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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,531 records · Page 85
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2023

Two decades of fumigation data from the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment facility

Abstract The Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility is the longest running open-air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment facility in the world. For over two decades, soybean, maize, and other crops have been exposed to the elevated carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations anticipated for late this century. The facility, located in East Central Illinois, USA, exposes crops to different atmospheric concentrations in replicated octagonal ~280 m 2 Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) treatment plots. Each FACE plot is paired with an untreated control (ambient) plot. The experiment provides important ground truth data for predicting future crop productivity. Fumigation data from SoyFACE were collected every four seconds throughout each growing season for over two decades. Here, we organize, quality control, and collate 20 years of data to facilitate trend analysis and crop modeling efforts. This paper provides the rationale for and a description of the SoyFACE experiments, along with a summary of the fumigation data and collation process, weather and ambient data collection procedures, and explanations of air pollution metrics and calculations.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Scalable synthesis of nanoporous atomically thin graphene membranes for dialysis and molecular separations via facile isopropanol-assisted hot lamination

Scalable graphene synthesis and facile large-area membrane fabrication are imperative to advance nanoporous atomically thin membranes (NATMs) for molecular separations. Although chemical vapor deposition (CVD) allows for roll-to-roll high-quality monolayer graphene synthesis, facile transfer with atomically clean interfaces to porous supports for large-area NATM fabrication remains extremely challenging. Sacrificial polymer scaffolds commonly used for graphene transfer typically leave polymer residues detrimental to membrane performance and transfers without polymer scaffolds suffer from low yield resulting in high non-selective leakage through NATMs. In this study, we systematically study the factors influencing graphene NATM fabrication and report on a novel roll-to-roll manufacturing compatible isopropanol-assisted hot lamination (IHL) process that enables scalable, facile and clean transfer of CVD graphene on to polycarbonate track etched (PCTE) supports with coverage ≥99.2%, while preserving support integrity/porosity. We demonstrate fully functional centimeter-scale graphene NATMs that show record high permeances (~2–3 orders of magnitude higher) and better selectivity than commercially available state-of-the-art polymeric dialysis membranes, specifically in the 0–1000 Da range. Our work highlights a scalable approach to fabricate graphene NATMs for practical applications and is fully compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Machine learning enabling high-throughput and remote operations at large-scale user facilities

Imaging, scattering, and spectroscopy are fundamental in understanding and discovering new functional materials. Contemporary innovations in automation and experimental techniques have led to these measurements being performed much faster and with higher resolution, thus producing vast amounts of data for analysis. These innovations are particularly pronounced at user facilities and synchrotron light sources. Machine learning (ML) methods are regularly developed to process and interpret large datasets in real-time with measurements. However, there remain conceptual barriers to entry for the facility general user community, whom often lack expertise in ML, and technical barriers for deploying ML models. Herein, we demonstrate a variety of archetypal ML models for on-the-fly analysis at multiple beamlines at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). We describe these examples instructively, with a focus on integrating the models into existing experimental workflows, such that the reader can easily include their own ML techniques into experiments at NSLS-II or facilities with a common infrastructure. The framework presented here shows how with little effort, diverse ML models operate in conjunction with feedback loops via integration into the existing Bluesky Suite for experimental orchestration and data management.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Shielding and Activation Analyses for BTF Facility at SNS

The beam test facility (BTF), which simulates front end of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), has been built at the SNS, and is preparing for commissioning. The BTF has been assembled and will operate in one of service buildings at the site. The 2.5 MeV proton beam, produced in the facility, will be stopped in the beam dump. In order to support BTF project from radiation protection site, neutronics simulations and activation analyses were performed to evaluate the necessary shielding around the facility and radionuclide inventory of the beam stop.

Popova, Irina I.↗
DOE OSTI2011

A novel facility for ageing materials with narrow-band ultraviolet radiation exposure

A facility for exploring wavelength dependencies in ultraviolet (UV) radiation induced degradation in materials has been designed and constructed. The device is essentially a spectrograph separating light from a lamp to spectrally resolved UV radiation. It is based on a 1 kW xenon lamp and a flat-field concave holographic grating 10 cm in diameter. Radiation at the wavelength range 250-500 nm is dispersed onto the sample plane of 1.5 cm in height and 21 cm in width. The optical performance of the device has been characterized by radiometric measurements. Using the facility, test samples prepared of regular newspaper have been irradiated from 1 to 8 h. Color changes on the different locations of the aged samples have been quantified by color measurements. Yellowness indices computed from the color measurements demonstrate the capability of the facility in revealing wavelength dependencies of the material property changes in reasonable time frames.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Can-AMS: The New Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility At The University Of Ottawa

The Canadian Centre for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) at the University of Ottawa will be equipped with a new, 3 MV tandem accelerator with peripheral equipment for the analysis of elements ranging from tritium to the actinides. This facility, along with a wide array of support instrumentation recently funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, will be located in a new science building on the downtown campus of the University of Ottawa. In addition to providing the standard AMS measurements on {sup 14}C, {sup 10}Be, {sup 26}Al, {sup 36}Cl and {sup 129}I for earth, environmental, cultural and biomedical sciences, this facility will incorporate the new technologies of anion isobar separation at low energies using RFQ chemical reaction cells for {sup 36}Cl and new heavy element applications, integrated sample combustion and gas ion source for biomedical and environmental {sup 14}C analysis and the use of novel target matrices for expanding the range of applicable elements and simplifying sample preparation, all currently being developed at IsoTrace. This paper will outline the design goals for the new facility, present some details of the new AMS technologies, in particular the Isobar Separator for Anions and discuss the design of the AMS system resulting from these requirements.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2011

Production of high intensity Beta beams at the ISOLDE facility

We discuss a design study devoted to a construction of the Beta beams facility at CERN, a next generation European facility aiming for a production of pure and collimated ultra-relativistic beam of electron (anti)neutrinos with help of accelerated {beta}-decaying radioactive ions circulating in a storage decay ring. This high intense source of (anti)neutrinos directed towards a remote underground neutrino detector will allow to measure neutrino oscillations with high accuracy offering a unique chance for establishing a value of the {beta}{sub 13} mixing angle and CP violating phase. Recently, a significant progress have been achieved on the conceptual design of high power targets required for a production and an extraction of two baseline isotopes, {sup 6}He and {sup 18}Ne, at the unexampled rate of several 10{sup 13} ions/s. There is a possibility to produce these isotopes using the so-called Isotope Separation On Line (ISOL) method at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). The {sup 6}He production is realized by taking advantage of the {sup 9}Be(n,{alpha}){sup 6}He reaction and with help of spallation neutrons and porous BeO target material. The production of {sup 18}Ne through the {sup 19}F(p,2n){sup 18}Ne reaction at required intensities is even more challenging. Currently, a molten salt (NaF) loop target is proposed for a production of high rate of {sup 18}Ne required for the Beta beams project. The progress on the design study associated with new data and plans for future is briefly presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2012

LASERIX: An open facility for developments of soft X-ray and EUV lasers and applications

LASERIX is a high-power laser facility leading to High-repetition-rate XUV laser pumped by Titanium:Sapphire laser. The aim of this laser facility is to offer Soft XRLs in the 30-7 nm range and auxiliary IR beam that could also be used to produce synchronized XUV sources. This experimental configuration highly enhances the scientific opportunities of the facility, giving thus the opportunity to realize both X-ray laser experiments and more generally pump/probe experiments, mixing IR and XUV sources. In this contribution, the main results concerning both the development of XUV sources(X-Ray lasers and HHG sources) and their use for applications are presented.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Light ion production for a future radiobiological facility at CERN: Preliminary studies

Recent medical applications of ions such as carbon and helium have proved extremely effective for the treatment of human patients. However, before now a comprehensive study of the effects of different light ions on organic targets has not been completed. There is a strong desire for a dedicated facility which can produce ions in the range of protons to neon in order to perform this study. This paper will present the proposal and preliminary investigations into the production of light ions, and the development of a radiobiological research facility at CERN. The aims of this project will be presented along with the modifications required to the existing linear accelerator (Linac3), and the foreseen facility, including the requirements for an ion source in terms of some of the specification parameters and the flexibility of operation for different ion types. Preliminary results from beam transport simulations will be presented, in addition to some planned tests required to produce some of the required light ions (lithium, boron) to be conducted in collaboration with the Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Berlin.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Design of a horizontal test cryostat for superconducting RF cavities for the FREIA facility at Uppsala University

Uppsala University is constructing a large scale facility, called FREIA (Facility for Research Instrumentation and Accelerator Development). FREIA includes a helium liquefier and an accelerator test facility and has the capacity to test superconducting radio-frequency (RF) cavities with the same RF system and RF power level as in an accelerator. A central element of FREIA is a horizontal test cryostat connected in closed loop to a helium liquefier. This cryostat can house two fully equipped (tuners, piezo, power coupler, helium tank) superconducting cavities to perform full RF high power tests and operate at temperatures between 1.8 K and 4.2 K. The cryostat is designed to accommodate a large array of superconducting cavities and magnets, among which the European Spallation Source (ESS) type spoke and high-β elliptical cavities as well as TESLA/ILC type elliptical cavities. The present status of the project and the design of the cryostat are reported.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2015

Compact anti-radon facility

Suppression of radon background is one of main tasks in ultra-low background experiments. The most promising technique for suppression of radon is its adsorption on charcoal. Within the frame of the NEMO-3 experiment, radon trapping facility (RTF) was installed in Modane underground laboratory in 2004. Based on long-term experience with this facility a new compact transportable anti-radon facility was constructed in cooperation among IEAP CTU, SÚRO and ATEKO company. The device provides 20m{sup 3}/h of purified air (air radon activity at the output ∼10mBq/m{sup 3}). The basic features and preliminary results of anti-radon device testing are presented.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2016

Observation of fast expansion velocity with insulating tungsten wires on ∼80 kA facility

This paper presents experimental results on the effects of insulating coatings on tungsten planar wire array Z-pinches on an 80 kA, 100 ns current facility. Expansion velocity is obviously increased from ∼0.25 km/s to ∼3.5 km/s by using the insulating coatings. It can be inferred that the wire cores are in gaseous state with this fast expansion velocity. An optical framing camera and laser probing images show that the standard wire arrays have typical ablation process which is similar to their behaviors on mega-ampere facilities. The ablation process and precursor plasma are suppressed for dielectric tungsten wires. The wire array implosion might be improved if these phenomena can be reproduced on Mega-ampere facilities.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Additively manufactured electrodes for plasma and power-flow studies in high-power transmission lines on the 1-MA MAIZE facility

Power-flow studies on the 30-MA, 100-ns Z facility at Sandia National Laboratories have shown that plasmas in the facility’s magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) and double post-hole convolute can result in a loss of current delivered to the load. To study power-flow physics on the 1-MA, 100-ns MAIZE facility at the University of Michigan, planar MITL loads and planar post-hole convolute loads have been developed that extend into the lines of sight for various imaging diagnostics on MAIZE. These loads use 3D-printed dielectric support structures lined with thin foils of either aluminum or stainless steel. Here, the metal foils serve as the current-carrying power-flow surfaces, which generate plasma during the current pulse. The foil thickness (50 µm) and widths (11.5–16 mm) are selected to ensure a sufficient linear current density (0.5–0.7 MA/cm) for plasma formation. Laser backlighting (532 nm) and visible-light self-emission imaging capture the overall plasma evolution in the anode–cathode gaps, including the gap closure velocities (1–4 cm/μs).

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2024

The ion-gas-neutral interactions with surfaces-2 (IGNIS-2) facility for the study of plasma–material interactions

The Ion-Gas-Neutral Interactions with Surfaces-2 (IGNIS-2) surface science facility has been designed at the Pennsylvania State University with the specific purpose of enabling experiments to study plasma–material interactions. This in situ surface modification and characterization facility consists of multiple reconfigurable substations that are connected through a central transfer chamber. This fully connected vacuum system ensures that the physical and chemical properties of samples are not altered between surface modification and analysis. The modification techniques in IGNIS-2 include a low-energy (<300 eV), high-flux (up to 1016 cm−2 s−1) broad-beam ion source, a liquid metal dropper, a lithium injection system, an RF sputter source, and an evaporator. Its characterization techniques include charged particle-based techniques, such as low-energy ion scattering (enabled by two <5 keV ion sources) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photon and light-based techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence, multi-beam optical stress sensors, and optical cameras. All of these techniques can be utilized up to mTorr pressures, allowing both in situ and in operando studies to be conducted. Results are presented on lithium wetting experiments of argon-irradiated tungsten-based composites, surface stress measurements of tungsten films during deuterium ion irradiation, and temperature-programmed desorption of deuterium-irradiated graphite to demonstrate the in situ capabilities of this new facility.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2025

Simultaneous hard x-ray Talbot phase and dark-field imaging in laser experiments at XFEL facilities

X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facilities offer unprecedented opportunities to advance instrumentation for studying matter under extreme conditions. In this study, we harnessed the enhanced x-ray capabilities of XFELs to demonstrate dark field imaging in laser-driven experiments at XFEL facilities. Utilizing a Talbot x-ray interferometer, we simultaneously captured transmission, dark-field, and differential phase contrast radiographs of laser-driven metallic foils. Our work showcases the feasibility of single-shot grating-based Talbot x-ray dark-field imaging in pump-probe experiments at XFEL facilities, opening doors to a wide range of hard x-ray imaging applications in material science and high-energy density physics.

Bouffetier, V. [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendo↗
DOE OSTI2020

Benchmark Simulation of the Natural Convection Shutdown Heat Removal Test Facility Using SAM

Natural convection systems are a promising method to passively remove heat from reactor cavities during loss of forced flow accident scenarios. In this work at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), a highly instrumented Natural Convection Shutdown Heat Removal Test Facility (NSTF) was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of air-cooled natural convection systems. In previous work, RELAP5-3D simulations were performed on this facility with favorable comparisons to experiment for mass flow rate, pressure drop, air temperature increase, and air velocity. Both experimental and simulation efforts with this facility present a useful opportunity to perform a benchmark study with the System Analysis Module (SAM). SAM is an advanced thermal-hydraulic system code currently in development at ANL for advanced non-light water reactor safety analysis.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Los Alamos Computing Facility During the Manhattan Project

This paper describes the history of the computing facility at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project, 1944 to 1946. While the hand computations are briefly discussed, the paper’s main focus is on the IBM Punch-Card Accounting Machines (PCAMs). During World War II, the Los Alamos facility was one of the most advanced PCAM facilities, both in the machines and in the problems being solved.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Physics and technology in the ion-cyclotron range of frequency on Tore Supra and TITAN test facility: implication for ITER

To support the design of an ITER ion-cyclotron range of frequency heating (ICRH) system and to mitigate risks of operation in ITER, CEA has initiated an ambitious Research & Development program accompanied by experiments on Tore Supra or test-bed facility together with a significant modelling effort. The paper summarizes the recent results in the following areas: Comprehensive characterization (experiments and modelling) of a new Faraday screen concept tested on the Tore Supra antenna. A new model is developed for calculating the ICRH sheath rectification at the antenna vicinity. The model is applied to calculate the local heat flux on Tore Supra and ITER ICRH antennas. Full-wave modelling of ITER ICRH heating and current drive scenarios with the EVE code. With 20 MW of power, a current of 400 kA could be driven on axis in the DT scenario. Comparison between DT and DT(3He) scenario is given for heating and current drive efficiencies. First operation of CW test-bed facility, TITAN, designed for ITER ICRH components testing and could host up to a quarter of an ITER antenna. R&D of high permittivity materials to improve load of test facilities to better simulate ITER plasma antenna loading conditions.

Litaudon, X↗