work, prospects for quarkonium-production studies accessible during the upcoming high-luminosity phases of the CERN Large Hadron Collider operation after 2021 are reviewed. Current experimental and theoretical open issues in the field are assessed together with the potential for future studies in quarkonium-related physics. This will be possible through the exploitation of the huge data samples to be collected in proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, both in the collider and fixed-target modes. Such investigations include, among others, those of: (i) J/ψ and Υ produced in association with other hard particles; (ii) χ c,b and η c,b down to small transverse momenta; (iii) the constraints brought in by quarkonia on gluon PDFs, nuclear PDFs, TMDs, GPDs and GTMDs, as well as on the low-x parton dynamics; (iv) the gluon Sivers effect in polarised-nucleon collisions; (v) the properties of the quark-gluon plasma produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and of collective partonic effects in general; and (vi) double and triple parton scatterings.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Advances in 3D Geologic Modeling of Alluvial Basins with a Focus on Facies and Property Modeling

The unsaturated zone alluvium reference case is one of several geologic systems under consideration by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy for hosting repositories for spent nuclear fuel and associated waste (Sevougian et al., 2019). As noted by Mariner et al. (2018), the generic alluvial basin offers positive attributes that merit its consideration as a reference case by the Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) campaign. There are hundreds of alluvial basins and sub-basins scattered across the arid western United States (Figure 1-1). Precipitation and infiltration rates are relatively low with high evapotranspiration, resulting in vertical separation between repository and water table and thus longer transport paths to an aquifer. Accumulations of alluvial sediments within these basins are typically on the order of hundreds of meters, and locally may exceed 1,000 m in thickness, as is the case for the Deming sub-basin in southern New Mexico. A thick geologic host medium, which serves as the natural barrier system (NBS) in the conceptual model framework of a geologic disposal system, isolates the waste packages from receptors in the biosphere. Further, alluvial basin fill is typically comprised of stacked playa and lacustrine deposits along the basin axis (Perry et al., 2018). Characterized by low permeability, these layers protect the biosphere above the repository and the groundwater resources below the repository.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2022

Incorporating Heterogeneity into 3D Geologic Models for the Alluvial Basin Reference Case

The unsaturated zone alluvium reference case is one of several geologic systems under consideration by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy for hosting repositories for spent nuclear fuel and associated waste (Sevougian et al., 2019). As noted by Mariner et al. (2018), the generic alluvial basin offers positive attributes that merit its consideration as a reference case by the Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology (SFWST) campaign. Hundreds of alluvial basins and sub-basins are scattered across the arid western United States (Figure 1-1). Precipitation and infiltration rates are relatively low with high evapotranspiration, resulting in deep regional water tables. Deep regional water tables allow for significant vertical separation between proposed repository depths and groundwater and thus longer transport paths from a hypothetical repository to an aquifer. Accumulations of alluvial sediments within these basins are typically on the order of hundreds of meters, and locally may exceed 1,000 m in thickness, as is the case for the Deming sub-basin in southern New Mexico. In alluvial basins, alluvium creates a thick geologic host medium that serves as the natural barrier system (NBS) in the conceptual model framework of a geologic disposal system and isolates the waste packages from receptors in the biosphere. Further, alluvial basin fill is typically comprised of stacked playa and lacustrine deposits along the basin axis (Perry et al., 2018). Characterized by low permeability, these layers protect the biosphere above the repository and the groundwater resources below the repository by limiting flow and transport of radionuclides.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2021

Measurement of the CKM angle γ in B ± → DK ± and B ± → Dπ ± decays with D → $ {K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 $h + h -

A measurement of CP -violating observables is performed using the decays B ± → DK ± and B ± → Dπ ± , where the D meson is reconstructed in one of the self-conjugate three-body final states \( {K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 \) π + π - and \( {K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 \) K + K - (commonly denoted \( {K}_{\mathrm{S}}^0 \) h + h - ). The decays are analysed in bins of the D -decay phase space, leading to a measurement that is independent of the modelling of the D -decay amplitude. The observables are inter- preted in terms of the CKM angle γ . Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb - 1 collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV with the LHCb experiment, γ is measured to be \( \left({68.7}_{-5.1}^{+5.2}\right){}^{\circ} \) . The hadronic parameters \( {r}_B^{D K},{r}_B^{D\pi},{\delta}_B^{D K},\kern0.5em \mathrm{and}\kern0.5em {\delta}_B^{D\pi} \) , which are the ratios and strong-phase differences of the suppressed and favoured B ± decays, are also reported.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Adjoint Klein-Nishina Sampling Methods: Efficiency, Speed and Applications

Three new rejection sampling methods for generating samples from the adjoint Klein-Nishina cross section are discussed: the two-branch rejection sampling procedure, the three-branch linear rejection sampling procedure and the three-branch inverse rejection sampling procedure. These methods have all been implemented in the Framework for REsearch in Nuclear ScIence and Engineering (FRENSIE). The efficiency and sample generation rate of each of these methods are evaluated to characterize the methods and to make recommendations regarding their use. The use of these methods in realistic transport simulations is also evaluated by incorporating a scattering function into the sampling process. Furthermore, the results of an infinite medium problem are presented to verify that the sampling procedure can be used in an adjoint Monte Carlo simulation to generate results that are in agreement with an equivalent forward simulation.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurements of the suppression and correlations of dijets in Xe+Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV

Measurements of the suppression and correlations of dijets is performed using 3 µb –1 of Xe+Xe data at $\sqrt{s{NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Dijets with jets reconstructed using the R = 0.4 anti- k t algorithm are measured differentially in jet p T over the range of 32 to 398 GeV and the centrality of the collisions. Significant dijet momentum imbalance is found in the most central Xe+Xe collisions, which decreases in more peripheral collisions. Results from the measurement of per-pair normalized and absolutely normalized dijet p T balance are compared with previous Pb + Pb measurements at $\sqrt{s{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The differences between the dijet suppression in Xe+Xe and Pb + Pb are further quantified by the ratio of pair nuclear-modification factors. The results are found to be consistent with those measured in Pb + Pb data when compared in classes of the same event activity and when taking into account the difference between the center-of-mass energies of the initial parton scattering process in Xe+Xe and Pb + Pb collisions. These results should provide input for a better understanding of the role of energy density, system size, path length, and fluctuations in the parton energy loss.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Extraction of the neutron F 2 structure function from inclusive proton and deuteron deep-inelastic scattering data

The available world deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) data on proton and deuteron structure functions F 2 p , F 2 d , and their ratios are leveraged to extract the free neutron F 2 n structure function, the F 2 n / F 2 p ratio, and associated uncertainties using the latest nuclear effect calculations in the deuteron. Special attention is devoted to the normalization of the proton and deuteron experimental datasets and to the treatment of correlated systematic errors, as well as the quantification of procedural and theoretical uncertainties. The extracted F 2 n dataset is utilized to evaluate the Q 2 dependence of the Gottfried sum rule and the nonsinglet F 2 p − F 2 n moments. To facilitate replication of our study, as well as for general applications, we provide a comprehensive DIS database including all recent Jefferson Lab 6 GeV measurements, the extracted F n 2 , a modified CTEQ-JLab global parton distribution function fit named CJ15nlo_mod, and grids with calculated proton, neutron, and deuteron DIS structure functions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

CERBERUS: CED-2 Final Design Report

The goal of the Critical Experiment Reflected By copper to bEtteR Understand Scattering [CERBERUS] is to design a critical experiment that maximizes sensitivities to copper (Cu) reactions, particularly in the intermediate energy region (0.625 eV – 100 keV) as well as the 100 – 600 keV energy region. Despite the number of experiments evaluated in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook1 , there is still a lack of benchmarks sensitive to neutrons in the intermediate energy region. The ZEUS series was designed specifically to provide data in the intermediate energy range. The ZEUS series used Cu reflectors to allow for the construction of an intermediate energy system that could be constructed within a reasonable size. While the reflection provided by Cu reduces the size of the system, it creates a system that is very sensitive to the angular scattering in Cu. A neutron scattering off Cu at some angles reflects back into to the system, while at other angles, it is lost entirely. Of the ICSBEP benchmarks sensitive to neutrons in the intermediate energy region, very few are also sensitive to Cu in that region. Improving Cu nuclear data is important outside of the ZEUS series, because it is present in many bronze and aluminum alloys, which are used in various nuclear operations such as motors, wires, and some containers.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1976

The Her X-1 spectrum - A measure of the field near the magnetic poles of a neutron star

The steep high energy cutoff observed in the spectrum for Her X-1 is analyzed in terms of the severely modified Thomson scattering that dominates the radiative transfer in a highly magnetized plasma near the surface of a neutron star. The data are shown to indicate a field of about 10 to the 13th G near the magnetic poles and the stopping of accreting matter by nuclear collisions in the neighboring plasma

Boldt, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Physics through the 1990s: Atomic, molecular and optical physics

The volume presents a program of research initiatives in atomic, molecular, and optical physics. The current state of atomic, molecular, and optical physics in the US is examined with respect to demographics, education patterns, applications, and the US economy. Recommendations are made for each field, with discussions of their histories and the relevance of the research to government agencies. The section on atomic physics includes atomic theory, structure, and dynamics; accelerator-based atomic physics; and large facilities. The section on molecular physics includes spectroscopy, scattering theory and experiment, and the dynamics of chemical reactions. The section on optical physics discusses lasers, laser spectroscopy, and quantum optics and coherence. A section elucidates interfaces between the three fields and astrophysics, condensed matter physics, surface science, plasma physics, atmospheric physics, and nuclear physics. Another section shows applications of the three fields in ultra-precise measurements, fusion, national security, materials, medicine, and other topics.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS2004

Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV: Asteroids, Meteors, Comets

Reports included:Long Term Stability of Mars Trojans; Horseshoe Asteroids and Quasi-satellites in Earth-like Orbits; Effect of Roughness on Visible Reflectance Spectra of Planetary Surface; SUBARU Spectroscopy of Asteroid (832) Karin; Determining Time Scale of Space Weathering; Change of Asteroid Reflectance Spectra by Space Weathering: Pulse Laser Irradiation on Meteorite Samples; Reflectance Spectra of CM2 Chondrite Mighei Irradiated with Pulsed Laser and Implications for Low-Albedo Asteroids and Martian Moons; Meteorite Porosities and Densities: A Review of Trends in the Data; Small Craters in the Inner Solar System: Primaries or Secondaries or Both?; Generation of an Ordinary-Chondrite Regolith by Repetitive Impact; Asteroid Modal Mineralogy Using Hapke Mixing Models: Validation with HED Meteorites; Particle Size Effect in X-Ray Fluorescence at a Large Phase Angle: Importance on Elemental Analysis of Asteroid Eros (433); An Investigation into Solar Wind Depletion of Sulfur in Troilite; Photometric Behaviour Dependent on Solar Phase Angle and Physical Characteristics of Binary Near-Earth-Asteroid (65803) 1996 GT; Spectroscopic Observations of Asteroid 4 Vesta from 1.9 to 3.5 micron: Evidence of Hydrated and/or Hydroxylated Minerals; Multi-Wavelength Observations of Asteroid 2100 Ra-Shalom: Visible, Infrared, and Thermal Spectroscopy Results; New Peculiarities of Cometary Outburst Activity; Preliminary Shape Modeling for the Asteroid (25143) Itokawa, AMICA of Hayabusa Mission; Scientific Capability of MINERVA Rover in Hayabusa Asteroid Mission; Characteristics and Current Status of Near Infrared Spectrometer for Hayabusa Mission; Sampling Strategy and Curation Plan of Hayabusa Asteroid Sample Return Mission; Visible/Near-Infrared Spectral Properties of MUSES C Target Asteroid 25143 Itokawa; Calibration of the NEAR XRS Solar Monitor; Modeling Mosaic Degradation of X-Ray Measurements of 433 Eros by NEAR-Shoemaker; Scattered Light Remediation and Recalibration of near Sheomaker s NIS Global Dataaset at 433 Eros; Evaluation of Preparation and Measuring Techniques for Interplanetary Dust Particles for the MIDAS Experiment on Rosetta; Chiron: a Proposed Remote Sensing Prompt Gamma Ray Activation Analysis Instrument for a Nuclear Powered Prometheus Mission;From Present Surveying to Future Prospecting of the Asteroid Belt; Asteroid Physical Properties Probe Microgravity Testing of a Surface Sampling System for Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies;and Penetrator Coring Apparatus for Cometary Surfaces.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2022

Extraction of Deep Inelastic Cross Sections Using a 10.4 GeV Electron Beam and a Polarized Helium-3 Target

Experiment E12-06-121 at Jefferson Lab aims to do a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function g2 using inclusive inelastic scattering of electrons over a large kinematic range of x and Q2. The third moment of the linear combination of the spin structure functions g1 and g2, d2, is one of the cleanest higher twist observables and contains information on quark-gluon correlations. It is connected to the \color polarizability or \color Lorentz force" of the nucleon. The experimental data taking was successfully conducted in Hall C using a longitudinally polarized electron beam with 10.4 GeV energy, and a polarized 3He gas target. The combination of the Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) and the High Momentum Spectrometer (HMS) allowed us to run the experiment for three constant Q2 values (3.0, 4.3, and 5.6 GeV2/c2) over a wide range of x (0:20 < x < 0:95) for the ?first time. To extract the neutron spin structure functions, precision determination of the unpolarized cross-sections and double spin asymmetries are required. The analysis of the deep inelastic scattering data and the results from the ?first measurements of unpolarized 3He cross-sections are reported in this work. The extracted cross-sections will be combined with the electron asymmetry results (ongoing work) to obtain the g2 and d2 of 3He. Finally, nuclear correction to the 3He results will have to be applied to extract g2 and d2 for the neutrons.

Roy, Murchhana↗
DOE OSTI2020

Probing Few-Body Nuclear Dynamics via H 3 and He 3 ( e , e ' p ) pn Cross-Section Measurements

Here, we report the first measurement of the (e, e' p) three-body breakup reaction cross sections in helium-3 ( 3 He) and tritium ( 3 H) at large momentum transfer ($\langle{Q^2}\rangle$ ≈ 1.9 (GeV/c) 2 ) and x B > 1 kinematics, where the cross section should be sensitive to quasielastic (QE) scattering from single nucleons. The data cover missing momenta 40 ≤ p miss ≤ 500 MeV/c that, in the QE limit with no rescattering, equals the initial momentum of the probed nucleon. The measured cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations. Overall good agreement, within ±20%, is observed between data and calculations for the full p miss range for 3 H and for 100 ≤ p miss ≤ 350 MeV/c for 3 He. Including the effects of rescattering of the outgoing nucleon improves agreement with the data at p miss > 250 MeV/c and suggests contributions from charge-exchange (SCX) rescattering. The isoscalar sum of 3 He plus 3 H, which is largely insensitive to SCX, is described by calculations to within the accuracy of the data over the entire pmiss range. This validates current models of the ground state of the three-nucleon system up to very high initial nucleon momenta of 500 MeV/c.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Monte Carlo simulation of the passage of $\gamma$-rays and $\alpha$-particles in CsI

In this work, theoretical and computational methods for simulating the creation of ionization tracks by fast ions in solids were applied to the passage of a-particles in CsI, an inorganic scintillator commonly used for radiation detection. The methods were implemented in a Monte Carlo program to simulate the interaction of $\alpha$-particles, with incident energies of up to 1 MeV, with CsI. The simulations followed the fate of individual electron-hole pairs and thus allowed for a detailed description of the microscopic structure of ionization tracks created by incident radiation. Simulations were also performed with $\gamma$-rays of the same energy to compare and contrast the ionization tracks obtained with both types of particle. Intrinsic properties such as the mean energy per electron-hole pair, Fano factor, maximum theoretical light yield, and spatial distributions of electron-hole pairs were computed for both $\alpha$-particles and $\gamma$-rays. $\alpha$-particles created cylindrical tracks that were initially aligned with the incident direction and with initial radii of a few nanometers, whereas $\gamma$-rays showed significant scattering, resulting in probability distributions with lower intensities and much greater radial extents.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2023

Functionalized Silicon Particles for Enhanced Half- and Full-Cell Cycling of Si-Based Li-Ion Batteries

Vinylene carbonate (VC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been investigated as functional agents that mimic the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry of silicon (Si). VC and PEO are known to contribute to the stability of Si-based lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte additive and as a SEI component, respectively. In this work, covalent surface functionalization was achieved via a facile route, which involves ball-milling the Si particles with sacrificial VC and PEO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy indicate that the additives are strongly bound to Si. In particular, MAS NMR shows Si–R or Si–O–R groups, which confirm functionalization of the Si after milling in VC or PEO. Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering reveals that the additives facilitate particle size reduction and that the functionalized particles result in more stable dispersions based on zeta potential measurements. Raman mapping of the electrodes fabricated from the VC and PEO-coated active material with a polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder reveals a more homogenous distribution of Si and the carbon conductive additive compared to the electrodes prepared from the neat Si. Furthermore, the VC-milled Si strikingly exhibited the highest capacity in both half- and full-cell configurations, with more than 200 mAh g –1 measured capacity compared to the neat Si in the half-cell format. This is linked to an improved electrode processing based on the Raman and zeta potential measurements as well as a thinner SEI (with more organic components for the functionalized Si relative to the neat Si) based on XPS analysis of the cycled electrodes. In conclusion, the effect of binder was also investigated by comparing PAA with P84 (polyimide type), where an increased capacity is observed in the latter case.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Bulk Production of Any Ratio 12 C: 13 C Turbostratic Flash Graphene and Its Unusual Spectroscopic Characteristics

As graphene enjoys worldwide research and deployment, the biological impact, geologic degradation, environmental retention, and even some physical phenomena remain less well studied. Bulk production of 13 C-graphene yields a powerful route to study all of these questions. Gram scale synthesis of high quality and high purity turbostratic flash graphene with varying amounts of 13 C-enrichment, from 5% to 99% is reported here. Here, the material is characterized by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Notably, an unusual enhancement in the Raman spectroscopic D’ peak is observed, resulting from the modification in vibrational frequency through isotopic enrichment favoring intravalley phonon scattering modes. While the IR absorbance spectrum of graphene is for the most part silent, we prepare here 13 C-enhanced graphene samples that show a large aromatic 12 C= 13 C stretch that reveals this IR-active mode.

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT↗