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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

AGR-2 Data Qualification Report for ATR Cycles 149B, 150A, 150B, 151A, and 151B

This report provides the data qualification status of AGR-2 fuel irradiation experimental data from Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) cycles 149B, 150A, 150B, 151A, and 151B), as recorded in the Nuclear Data Management and Analysis System (NDMAS). The AGR-2 data streams addressed include thermocouple temperatures, sweep gas data (flow rate, pressure, and moisture content), and fission product monitoring system (FPMS) data for each of the six capsules in the experiment. A total of 3,307,500 5-minute thermocouple and sweep gas data records were received and processed by NDMAS for this period. There are no AGR-2 data for cycle 150A because the experiment was removed from the reactor. Of these data, 82.2% were determined to be Qualified based on NDMAS accuracy testing and data validity assessment. There were 450,557 Failed temperature records due to thermocouple failures, and 138,528 Failed gas flow records due to gas flow cross-talk and leakage problems that occurred in the capsules after cycle 150A. For FPMS data, NDMAS received and processed preliminary release rate and release-to-birth rate ratio (R/B) data for the first three reactor cycles (cycles 149B, 150B, and 151B). This data consists of 45,983 release rate records and 45,235 R/B records for the 12 radionuclides reported. The qualification status of these FPMS data has been set to In Process until receipt of QA-approved data generator reports. All of the above data have been processed and tested using a SAS®-based enterprise application software system, stored in a secure Structured Query Language database, and made available on the NDMAS Web portal (http://ndmas.inl.gov) for both internal and external VHTR project participants.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Utah FORGE Well 78B-32 Daily Drilling Reports and Logs

This data set includes the daily drilling reports and Pason data for well 78B-32 and Schlumberger logs acquired after drilling completion. This well was drilled between June 27th and July 31st of 2021. Also included is raw and processed data for a variety of well data metrics including temperature, porosity, density, and sonic data. This data was taken at the Utah FORGE site as part of the Utah FORGE project.

15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Tensor Minkowski Functionals: first application to the CMB

Tensor Minkowski Functionals (TMFs) are tensor generalizations of the usual Minkowski Functionals which are scalar quantities. We introduce them here for use in cosmological analysis, in particular to analyze the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation. They encapsulate information about the shapes of structures and the orientation of distributions of structures. We focus on one of the TMFs, namely W {sub 2}{sup 1,1}, which is the (1,1) rank tensor generalization of the genus. The ratio of the eigenvalues of the average of W {sub 2}{sup 1,1} over all structures, α, encodes the net orientation of the structures; and the average of the ratios of the eigenvalues of W {sub 2}{sup 1,1} for each structure, β, encodes the net intrinsic anisotropy of the structures. We have developed a code that computes W {sub 2}{sup 1,1}, and from it α and β, for a set of structures on the 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. We use it to compute α and β as functions of chosen threshold levels for simulated Gaussian and isotropic CMB temperature and E mode fields. We obtain the value of α to be one for both temperature and E mode, which means that we recover the statistical isotropy of density fluctuations that we input in the simulations. We find that the standard ΛCDM model predicts a charateristic shape of β for temperature and E mode as a function of the threshold, and the average over thresholds is β∼ 0.62 for temperature and β∼ 0.63 for E mode. Accurate measurements of α and β can be used to test the standard model of cosmology and to search for deviations from it. For this purpose we compute α and β for temperature and E mode data of various data sets from PLANCK mission. We compare the values measured from observed data with those obtained from simulations to which instrument beam and noise characteristics of the 44GHz frequency channel have been added (which are provided as part of the PLANCK data release). We find very good agreement of β and α between all PLANCK temperature data sets with ΛCDM expectations. E mode data show good agreement for β but α for all data sets deviate from ΛCDM predictions higher than 3−σ. It is most likely that the deviations are probing the anisotropy of the noise field and beam characteristics of the detector rather than the true E mode signal since for 44GHz the signal-to-noise ratio is well below one. This will be further investigated after the full PLANCK data becomes publicly available.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1981

The state of the atmosphere as inferred from the FGGE satellite observing systems during SOP-1

The statistical properties, and coverage, of satellite temperature sounding data are described. Tropical regions are observed every two days, extratropics from one to four times a day. Oceans are covered two to three times a day. Asynoptic coverage is comparable to the U.S. rawinsonde network twice daily coverage. Lack of ground truth for data sparse areas makes accuracy difficult to assess. The rms differences of layer mean temperatures obtained from collocating rawinsonde observations with satellite temperature profiles in space and time differ from rms differences of layer mean satellite temperature soundings. The FGGE satellite systems can infer the three dimensional motion field and improve the representation of the large scale state of the atmosphere.

Halem, M.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Temperature Uncertainty Modeling with Proxy Structural Data as Geostatistical Constraints for Well Siting: An Example Applied to Granite Springs Valley, NV, USA

Utilizing existing temperature and structural information around Granite Springs Valley, Nevada, we build 3D stochastic temperature models with the aim of evaluating the 3D uncertainty of temperature and choosing between candidate exploration well locations . The data used to support the modeling are measured temperatures and structural proxies from 3D geologic modeling, the latter considered "secondary" data. Two stochastic geostatistical techniques are explored for incorporating the structural proxies: cosimulation and local varying mean. With both the cosimulation and local varying mean methods, many equally likely temperature models (i.e., realizations) are produced, from which temperature probability profiles are calculated at candidate well locations. To aid in choosing between the candidate locations, two quantities summarize the temperature probabilities: Vprior and entropy. Vprior quantifies the likelihood for economic temperatures at each candidate location, whereas entropy identifies where new information has the most potential to reduce uncertainty. In general, the cosimulation realizations have smoother spatial structure, and extrapolate high temperatures at candidate locations that are located along the direction of the longest spatial correlation, which are down dip from existing temperature logs. The smooth realizations result in tight temperature probability profiles that are easier to interpret, but they have unrealistic temperature reversals in some locations because the cosimulation technique does not enforce a conductive geothermal gradient as a baseline (i.e., linearly increasing temperature with depth). The local varying mean results produce realizations with more realistic geothermal gradients, with temperatures increasing downward since a depth-temperature relationship is included. However, because they have much noisier spatial nature compared to cosimulation, it is harder to interpret the temperature probability profiles. The different local varying mean results allow the geologist to determine which proxy (e.g., dilation versus distance to fault termination) should be used given the specific geothermal system. In general, Vprior from local varying mean results identify locations that are close to high values for the structural proxies: areas with highe r probabilities for higher temperatures. The entropy results identify where uncertainty is greatest and therefore new drilling information could be most useful. Though these techniques provide useful information, even when applied to areas of sparse data, our comp arison of these two techniques demonstrates the need for new geothermal geostatistics techniques that combine the advantages of these two methods and that are tailored to the spatial uncertainty issues inherent in geothermal exploration.

3D temperature modeling↗
NASA NTRS1989

Pressure and heat transfer investigation of a modified NASP baseline configuration at M = 6

A cooperative NASA Langley-Boeing investigation was conducted in the Langley eight-Foot High Temperature Tunnel to obtain hypersonic pressure and heat transfer data. In this investigation a large scale (1/20), modified version of the National Aero-Space Plane configuration known as the 'Government Baseline' was tested at a nominal Mach number of 6; at two Reynolds numbers (0.6 and 1.6 million per foot); and at angles of attack from about 0 to 15 deg. There were several purposes for the investigation: to provide a windward and leeward pressure and heat transfer data base for a realistic configuration for verification of computational methods, to provide these data for a large-scale model, and to provide these data for true temperature conditions because of concern about data from low temperature tunnels.

Reubush, David E.↗
DOE OSTI2016

Tritium Content in and Release from Pressurized-Water-Reactor Fuel Cladding

It is expected that tritium pretreatment will be required in future reprocessing plants to prevent the release of tritium to the environment (except for long-cooled fuels; >30 yrs). To design and operate future reprocessing plants in a safe and environmentally compliant manner, the amount and form of tritium in the used nuclear fuel (UNF) must be understood and quantified. Tritium in light water reactor (LWR) fuel is dispersed between the fuel matrix and the fuel cladding, and some tritium may be in the plenum, probably as tritiated water (THO or T{sub 2}O). In a standard processing flowsheet, tritium management would be accomplished by treatment of liquid streams within the plant. Pretreating the fuel prior to dissolution to release the tritium into a single off-gas stream could simplify tritium management, so the removal of tritium in the liquid streams throughout the plant may not be required. The fraction of tritium remaining in the cladding may be reduced as a result of tritium pretreatment. Since Zircaloy'R cladding makes up roughly 25% by mass of UNF in the United States, processes are being considered to reduce the volume of reprocessing waste attributed to Zircaloy'R clad fuel by recovering the zirconium from the cladding for reuse. Treatment options for Zircaloy cladding include recycling to recover the significant value of the zirconium and eliminate costs associated with the disposal of transuranic-contaminated Zircaloy. If LWR fuel is reprocessed and the fuel is dissolved without tritium pretreatment, the tritium in the cladding will remain bound to the cladding. If tritium pretreatment is included in the flow sheet, some portion of the tritium in the cladding may be released along with the tritium from the fuel matrix. To design and operate reprocessing plants in a safe and environmentally compliant manner, the amount and form of tritium in the UNF must be understood and quantified. For Zircaloy-clad fuels from light water reactors, the tritium produced from ternary fission and other sources is expected to be divided between the fuel, where it is generated, and the cladding. It has been previously documented that a fraction of the tritium produced in uranium oxide fuel from LWRs can migrate and become trapped in the cladding. Estimates of the percentage of tritium in the cladding typically range from 0-96%. There is relatively limited data on how the tritium content of the cladding varies with burnup and fuel history (temperature, power, etc.) and how pretreatment impacts its release. The present study was undertaken to understand how tritium pretreatment at standard tritium pretreatment conditions (oxidation in air at 480 to 600 deg. C) affects the tritium content in the Zircaloy cladding and the extent to which the tritium content could be reduced with modest increases in the tritium pretreatment temperature. The data indicate that <20% of the tritium in PWR cladding will be removed by pretreatment at 500-700 deg. C for 24 h. Essentially 100% of the tritium will likely be released if the heating time at 700 deg. C is extended to 96 h. Small amounts of tritium are expected to be released if the cladding is heated at ≤ 600 deg. C for up to 96 h. The results of this study indicate that the amount of tritium released from tritium pretreatment systems will be dependent on both the operating temperature and length of time in the pretreatment system. Under certain conditions, a significant fraction of the tritium could remain bound in the cladding and would need to be considered in any subsequent processing of the cladding to recover/recycle the zirconium. (authors)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of simulations of near-surface variables using the regional climate model CCLM for the MOSAiC winter period

The ship-based experiment MOSAiC 2019/2020 was carried out during a full year in the Arctic and yielded an excellent data set to test the parameterizations of ocean/sea-ice/atmosphere interaction processes in regional climate models (RCMs). In the present paper, near-surface data during MOSAiC are used for the verification of the RCM COnsortium for Small-scale MOdel–Climate Limited area Mode (COSMO-CLM or CCLM). CCLM is used in a forecast mode (nested in ERA5) for the whole Arctic with 15 km resolution and is run with different configurations of sea ice data. These include the standard sea ice concentration taken from passive microwave data with around 6 km resolution, sea ice concentration from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal infrared data and MODIS sea ice lead fraction data for the winter period. CCLM simulations show a good agreement with the measurements. Relatively large negative biases for temperature occur for November and December, which are likely associated with a too large ice thickness used by CCLM. The consideration of sea ice leads in the sub-grid parameterization in CCLM yields improved results for the near-surface temperature. ERA5 data show a large warm bias of about 2.5°C and an underestimation of the temperature variability.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Predictive Model for Internal Magazine Temperatures

This report describes data and methodology used to predict temperatures inside magazines used to store explosive devices, based on outside temperatures from a local weather station and data logged by sensors inside a single magazine over a limited period. It follows on earlier work and predictive models. In conjunction with aging models, predicted temperatures can be used to estimate degradation in the performance of explosives over long periods of storage.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
NASA NTRS1982

HCMM hydrological analysis in Utah

The feasibility of applying a linear model to HCMM data in hopes of obtaining an accurate linear correlation was investigated. The relationship among HCMM sensed data surface temperature and red reflectivity on Utah Lake and water quality factors including algae concentrations, algae type, and nutrient and turbidity concentrations was established and evaluated. Correlation (composite) images of day infrared and reflectance imagery were assessed to determine if remote sensing offers the capability of using masses of accurate and comprehensive data in calculating evaporation. The effects of algae on temperature and evaporation were studied and the possibility of using satellite thermal data to locate areas within Utah Lake where significant thermal sources exist and areas of near surface groundwater was examined.

Miller, A. W.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Calibrating the Galactic Cepheid Period–Luminosity Relation from the Maximum-likelihood Technique

We present a realization of the maximum-likelihood technique, which is one of the latest modifications of the Baade–Becker–Wesselink method. Our approach is based on nonlinear calibrations of the effective temperature and bolometric correction, which take into account metallicity and surface gravity. It allows one to estimate the key Cepheid parameters, the distance modulus, and the interstellar reddening, combining photometric and spectroscopic data (including the effective temperature data). This method is applied to a sample of 44 Galactic Cepheids for which multiphase temperature measurements are available. The additional data correction is performed to subtract the impact of the component in binary/multiple systems. We also study the effect of shock waves, whose presence in the stellar atmosphere distorts the observational data and leads to systematic errors in the obtained parameters. We determine the optimal restriction on the input data to eliminate this effect. This restriction provides accurate period–radius and period–luminosity relations that are consistent with the results in previous studies. We found the following relations: log R = (0.68 ± 0.03) · log P + (1.14 ± 0.03), M {sub v} = − (2.67 ± 0.16) · (log P − 1) − (4.14 ± 0.05).

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1976

A single field of view method for retrieving tropospheric temperature profiles from cloud-contaminated radiance data

An iterative method is presented to retrieve single field of view (FOV) tropospheric temperature profiles directly from cloud-contaminated radiance data. A well-defined temperature profile may be calculated from the radiative transfer equation (RTE) for a partly cloudy atmosphere when the average fractional cloud amount and cloud-top height for the FOV are known. A cloud model is formulated to calculate the fractional cloud amount from an estimated cloud-top height. The method is then examined through use of simulated radiance data calculated through vertical integration of the RTE for a partly cloudy atmosphere using known values of cloud-top height(s) and fractional cloud amount(s). Temperature profiles are retrieved from the simulated data assuming various errors in the cloud parameters. Temperature profiles are retrieved from NOAA-4 satellite-measured radiance data obtained over an area dominated by an active cold front and with considerable cloud cover and compared with radiosonde data. The effects of using various guessed profiles and the number of iterations are considered.

Hodges, D. B.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Automotive fuel cell stack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle testing on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 °C to positive 35 °C temperatures

In this work we present an in-depth laboratory technology assessment of a 2016 Toyota Mirai Fuel Cell (FC) vehicle based on chassis dynamometer testing. The 114.6 kW FC stack has a high dynamic response, which makes this powertrain a FC-dominant hybrid electric vehicle. The measured peak efficiency is 66.0% FC stack and 63.7% FC system with an idle hydrogen flow rate of 4.39 g/hr. The high FC system efficiencies at low loads match typical vehicle power spectrums, resulting in a high average vehicle efficiency of 62% compared to 45% and 23% for a hybrid electric vehicle and a conventional vehicle, respectively. An energy breakdown accounts for the FC stack losses, FC system losses, air compressor loads, and heater loads for different drive cycles and different thermal conditions. The cold-start North American city drive cycle (UDDS) energy consumption values are, respectively, 758, 581, 226, and 321 Wh/km at ambient conditions of -18 degrees C, -7 degrees C, -25 degrees C and 35 degrees C with 850 W/m 2 of solar loading. The FC system shutdown and startup processes at temperatures below the freezing point contribute to the increased hydrogen consumption. Additionally, the raw test data files are available for download, thus providing the research community with a public reference data on a modern production automotive FC system.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2026

Range Hood Use and Effectiveness in Reducing Indoor Air Pollution During Gas and Induction Cooking

The Cooking Energy and Ventilation Impacts on Children's Asthma (CEVICA) study measured cooking frequency, range hood use, indoor air quality and respiratory health indicators of children with asthma living in homes with gas stoves in California's San Joaquin Valley. The study installed electric induction stoves and repeated measurements over three 2-week intensive periods, at baseline and at the end of two consecutive 3-month study phases. Stove replacements occurred at the start of Phase 1 or Phase 2 by random assignment. There were 4184 cooking events identified by automated analysis of time-series data from temperature sensors mounted above the cooktops and 1038 related range hood usage events detected from data recorded by anemometers, smart plugs, or motor loggers. Analysis of 1-minute resolved PM2.5 and NO 2 data identified and quantified 2685 PM 2.5 events and 2606 NO 2 events. Range hood use was characterized as a binary variable (>3 min vs. <3 min use). Range hood use was more common during cooking events associated with particle emissions and longer cooking durations. PM 2.5 concentrations during events with range hood use were comparable to those without use, which could result from limited effectiveness or if range hoods were preferentially used during higher-emission cooking scenarios. In homes with gas cooking, integrated NO 2 concentrations were about 45 percent higher during cooking events with no range hood use compared to those range hood use. The lowest pollutant levels were observed when the range hood operated for more than half of the cooking duration. These findings show that operation of venting range hood during cooking can substantially reduce short-term indoor exposure NO 2 in homes with gas cooking.

Fang, Yi↗
DOE OSTI2019

The Gas-Jet Method of Deposition of Nanostructured Silver Films

The synthesis of thin silver films by the gas-jet deposition method is experimentally and theoretically studied. When the metal is deposited onto silicon substrates from a supersonic jet of silver vapor with a helium carrier gas, nanostructured films with a 3−30 nm size of nanostructures are obtained for a 1230−1380 K range of jet source temperatures. The data on Ag–He gas-jet dynamics when it is expanded into vacuum (velocity, temperature, concentration, flux of particles onto a substrate) depending on parameters at the source (vapor temperature, flow rate of a carrier gas) are obtained by the method of direct simulation Monte Carlo. The range of optimal helium flow rates, when the efficiency of a gas-jet source is maximal, is determined. It is established that the presence of a background gas in a deposition chamber at pressure higher than 1 Pa decreases the flow of particles onto a substrate, and a simple way of its evaluation is proposed. Conditions for formation of silver clusters in the jet are determined by using the simulation. It is shown that for experimental deposition regimes there are no clusters in the jet, and the observed silver nanostructures are formed on the substrate surface.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Superparameterized CAM in Response to Warmer SSTs

Subdaily temperature and precipitation extremes in response to warmer SSTs are investigated on a global scale using the superparameterized (SP) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), in which a cloud-resolving model is embedded in each CAM grid column to simulate convection explicitly. Two 10-yr simulations have been performed using present climatological sea surface temperature (SST) and perturbed SST climatology derived from the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Compared with the conventional CAM, SP-CAM simulates colder temperatures and more realistic intensity distribution of precipitation, especially for heavy precipitation. The temperature and precipitation extremes have been defined by the 99th percentile of the 3-hourly data. For temperature, the changes in the warm and cold extremes are generally consistent between CAM and SP-CAM, with larger changes in warm extremes at low latitudes and larger changes in cold extremes at mid-to-high latitudes. For precipitation, CAM predicts a uniform increase of frequency of precipitation extremes regardless of the rain rate, while SP-CAM predicts a monotonic increase of frequency with increasing rain rate and larger change of intensity for heavier precipitation. The changes in 3-hourly and daily temperature extremes are found to be similar; however, the 3-hourly precipitation extremes have a significantly larger change than daily extremes. The Clausius–Clapeyron scaling is found to be a relatively good predictor of zonally averaged changes in precipitation extremes over midlatitudes but not as good over the tropics and subtropics. The changes in precipitable water and large-scale vertical velocity are equally important to explain the changes in precipitation extremes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1976

Characterization of IRAS doped silicon detectors

Data are presented from a range of operating conditions which include background photo flux, operating temperature, and frequency. Each detector is equipped with a load resistor, a cryogenic field effect transistor preamplifier, and a temperature sensor. Data are also presented of detector signal, noise spectra, noise equivalent power, and spectral response.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

Extension of similarity test procedures to cooled engine components with insulating ceramic coatings

Material thermal conductivity was analyzed for its effect on the thermal performance of air cooled gas turbine components, both with and without a ceramic thermal-barrier material, tested at reduced temperatures and pressures. The analysis shows that neglecting the material thermal conductivity can contribute significant errors when metal-wall-temperature test data taken on a turbine vane are extrapolated to engine conditions. This error in metal temperature for an uncoated vane is of opposite sign from that for a ceramic-coated vane. A correction technique is developed for both ceramic-coated and uncoated components.

Gladden, H. J.↗