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Stakeholder Analysis Report Subtask 3.3 – CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin Topical Report 8

Effective stakeholder engagement has been proven to be a critical component in the success of numerous CCS activities and is essential if the technology is to be widely developed in the future. This report contains a stakeholder assessment and highlights some engagement activities conducted during the CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin Prefeasibility study. This report is intended to lay the groundwork and provide recommendations for the Wabash CarbonSAFE Feasibility project, currently underway in conjunction with the Wabash Valley Resources ammonia plant retrofit taking place at the former Terre Haute US DOE integrated gasification combined cycle plant. The analysis sets the stage for identifying and understanding the concerns of key stakeholders, describes actions currently underway, highlights perceptions of potential benefits and risks of project activities, and provides recommendations for short- and long-term forms of engagement. This study used social site characterization methods to better understand local and regional stakeholder positions and needs. The stakeholder engagement strategy will emphasize engagement with stakeholders that enable project development and those that are impacted by the project. The stakeholder analysis process can be broken down into the four basic steps of: identifying, analyzing, mapping, and prioritizing. Various stakeholders were identified by literature search, and additionally by a group of approximately twenty Indiana University SPEA master’s students via a stakeholder workshop. The stakeholder analysis and mapping process is used to help prioritize stakeholder engagement strategies; engagement strategies must be developed with particular stakeholder concerns in mind and messages tailored to those stakeholders’ needs. The stakeholder map with engagement strategy developed for this analysis suggests state government, industry, federal government, and state education are predicted to have the highest interest and influence and should be a priority focus in engagement. Local media, local landowners, local government, and utilities are predicted to have high influence but low interest and may also be a high priority group to engage. Environmental and economic impacts of activities that are considered to be important by stakeholders in the present day (key) or activities that have taken place in the past (legacy) can impact stakeholder perspectives and need to be considered when creating a stakeholder engagement strategy. The issue of environmental clean-up was identified in both the social media analysis and also through USEPA Environmental Justice analysis tools. Thus, it is clear this will be an important factor for consideration in any stakeholder engagement conducted in and around Terre Haute. Furthermore, stakeholder engagement education materials will need to emphasize that carbon dioxide is not a hazardous material, as well as address FAQs regarding CCS. In addition, recommendations for consideration when developing the stakeholder engagement strategy for projects in the Illinois East Sub-Basin in general and related to the Wabash CarbonSAFE project specifically include: drawing clear lines of responsibility between Wabash Valley Resources and ISGS-led Wabash CarbonSAFE that allow the projects to manage integration and messaging; the need for ISGS and other partners to maintain objectivity and remain trusted sources of information; monitoring of social media and continuing to engage with key stakeholder groups; and providing support for key stakeholders to become sources of project information and project champions.

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Developing CO 2 Source and Storage Opportunities across the Illinois Basin Subtask 5.3 – Regional Roadmap for Source Network and Storage Deployment Topical Report

Large-scale anthropogenic CO 2 sources (>100,000 tonnes/year) were catalogued for the CarbonSAFE Illinois East Sub-Basin carbon capture and storage pre-feasibility study. The source portfolio is diverse, consisting of fossil-base power production, ethanol production operations, chemical development, and refinery facilities, most of which are relatively new or modernized (i.e. post year 2000). Ten facilities were considered for potential commercial-scale geological storage in a regional CO 2 source and storage network study. The study area has a number of potential geologic sequestration targets, including three significant deep saline reservoirs with corresponding seals, and potential enhanced oil recovery (EOR) opportunities. Recent research has focused on a high-porosity, highly arkosic zone within the Lower Mt. Simon Sandstone. Based on this work, we present a conceptual CO 2 source and storage network, which focuses on the arkosic zone in the Lower Mt. Simon as a prospective storage resource play in the Illinois East Sub-Basin region.

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Characterization of Oxy-Coal Swirl Injector

The article presents the design and testing of a coal-slurry swirl-pintle injector for high pressure oxy-coal combustion systems. Pressurized oxy-coal combustion-based systems have the potential to improve efficiency by recovering latent heat of the steam in flue gas and achieve 90% CO2 capture. In oxy-coal combustion, coal is burned in the presence of pure oxygen, which results in higher efficiency and less greenhouse gas in the exhaust. With the advancement of pressurized oxy-coal combustor research, there is a need to investigate injector technology suitable for this unique combustion approach. Effective atomization and mixing of coal-slurry and oxidizer pose a challenge for the efficient burning of coal particles. A swirl-pintle type injector was designed and tested to enhance the atomization of the coal-water slurry spray by adding a swirl to the oxygen flow path. Although pintle type injectors are traditionally used in rocket engines, they present a promising approach in clean coal combustion technology due to higher mixing effectiveness and enhanced performance. The mixing behavior of three pintle injectors with different swirl numbers (S = 0, 0.9, and 1.2) was tested using a high-speed shadow sizing technique. Mixture ratios of 30% (by mass) coal-water slurry were studied. The droplet diameter and dispersion characteristics were determined from shadow images of coal-water spray. The jet breakup length, droplet number, total moment ratio (TMR), and Ohnesorge number were then calculated to compare the performance of different injectors. The paper presents an empirical correlation of the TMR with droplet size and spray regimes. For a pintle injector with S = 1.2 swirler, the droplets diameter was found to be in the range of 1 mm to 12 mm. The jet breakup length was also shorter in comparison to S= 0 and 0.9 injectors. A second atomization zone was also observed at 2 and 5 diameters downstream of injector exist at spray edge and jet core respectively

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U.S. Incentives to Capture and Store CO 2

Fact sheet on the 45Q tax credit. 45Q was created in 2008 as a tax credit to incentivize the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects.

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Section 45Q

Fact sheet on the 45Q tax credit. 45Q was created in 2008 as a tax credit to incentivize the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects.

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Optimization and purification of magnesium borides fabricated by combustion synthesis and by high-temperature sintering

Hydrogen as a fuel provides several benefits over the use of fossil fuels; however, one challenge in utilizing hydrogen as an energy carrier revolves around its storage. Achieving sufficient volumetric hydrogen density in a storage solution will facilitate hydrogen’s adoption for use in both stationary and mobile applications. Solid-state hydrogen storage provides a promising pathway to solving this problem. However, the hydrogenation of these materials is characterized by slow kinetics and extreme thermodynamic conditions. Magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2) is a promising material in hydrogen storage due to its reversible properties and a theoretical hydrogen capacity of 14.9 wt.%. To synthesize this material, combustion synthesis of magnesium borides (MgBx) has been implemented with the aim to further lower thermodynamic requirements for direct hydrogenation. A drawback of this process is the potential formation of oxide contaminants, which decrease hydrogenation/dehydrogenation and recyclability performance. The present work focuses on identifying parameters useful for reducing contamination and evaluating potential pathways to the purification of magnesium borides with the goal of improving their quality.

Camarena, Miguel Joaquin↗

CO 2 Enhanced Oil Recovery in the Dickinson Lodgepole Mounds

This fact sheet describes the opportunity to use carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO 2 EOR) in the Dickinson Lodgepole Mounds of Stark County, North Dakota. It highlights how geology and established practices can increase oil production while securely storing CO 2 and supporting local communities.

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