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At least 1,513 records · Page 84

X-ray circular dichroism measured by cross-polarization x-ray transient grating

Measuring natural circular dichroism in the x-ray regime to extract stereochemical information from chiral molecules in solution remains a challenge. This is primarily due to technical limitations of the existing synchrotron sources, which hinder access to measurements of local chirality by exploiting core hole electronic transitions. In response to this challenge, we propose an alternative approach: utilizing XFEL-based cross-polarization x-ray transient grating (XTG). This method provides an indirect means to measure x-ray circular dichroism (XCD). Notably, our findings reveal that the signal emerges only once the excited cores have undergone dephasing through relaxation. XTG is now routinely measured in the XUV regime and has recently been made available for hard x-rays. Free electron lasers now offer polarization controls, and XTG can be extended to various polarization states for the two pump beams, making XCD measured by XTG feasible with the current state-of-the-art technology.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

3D Mechanical Analysis of a Compact Nb 3 Sn IR Quadrupole for EIC

Abstract-The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will require large aperture quadrupole magnets for the Hadron beam in the insertion region. Key requirements include high field, compact size, and tight control of the fringe fields. A 120 mm aperture, 308.4 mm outer diameter actively shielded Nb 3 Sn quadrupole model is under development to support these goals. This work is being carried out by a collaboration of BNL, JLAB and LBNL. A compact shell-based structure preloaded with a bladder and key system was developed for this project. In this paper, the effect of the compact structure on the mechanical behavior was investigated. In particular, the impact of the assembly tolerances and coil size variations on the actual coil stresses and bladder pressures was computed and compared with results from larger bladder and key structures developed for the LHC IR. The longitudinal preload is provided by stainless steel rods. Differently from other bladder and key magnets, the rods are first preloaded axially before coil axial load is applied. This new design aims to increase the overall stiffness of the system and reduce the longitudinal coil displacement during powering. Based on the results of a 3D mechanical analysis, the preliminary preload targets for the EIC quadrupole assembly will be reviewed and discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗

Curved lattices of crystals formed in glass

Atomic arrangements systemically deviating from the classic definition of single crystal lattice have been known in spherulites for over a century. However, their unusual curved lattice could not be exploited for useful applications due to their uncontrolled orientations and lattice curvatures. Heating of glass with focused laser, electron or x-ray beam has yielded well-defined conditions for forming single crystal architectures. Furthermore, by controlling the conditions of irradiation and confinement by glass matrix for a given system, desired lattice curvature (rotations and twists) can be reproducibly introduced into these crystals. Here, we review several examples of laser-fabricated crystals with curved lattices in glass using a common coordinate system, which helps to establish correlations between processing parameters and lattice curvature. Here, the mechanisms of lattice deformations are discussed along with potential methods to control the orientation of the initially formed seeds that determine the lattice orientations of the end product. The recent developments of laser-fabrication of single crystal architecture in glass with controlled heating profile appear promising for engineering the curvature of their lattices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Adaptive nonlinear wavefront shaping in layered TMDs

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides are promising candidates for nonlinear photonics applications, offering strong nonlinear susceptibility and compatibility with integrated platforms. Although considerable effort has been devoted to manipulating second harmonic generation in these materials, the dynamic control of nonlinear wavefronts remains largely unexplored. Metasurfaces have enabled significant progress in nonlinear beam engineering, yet their practical implementation is limited by low conversion efficiencies and restricted design flexibility. In this work, we employ feedback-based wavefront shaping using spatial light modulators to enhance SHG from pyramid-like WS 2 multilayer structures by over three orders of magnitude in selected spatial regions. This approach allows us to program nonlinear holograms and dynamically shape the SHG signal through phase-only modulation, opening new possibilities for nonlinear imaging, optical information processing, and data communication.

Mavian, Alex [Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, ↗

Is Mini Beam Ready for Human Trials? Results of Randomized Study of Treating De-Novo Brain Tumors in Canines Using Linear Accelerator Generated Mini Beams

The main challenge in treating malignant brain neoplasms lies in eradicating the tumor while minimizing treatmentrelated damage. Conventional radiation treatments are associated with considerable side effects. Synchrotron generated micro-beam radiation (SMBRT) has shown to preserve brain architecture while killing tumor cells, however physical characteristics and limited facility access restrict its use. We have created a new clinical device which produces mini beams on a linear accelerator, to provide a new type of treatment called mini-beam radiation therapy (MBRT). The objective of this study is to compare the treatment outcomes of linear accelerator based MBRT versus standard radiation treatment (SRT), to evaluate the tumor response and the treatment-related changes in the normal brain with respect to each treatment type. Pet dogs with de-novo brain tumors were accrued for treatment. Dogs were randomized between standard fractionated stereotactic (9 Gy in 3 fractions) radiation treatment vs. a single fraction of MBRT (26 Gy mean dose). Dogs were monitored after treatment for clinical assessment and imaging. When the dogs were euthanized, a veterinary pathologist assessed the radiation changes and tumor response. We accrued 16 dogs, 8 dogs in each treatment arm. In the MBRT arm, 71% dogs achieved complete pathological remission. The radiation-related changes were all confined to the target region. Structural damage was not observed in the beam path outside of the target region. In contrast, none of the dogs in control group achieved remission and the treatment related damage was more extensive. Therapeutic superiority was observed with MBRT, including both tumor control and the normal structural preservation. The MBRT findings are suggestive of an immune related mechanism which is absent in standard treatment. These findings together with the widespread availability of clinical linear accelerators make MBRT a promising research topic to explore further treatment and clinical trial opportunities.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗

Characterization and Damping Control of Mechanical Connections to Improve Performance of Horn Stripline

Magnetic focusing horns are critical components for creating a stable beam of neutrinos for neutrino facilities, such as the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and the Neutrinos and Main Injector (NuMI) beam lines at Fermilab. The pulsed magnetic horns are powered by high current electricity through long striplines, which must survive in a harsh radiation environment for the operational life of the component. Each stripline assembly consists of four layers of Al 6101-T6. As an electro-mechanical system, the stripline layers are bolted together with ceramic isolators for electrical insulation and to facilitate passive cooling and mechanical stability. The striplines experience vibrational force in addition to clamping force, repetitive thermal and electro-magnetic loading. The holes of stripline plates for ceramic joints represent one of the weak links for potential failure. Damping can be achieved by adding damp material to the joint. By characterizing behavior of the joint and optimizing their damping properties through FEA and EMA, the stripline performance and longevity can be improved. Appropriate damp materials are the key.

Liu, Zunping [Fermilab]↗

Design of an automatic weight scale for an isolette

The design of an infant weight scale is reported that fits into an isolette without disturbing its controlled atmosphere. The scale platform uses strain gages to measure electronically deflections of cantilever beams positioned at its four corners. The weight of the infant is proportional to the sum of the output voltages produced by the gauges on each beam of the scale.

Peterka, R. J.↗

LANDSAT-1 flight evaluation report

Flight performance analysis for the tenth quarter of operation orbit 11467 to 12745 of LANDSAT 1 are presented. Payload subsystems discussed include: power subsystem; attitude control subsystem; telemetry subsystem; electrical interface subsystem; narrowband tape recorders; wideband telemetry subsystem; return beam vidicon subsystem; multispectral scanner subsystem; and data collection system.

Source record↗

Shuttle Imaging Radar: A/B sensors

The exciting discoveries of the Shuttle Imaging Radar-A (SIR-A) experiment prompted a refly of the instrument to be designated the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B. The SIR-B instrument will reuse the hardware flown for the SIR-A mission and add some interesting refinements. The two radar sensors are described in detail. The SIR-A and SIR-B instruments are both tailored for use on the Space Shuttle. They are physically configured to fit in the Shuttle's payload bay, are powered and cooled by shuttle systems, are controlled by the crew or from the ground, and record data on board or beam it to the ground using the orbiter's data links. The radars are designed to accommodate a range of orbiter altitudes and have built in operating modes to cover a wide variety of mission objectives. The flexibility and utility of these radars make them ideal, cost effective instruments for research in the Space Shuttle environment.

Granger, J. L.↗

Selection of actuator locations for static shape control of large space structures by heuristic integer programing

Orbiting spacecraft such as large space antennas have to maintain a highly accurate space to operate satisfactorily. Such structures require active and passive controls to mantain an accurate shape under a variety of disturbances. Methods for the optimum placement of control actuators for correcting static deformations are described. In particular, attention is focused on the case were control locations have to be selected from a large set of available sites, so that integer programing methods are called for. The effectiveness of three heuristic techniques for obtaining a near-optimal site selection is compared. In addition, efficient reanalysis techniques for the rapid assessment of control effectiveness are presented. Two examples are used to demonstrate the methods: a simple beam structure and a 55m space-truss-parabolic antenna.

Haftka, R. T.↗

Laser furnace technology for zone refining

A carbon dioxide laser experiment facility is constructed to investigate the problems in using a laser beam to zone refine semiconductor and metal crystals. The hardware includes a computer to control scan mirrors and stepper motors to provide a variety of melt zone patterns. The equipment and its operating procedures are described.

Griner, D. B.↗

High-Speed Computer-Controlled Switch-Matrix System

High-speed computer-controlled switch-matrix system developed for communication satellites. Satellite system controlled by onboard computer and all message-routing functions between uplink and downlink beams handled by newly developed switch-matrix system. Message requires only 2-microsecond interconnect period, repeated every millisecond.

Spisz, E.↗

Selection of actuator locations for static shape control of large space structures by heuristic integer programing

Orbiting spacecraft such as large space antennas have to maintain a highly accurate shape to operate satisfactorily. Such structures require active and passive controls to maintain an accurate shape under a variety of disturbances. Methods for the optimum placement of control actuators for correcting static deformations are described. In particular, attention is focused on the case were control locations have to be selected from a large set of available sites, so that integer programing methods are called for. The effectiveness of three heuristic techniques for obtaining a near-optimal site selection is compared. In addition, efficient reanalysis techniques for the rapid assessment of control effectiveness are presented. Two examples are used to demonstrate the methods: a simple beam structure and a 55m space-truss-parabolic antenna.

Haftka, R. T.↗

Photocurrent Imaging Detects Solar-Module Defects

Raster-scanned laser beam excites photocurrents in thin-film amorphous silicon devices. Solar-cell laser scanner uses two galvanometer-driven mirrors to scan laser-beam spot over surface of module or cell under test. Position signals from scan controllers used to index storage of photocurrent signal data in scan-converter image memory. Stored image displayed on television monitor.

Kim, Q.↗

On the control of flexible structures by applied thermal gradients

Thermal, elastic, and feedback analyses are applied to the case of a beam with a distributed thermal actuator. The actuator is capable of producing a thermal gradient across the section of the beam. One candidate for such an actuator uses the Peltier effect, which appears in certain semiconductors. These devices act as heat pumps when a voltage is applied, causing a temperature gradient. It is shown that the thermal gradients can induce deflection in the beam. If the thermal gradients are applied in the proper sense to a vibrating beam, it is possible to increase the vibration damping exhibited by the structure. Experimental results are given for a cantilever beam, whose first vibrational mode damping ratio was increased from 0.81 to 7.4 percent with a simple lead compensation.

Edberg, D. L.↗

Control of flexible structures by applied thermal gradients

Thermal, elastic, and feedback analyses are applied to the case of a beam with a distributed thermal actuator. The actuator is capable of producing a thermal gradient across the section of the beam. One candidate for such an actuator uses the Peltier effect, which appears in certain semiconductors. These devices act as heat pumps when a voltage is applied, causing a temperature gradient. It is shown that the thermal gradients can induce deflection in the beam. If the thermal gradients are applied in the proper sense to a vibrating beam, it is possible to increase the vibration damping exhibited by the structure. Experimental results are given for a cantilever beam, whose first vibrational mode damping ratio was increased from 0.81 to 7.4 percent with simple lead compensation.

Edberg, Donald L.↗

Electron beam source molecular beam epitaxial growth of analog graded Al(x)Ga(1-x)As ballistic transistors

A new method has been developed for the growth of graded band-gap Al(x)Ga(1-x)As alloys by molecular beam epitaxy which is based upon electron beam evaporation of the group III elements. The metal fluxes are measured and feedback controlled using a modulated ion gauge sensor. The system is computer controlled which allows precise programming of the Ga and Al evaporation rates. The large dynamic response of the metal sources enables growth of variable band-gap III-V alloys with arbitrary composition profiles. This new technique is demonstrated by synthesis of analog graded Al(x)Ga(1-x)As unipolar ballistic electron transistors.

Malik, Roger J.↗