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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,531 records · Page 85
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Development of Digital Twin Technologies for Climate Projections

Climate projections are increasingly needed for adaptation, climate resilience and related decision making. However, existing projections have systematic biases, are limited in scope, and are not readily available for most potential users. While the ideal of an observational data-driven ‘digital twin’ for climate is initially attractive, there is only a very limited set of climate data available with which to train such a tool. Nonetheless, we are confident that there is a role for ‘digital twin technologies’ in removing biases, increasing computational efficiency, expanding scenarios and data accessibility.

digital twins↗
NASA NTRS1972

GEOS-2 C-band radar system project. Spectral analysis as related to C-band radar data analysis

Work performed on spectral analysis of data from the C-band radars tracking GEOS-2 and on the development of a data compaction method for the GEOS-2 C-band radar data is described. The purposes of the spectral analysis study were to determine the optimum data recording and sampling rates for C-band radar data and to determine the optimum method of filtering and smoothing the data. The optimum data recording and sampling rate is defined as the rate which includes an optimum compromise between serial correlation and the effects of frequency folding. The goal in development of a data compaction method was to reduce to a minimum the amount of data stored, while maintaining all of the statistical information content of the non-compacted data. A digital computer program for computing estimates of the power spectral density function of sampled data was used to perform the spectral analysis study.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1999

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission: A Global DEM

Digital topographic data are critical for a variety of civilian, commercial, and military applications. Scientists use Digital Elevation Models (DEM) to map drainage patterns and ecosystems, and to monitor land surface changes over time.

Digital↗
NASA NTRS1977

An evaluation of coding methodologies for potential use in the Alabama Resource Information System (ARIS)-transportation study for the state of Alabama

Procedures developed for digitizing the transportation arteries, airports, and dock facilities of Alabama and placing them in a computerized format compatible with the Alabama Resource Information System are described. The time required to digitize by the following methods: (a) manual, (b) Telereadex 29 with film reading and digitizing system, and (c) digitizing tablets was evaluated. A method for digitizing and storing information from the U. T. M. grid cell base which was compatible with the system was developed and tested. The highways, navigable waterways, railroads, airports, and docks in the study area were digitized and the data stored. The manual method of digitizing was shown to be best for small amounts of data, while the graphic input from the digitizing tablets would be the best approach for entering the large amounts of data required for an entire state.

Montgomery, O. L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Overview and first measurements of the MAST Upgrade bolometer diagnostic

Here, a suite of multi-channel resistive bolometers has been implemented to measure the total radiation from Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade plasmas, with cameras covering the core plasma and lower divertor chamber. Data are digitized and processed using novel field-programmable gate array-based electronics, offering improved compactness and new operational capabilities. A synthetic diagnostic has been developed to explore the quality of 2D reconstructions available from the system and to quantify the uncertainty on quantities such as the total radiated power. Measurements in the first campaign have demonstrated correct functioning of the diagnostic while also highlighting issues with electrical noise and some failure mechanisms of the detectors, as well as significant neutral beam fast-particle losses.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
NASA NTRS1979

Satellite-aided evaluation of population exposure to air pollution

The evaluation of population exposure to air pollution through the computer processing of Landsat digital land use data, along with total suspended particulate estimates and population data by census tracts, is demonstrated. Digital image processing was employed to analyze simultaneously data from Landsat MSS bands 4 through 7 in order to extract land use and land cover information. The three data sets were spatially registered in a digital format, compatible with integrated computer processing, and cross-tabulated. A map illustrating relative air quality by 2-sq km cells for the residential population in the Portland, Oregon area is obtained.

Todd, W. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Glass Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing of a Fiber Optic Rotary Encoder for Downhole Pressure Sensing

This article presents a fiber optic rotary encoder-based pressure sensor for downhole applications. The rotary encoder, which is composed of an encoding pad and an all-glass optical fiber sensing head, converts the rotation angles of a pressure transducer to digital codes. The optical fiber only serves as the telemetry channel to directly transmit the data in digital format such that the environmental temperature influence and the long-time drift are minimized. The glass additive and subtractive manufacturing (ASM) techniques are used to embed the multichannel optical fibers into a bulk-fused silica glass substrate. Because the fused silica glass shares a similar material property to the optical fiber (e.g., thermal expansion coefficient), the optical fiber sensing head is well sealed and fixed even at an elevated temperature. The picosecond laser blackening technique is used to fabricate the high reflectivity contrast encoding pad with high accuracy. Here, the proposed pressure sensor was manufactured and experimentally verified to have a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 23 dB and a linear pressure response with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.37. During the 400-h 250 °C long-term stability test, there was no digital code variation. In addition, a mathematical model to study the relationships between the sensor’s performances and design parameters was established. According to the model, a 12-bit encoder (0.02% pressure sensitivity) can be achieved with a radius of 20 mm.

02 PETROLEUM↗
NASA NTRS1979

Landsat test of diffuse reflectance models for aquatic suspended solids measurement

Landsat radiance data were used to test mathematical models relating diffuse reflectance to aquatic suspended solids concentration. Digital CCT data for Landsat passes over the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia were analyzed on a General Electric Co. Image 100 multispectral analysis system. Three data sets were studied separately and together in all combinations with and without solar angle correction. Statistical analysis and chromaticity analysis show that a nonlinear relationship between Landsat radiance and suspended solids concentration is better at curve-fitting than a linear relationship. In particular, the quasi-single-scattering diffuse reflectance model developed by Gordon and coworkers is corroborated. The Gordon model applied to 33 points of MSS 5 data combined from three dates produced r = 0.98.

Munday, J. C., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Image processing of HCMM-satellite thermal images for superposition with other satellite imagery and topographic and thematic maps

The southwestern part of Central Europe between Basal and Frankfurt was used in a study to determine the accuracy with which a regionally bounded HCMM scene could be rectified with respect to a preassigned coordinate system. The scale to which excerpts from HCMM data can be sensibly enlarged and the question of how large natural structures must be in order to be identified in a satellite thermal image with the given resolution were also examined. Relief and forest and population distribution maps and a land use map derived from LANDSAT data were digitalized and adapted to a common reference system and then combined in a single multichannel data system. The control points for geometrical rectification were determined using the coordinates of the reference system. The multichannel scene was evaluated in several different manners such as the correlation of surface temperature and relief, surface temperature and land use, or surface temperature and built up areas.

Gossmann, H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

An Overview of LANDSAT-4 and the Thematic Mapper

The LANDSAT 4 satellite and its orbit, the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor design, and the ground processing of TM data are discussed. The design of LANDSAT 4 incorporates several technological advancements which include the TM. The TM offers refinements over the familiar Multispectral Scanners (MSS's) aboard all of the LANDSAT satellites in terms of spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolutions. The TM data undergo radiometric and geometric corrections on the ground to provide investigators with pictorial and digital image data products.

Irons, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Directional velocity analyzer for measuring electron distribution functions in plasmas

A directional velocity analyzer has been developed for measuring electron distribution functions in plasmas. It contains a collimating aperture which selects particles from a narrow cone in velocity space and a retarding potential analyzer. The distribution function f(v, theta, phi) is obtained from a large number of analyzer traces taken at different angles theta, phi. In addition, the small analyzer can be moved in space and the measurements are time resolved so as to obtain the complete phase space information f(v,r,t). The large data flow of this seven-variable function is processed with a high-speed digital data-acquisition system. The new electron velocity analyzer is applicable over a wide parameter range in electron energies and densities. Various cases of anisotropic distributions such as beams, shells, tails, and drifts have been successfully investigated.

Stenzel, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Monsoon flood boundary delineation and damage assessment using space borne imaging radar and Landsat data

Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) Program and Landsat Multispectral Scanner Subsystem (MSS) Data from Landsat 4 were used to map flood boundaries for the assessment of flood damage in the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. The cloud penetrating capabilities of the L-band radar provided a clear picture of the hydrologic conditions of the surface during a period of inclement weather at the end of the wet phase of the 1984 monsoon. The radar image data were digitally processed to geometrically rectify the pixel geometry and were filtered to subdue radar image speckle effects. Contrast enhancement techniques and density slicing were used to create discrete land-cover categories corresponding to surface conditions present at the time of the Shuttle overflight. The radar image classification map was digitally registered to a spectral signature classification map of the area derived from Landsat MSS data collected two weeks prior to the SIR-B mission. Classification accuracy comparisons were made between the radar and MSS classification maps, and flood boundary and flood damage assessment measurements were made with the merged data by adding the classifications and inventorying the land-cover classes inundated at the time of flooding.

Imhoff, Marc L.↗
NASA NTRS2018

A Conceptual Enterprise Framework for Managing Scientific Data Stewardship

Scientific data stewardship is an important part of long-term preservation and the use/reuse of digital research data. It is critical for ensuring trustworthiness of data, products, and services, which is important for decision-making. Recent U.S. federal government directives and scientific organization guidelines have levied specific requirements, increasing the need for a more formal approach to ensuring that stewardship activities support compliance verification and reporting. However, many science data centers lack an integrated, systematic, and holistic framework to support such efforts. The current business- and process-oriented stewardship frameworks are too costly and lengthy for most data centers to implement. They often do not explicitly address the federal stewardship requirements and/or the uniqueness of geospatial data. This work proposes a data-centric conceptual enterprise framework for managing stewardship activities, based on the philosophy behind the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, a proven industrial concept. This framework, which includes the application of maturity assessment models, allows for quantitative evaluation of how organizations manage their stewardship activities and supports informed decision-making for continual improvement towards full compliance with federal, agency, and user requirements.

Scientific data stewardship↗
NASA NTRS2016

Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Project Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document SMAP L1B Radiometer Data Product: L1B_TB

The purpose of the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer calibration algorithm is to convert Level 0 (L0) radiometer digital counts data into calibrated estimates of brightness temperatures referenced to the Earth's surface within the main beam. The algorithm theory in most respects is similar to what has been developed and implemented for decades for other satellite radiometers; however, SMAP includes two key features heretofore absent from most satellite borne radiometers: radio frequency interference (RFI) detection and mitigation, and measurement of the third and fourth Stokes parameters using digital correlation. The purpose of this document is to describe the SMAP radiometer and forward model, explain the SMAP calibration algorithm, including approximations, errors, and biases, provide all necessary equations for implementing the calibration algorithm and detail the RFI detection and mitigation process. Section 2 provides a summary of algorithm objectives and driving requirements. Section 3 is a description of the instrument and Section 4 covers the forward models, upon which the algorithm is based. Section 5 gives the retrieval algorithm and theory. Section 6 describes the orbit simulator, which implements the forward model and is the key for deriving antenna pattern correction coefficients and testing the overall algorithm.

microwave radiometers↗
NASA NTRS1981

NASA/BLM APT, phase 2. Volume 2: Technology demonstration

Techniques described include: (1) steps in the preprocessing of LANDSAT data; (2) the training of a classifier; (3) maximum likelihood classification and precision; (4) geometric correction; (5) class description; (6) digitizing; (7) digital terrain data; (8) an overview of sample design; (9) allocation and selection of primary sample units; (10) interpretation of secondary sample units; (11) data collection ground plots; (12) data reductions; (13) analysis for productivity estimation and map verification; (14) cost analysis; and (150) LANDSAT digital products. The evaluation of the pre-inventory planning for P.J. is included.

Source record↗