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At least 1,531 records · Page 85
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Electronic structure evolution in doping of fullerene (C{sub 60}) by ultra-thin layer molybdenum trioxide

Ultra-thin layer molybdenum oxide doping of fullerene has been investigated using ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) can be observed directly with UPS. It is observed that the Fermi level position in fullerene is modified by ultra-thin-layer molybdenum oxide doping, and the HOMO onset is shifted to less than 1.3 eV below the Fermi level. The XPS results indicate that charge transfer was observed from the C{sub 60} to MoO{sub x} and Mo{sup 6+} oxides is the basis as hole dopants.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2011

Direct probe of Mott-Hubbard to charge-transfer insulator transition and electronic structure evolution in transition-metal systems

We report the most direct experimental verification of Mott-Hubbard and charge-transfer insulators through x-ray emission spectroscopy in transition-metal (TM) fluorides. The p-d hybridization features in the spectra allow a straightforward energy alignment of the anion-2p and metal-3d valence states, which visually shows the difference between the two types of insulators. Furthermore, in parallel with the theoretical Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen diagram, a complete experimental systematics of the 3d Coulomb interaction and the 2p-3d charge-transfer energy is reported and could serve as a universal experimental trend for other TM systems including oxides.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the electronic structure of indium-antimonide d bands

The bands and densities of states of d bands in indium antimonide (InSb) are determined taking into account and disregarding the spin-orbit interaction. It is established that taking into account the effect of spin-orbit interaction results also in a substantial change in the dispersion of the obtained bands instead of only in the doublet splitting of the band of core d levels at ∼(0.79–0.86) eV. It is established that it is indium 4d states with e{sub g} and t{sub 2g} symmetry that give the main contribution to the density of states. The calculations are carried out by the LAPW method with the exchange-correlation potential in the generalized gradient approximation (LAPW + GGA)

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity of a Planar Four–Coordinate, Cobalt–Imido Complex

A four-coordinate cobalt imido complex, ( tBu mPNP)Co=NMes ( tBu mPNP = modified PNP pincer ligand) has been synthesized from addition of 2,4,6-trimethylphenylazide (Mes–N 3 ) to the corresponding dinitrogen complex. The solid-state structure determined by X-ray diffraction established a rare, idealized planar geometry with a Co=N bond distance of 1.716(2) Å. Magnetic measurements revealed an S = 1 ground state with CAS-SCF calculations supporting radical character on the imide nitrogen. Here, thermolysis of the cobalt-imido compound induced selective insertion of the imido group into a Co–P bond and yielded a three-coordinate cobalt complex with a distorted T-shaped geometry. Transition state analysis conducted with DFT calculations established the thermodynamic stability of the P–N coupled product and provided insight into the exclusive selectivity.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

An ab initio study of the electronic structure of the boron oxide neutral (BO), cationic (BO{sup +}), and anionic (BO{sup −}) species

The BO neutral, cationic, and anionic molecular species have been painstakingly studied through multireference configuration interaction and single reference coupled cluster methods employing basis sets of quintuple cardinality. Potential energy curves have been constructed for 38 (BO), 37 (BO{sup +}), and 12 (BO{sup −}) states and the usual molecular parameters have been extracted most of which are in very good agreement with the scarce experimental data. Numerous avoided crossings appear on more or less all of the studied states of the neutral and cationic species challenging the validity of the Born Oppenheimer approximation. Finally, all excited states of the anionic system lie above the ground state of the neutral BO system and are therefore resonances.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Oxidation states of binary oxides from data analytics of the electronic structure

Despite their simplicity, the concepts of oxidation states (OS) and Bader charge are widely used in the analysis of experimental data and theoretical calculations for gaining physical and chemical insights. However, a connection between the OS and Bader charge has not been generally demonstrated. To our knowledge, all previous works concerning this connection were limitted to a small number of compounds. The aim of this work was to find a dependency between OS and Bader charge for a large number of compounds from an open database. Using a simple machine learning algorithm, linear regression, we show that a correlation indeed exists for the binary oxide systems. The applicability of determining OS by Bader charges for binary oxides in mixed-valence compounds and surfaces is considered and the limits of validity of the approach is discussed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Underlying simplicity of 5f unoccupied electronic structure

Using a simple empirical model based upon the bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy of elemental Th, it is possible to explain the recent high energy resolution fluorescence detection measurements of UF 4 (n = 2) and UCd 11 (n = 3) as well as the new inverse photoelectron spectroscopy of Pu 2 O 3 (n = 5), where n is the 5f occupation number. Furthermore, a critical issue in this analysis is the assumption that the Th 5f states are essentially empty, which will be confirmed both experimentally and computationally. Thus, for 5f systems, this simple model provides a unified and consistent picture of 5f unoccupied density of states in simple, localized systems, as the 5f occupation varies in the early part of the series, for n = 0, 2, 3, and 5.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

X-ray absorption investigation of the valence state and electronic structure of La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} in comparison with La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} and La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}

3d metal K-shell X-ray absorption spectra of perovskites with the composition La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8), La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) and La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}} (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) are compared on the basis of pre-edges, white line features and extended fine structures. The measurements were performed at 300 K and for La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} also at temperatures as low as 10-20 K. Going to low-temperature the measurements indicate an increase in t{sub 2g}{sup Low-Asterisk} and a decrease in e{sub g}{sup Low-Asterisk} orbital occupancy, which is most accentuated in the LaCoO{sub 3} sample. Virtually no Co K-edge shift was observed for the La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} and La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} compounds and the Co-O distances are also not significantly reduced when La{sup 3+} is partially substituted by Ca{sup 2+} or Sr{sup 2+}. From the pre-edge features of these perovskites we are tended to conclude that the t{sub 2g}{sup Low-Asterisk} orbitals are less, and the e{sub g}{sup Low-Asterisk} orbitals are more occupied with increasing x in the Ca and Sr substituted compounds, whereas the total d-electron density is not changing. These results indicate that cobalt prefers a valence state of 3{sup +} in these Co perovskites. This could also be confirmed with iodometric titrations. The Fe perovskites behave differently. In contrast to the Co perovskites, for La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}} perovskites the Fe K-edge is shifted, the pre-edge features intensity is increasing and the Fe-O bond length is decreasing with increasing x. The valence states of the iron in the La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}} perovskites in fact increase as much as x increases. - Graphical abstract: Co K and Fe K pre-edge of La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} and La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}} perovskites one of the evidences in favor of {delta}=x/2 for the Co-perovskites and {delta}=0 for the Fe-perovskites. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer XAS a valuable tool to evaluate the valence states of Co and Fe perovskites. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For La{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} and La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}CoO{sub 3-{delta}} perovskites {delta} is close to x/2. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer For La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}FeO{sub 3-{delta}} series {delta} is close to 0. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Discussion of the x dependency of the pre-edge bands.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Effect of hole doping on the electronic structure and the Fermi surface in the Hubbard model within norm-conserving cluster pertubation theory

The concentration dependences of the band structure, spectral weight, density of states, and Fermi surface in the paramagnetic state are studied in the Hubbard model within cluster pertubation theory with 2 Multiplication-Sign 2 clusters. Representation of the Hubbard X operators makes it possible to control conservation of the spectral weight in constructing cluster perturbation theory. The calculated value of the ground-state energy is in good agreement with the results obtained using nonperturbative methods such as the quantum Monte Carlo method, exact diagonalization of a 4 Multiplication-Sign 4 cluster, and the variational Monte Carlo method. It is shown that in the case of hole doping, the states in the band gap (in-gap states) lie near the top of the lower Hubbard band for large values of U and near the bottom of the upper band for small U. The concentration dependence of the Fermi surface strongly depends on hopping to second (t Prime ) and third (t Double-Prime ) neighbors. For parameter values typical of HTSC cuprates, the existence of three concentration regions with different Fermi surfaces is demonstrated. It is shown that broadening of the spectral electron density with an energy resolution typical of contemporary ARPES leads to a pattern of arcs with a length depending on the concentration. Only an order-of-magnitude decrease in the linewidth makes it possible to obtain the true Fermi surface from the spectral density. The kinks associated with strong electron correlations are detected in the dispersion relation below the Fermi level.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Experimental and first principle studies on electronic structure of BaTiO{sub 3}

We have carried out photoemission experiments to obtain valence band spectra of various crystallographic symmetries of BaTiO{sub 3} system which arise as a function of temperature. We also present results of a detailed first principle study of these symmetries of BaTiO{sub 3} using generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. Here we present theoretical results of density of states obtained from DFT based simulations to compare with the experimental valence band spectra. Further, we also perform calculations using post density functional approaches like GGA + U method as well as non-local hybrid exchange-correlation potentials like PBE0, B3LYP, HSE in order to understand the extent of effect of correlation on band gaps of different available crystallographic symmetries (5 in number) of BaTiO{sub 3}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Atomistic tight-binding study of electronic structure and interband optical transitions in GaBi{sub x}As{sub 1−x}/GaAs quantum wells

Large-supercell tight-binding calculations are presented for GaBi{sub x}As{sub 1−x}/GaAs single quantum wells (QWs) with Bi fractions x of 3.125% and 12.5%. Our results highlight significant distortion of the valence band states due to the alloy disorder. A large full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) is estimated in the ground state interband transition energy (≈33 meV) at 3.125% Bi, consistent with recent photovoltage measurements for similar Bi compositions. Additionally, the alloy disorder effects are predicted to become more pronounced as the QW width is increased. However, they are less strong at the higher Bi composition (12.5%) required for the design of temperature-stable lasers, with a calculated FWHM of ≈23.5 meV at x = 12.5%.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Surface states and electronic structure of polar and nonpolar InN - An in situ photoelectron spectroscopy study

Valence band structure and surface states of InN with (0001), (000-1), (1-100), and (11-20) orientation were investigated in situ after growth using photoelectron spectroscopy. Depending on surface orientation, different occupied surface states are identified and differentiated from bulk contributions. For N-polar, m-plane, and a-plane InN, the surface states are located at the valence band maximum, while In-polar InN features surface states close to the Fermi level. The surface band alignment correlates with the position of surface states. For InN(0001), a much larger surface downward band bending is observed compared to N-polar, m-plane, and a-plane InN, where almost flat band conditions occur.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

Communication: Configuration interaction combined with spin-projection for strongly correlated molecular electronic structures

We present single and double particle-hole excitations in the recently revived spin-projected Hartree-Fock. Our motivation is to treat static correlation with spin-projection and recover the residual correlation, mostly dynamic in nature, with simple configuration interaction (CI). To this end, we introduce the Wick theorem for nonorthogonal determinants, which enables an efficient implementation in conjunction with the direct CI scheme. The proposed approach, termed spin-extended CI with singles and doubles, achieves a balanced treatment between dynamic and static correlations. To approximately account for the quadruple excitations, we also modify the well-known Davidson correction. We report that our approaches yield surprisingly accurate potential curves for HF, H{sub 2}O, N{sub 2}, and a hydrogen lattice, compared to traditional single reference wave function methods at the same computational scaling as regular CI.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

A photoelectron spectroscopy study of the electronic structure evolution in CuInSe{sub 2}-related compounds at changing copper content

Evolution of the valence-band structure at gradually increasing copper content has been analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in In{sub 2}Se{sub 3}, CuIn{sub 5}Se{sub 8}, CuIn{sub 3}Se{sub 5}, and CuInSe{sub 2} single crystals. A comparison of these spectra with calculated total and angular-momentum resolved density-of-states (DOS) revealed the main trends of this evolution. The formation of the theoretically predicted gap between the bonding and non-bonding states has been observed in both experimental XPS spectra and theoretical DOS.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Local geometric and electronic structures and origin of magnetism in Co-doped BaTiO{sub 3} multiferroics

We have prepared polycrystalline samples BaTi{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O{sub 3} (x = 0–0.1) by solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and Raman-scattering studies reveal the phase separation in crystal structure as changing Co-doping content (x). The samples with x = 0–0.01 are single phase in a tetragonal structure. At higher doping contents (x > 0.01), there is the formation and development of a secondary hexagonal phase. Magnetization measurements at room temperature indicate a coexistence of paramagnetic and weak-ferromagnetic behaviors in BaTi{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O{sub 3} samples with x > 0, while pure BaTiO{sub 3} is diamagnetic. Both these properties increase with increasing x. Analyses of X-ray absorption spectra recorded from BaTi{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O{sub 3} for the Co and Ti K-edges indicate the presence of Co{sup 2+} and Co{sup 3+} ions. They locate in the Ti{sup 4+} site of the tetragonal and hexagonal BaTiO{sub 3} structures. Particularly, there is a shift of oxidation state from Co{sup 2+} to Co{sup 3+} when Co-doping content increases. We believe that the paramagnetic nature in BaTi{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}O{sub 3} samples is due to isolated Co{sup 2+} and Co{sup 3+} centers. The addition of Co{sup 3+} ions enhances the paramagnetic behavior. Meanwhile, the origin of ferromagnetism is due to lattice defects, which is less influenced by the changes caused by the variation in concentration of Co{sup 2+} and Co{sup 3+} ions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electronic structure and thermoelectric performance of Zintl compound Sr{sub 3}GaSb{sub 3}: A first-principles study

By using first-principles method and Boltzmann theory, we simulated the thermoelectric transport properties of p-type and n-type Sr{sub 3}GaSb{sub 3}. It is found that the thermoelectric figure-of merit (ZT) of n-type Sr{sub 3}GaSb{sub 3} is probably better than that of p-type, mainly due to its large band degeneracy. Moreover, a high ZT value of 1.74 at 850 K can be achieved for n-type Sr{sub 3}GaSb{sub 3} along the yy direction, corresponding to the carrier concentration 3.5 × 10{sup 20} e cm{sup −3}. We propose that the high ZT value of experimentally synthesized p-type Sr{sub 3}GaSb{sub 3} is originated from appearing of the larger number of band valley on the top of valence bands.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bandgap and electronic structure of CaSiN 2 : Experiment and theory

Abstract We interrogate the electronic properties of the nitridosilicate CaSiN 2 as determined using soft X‐ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, which probe directly the partial electronic density of states. We compare our measurements to full potential, all electron density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained, and the electronic bandgap of CaSiN 2 is determined to be 3.95 ± 0.3 eV, in contrast with our predicted value of 4.78 eV that was calculated using the modified Becke–Johnson exchange‐correlation functional with the DFT framework.

Materials Science↗
DOE OSTI2024

Unravel Electronic Structure in Strongly Correlated Materials [Slides]

Outline: Introduction and motivation - Correlated electron materials; Theoretical approaches to strongly correlated materials - First-principles dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) framework - Applications to f -electron correlation effects; Summary and outlook.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗