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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Snowmass2021 theory frontier white paper: Astrophysical and cosmological probes of dark matter

While astrophysical and cosmological probes provide a remarkably precise and consistent picture of the quantity and general properties of dark matter, its fundamental nature remains one of the most significant open questions in physics. Obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of dark matter within the next decade will require overcoming a number of theoretical challenges: the groundwork for these strides is being laid now, yet much remains to be done. Chief among the upcoming challenges is establishing the theoretical foundation needed to harness the full potential of new observables in the astrophysical and cosmological domains, spanning the early Universe to the inner portions of galaxies and the stars therein. Identifying the nature of dark matter will also entail repurposing and implementing a wide range of theoretical techniques from outside the typical toolkit of astrophysics, ranging from effective field theory to the dramatically evolving world of machine learning and artificial-intelligence-based statistical inference. Through this work, the theory frontier will be at the heart of dark matter discoveries in the upcoming decade.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Narrow spectral emission CaMoO{sub 4}: Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+} phosphor crystals for white light emitting diodes

Alkaline earth metal molybdates are promising candidates as a host material for high efficiency narrow spectral emission phosphors. These phosphors could potentially be used for the fabrication of phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). Phosphor crystals of calcium molybdate doped with rare earth dopant Ln{sup 3+}(Ln=Eu, Dy, Tb) grown using flux growth method have been shown to exhibit higher excitation efficiency than the powders synthesized by solid-state reaction process. Molybdenum (VI) oxide has been found to be a suitable flux for growing large size optically transparent high quality crystals at a temperature around 1100 Degree-Sign C. Using the excitation wavelengths of 465 nm, 454 nm and 489 nm for CaMoO{sub 4}: Eu{sup 3+}, CaMoO{sub 4}: Dy{sup 3+} and CaMoO{sub 4}: Tb{sup 3+}, respectively, intense emission lines at wavelengths of 615 nm, 575 nm and 550 nm were observed. The optimized doping concentrations of 12%, 2% and 5% for Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} and Tb{sup 3+}, respectively, provided the highest luminescence intensity. - Graphical Abstract: CaMoO{sub 4}: Eu{sup 3+} phosphor crystals grown using a molybdenum (VI) oxide flux exhibited around 1.5 times the emission intensity of powders obtained from solid-state reaction at the same synthesis temperature. These crystals were found to efficiently emit 615 nm red light when excited by near UV light up to a wavelength of 395 nm. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer CaMoO{sub 4}: Ln{sup 3+} (Ln=Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+}) phosphor crystals were successfully grown using high temperature flux (solutions) containing molybdenum (VI) oxide or lithium chloride. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Narrow spectral emission at 615 nm, 575 nm and 550 nm, respectively, was observed from CaMoO{sub 4}: Ln{sup 3+} (Ln=Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+}) phosphor crystals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The optimized doping concentrations of Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+} in CaMoO{sub 4} for highest emission intensity were determined to be 12%, 2% and 5%, respectively. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The CaMoO{sub 4}: Ln{sup 3+} (Ln=Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+}) phosphor crystals grown with molybdenum (VI) oxide flux exhibited 50% higher emission intensity compared to the crystals grown with lithium chloride flux and the powders synthesized by solid-state reaction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermostability and photostability of Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors for white LED applications

Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reactions, and their photoluminescence (PL) stability under the impact of heat or light was studied. The thermal degradation in air was observed for the Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor, furthermore, this drop in emission intensity could be accelerated by simultaneously illuminating the phosphor with a high-power blue LED during the heating process. This enhanced thermal degradation phenomenon in the blue light can be ascribed to the photo-assisted thermal oxidation of Eu{sup 2+} ions. A reversible decrease in emission intensity at room temperature was observed on illuminating the Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor alone by the blue light, which could be related to trapping centers in the phosphor. The existence of traps is also responsible for the anomalous increase of emission intensity with increasing temperature from 30 to 100 °C. Considering the influences of Ba{sup 2+} doping on temperature-dependent PL properties of the Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor, the thermal quenching origin may be ascribed to the thermally assisted photoionization process. - Graphical abstract: The photo-induced reversible decrease in emission intensity and the anomalous emission enhancement with increasing temperature are related to trapping centers in the phosphor. - Highlights: • The photo-assisted thermal degradation was observed for the Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+} phosphor. • The phosphor showed a reversible intensity decrease under the blue light irradiation. • An anomalous emission enhancement with increasing temperature was found. • Ba{sup 2+} substitution could suppress the thermal quenching of Sr{sub 3}SiO{sub 5}:Eu{sup 2+}. • Mechanisms for photostability and thermostability were discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Early fermentation volatile metabolite profile of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in red and white grape must: A targeted approach

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main driver of alcoholic fermentation. It is typically inoculated at high levels to ensure successful implantation as well as reduce the risks of stuck fermentations and off-flavor production. However, winemakers have found that wines produced with only S. cerevisiae can be lacking in complexity compared to fermentations where non-Saccharomyces yeasts are more active. This paper sought to understand the early fermentation characteristics of Kazachstania gamospora, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis in both Sauvignon blanc and Syrah musts. S. cerevisiae was used as a control. Solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC–MS was used to evaluate the musts once they reached 2% ethanol concentration. The method targeted 90 different compounds known to occur in wine and/or be produced by yeast during fermentation. For the first time, K. gamospora and Z. kombuchaensis have been studied in the context of wine. While the other yeasts are commercially available starter cultures, they have never been profiled this extensively. Analysis showed that each yeast profile was unique and different based on the must. Finally, the non-Saccharomyces yeasts produced lower concentrations of esters, alcohols and terpenes with the exception of K. gamospora which produced more total esters than the control.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Warm white light emitting ThO{sub 2}:Sm{sup 3+} nanorods: Cationic surfactant assisted reverse micellar synthesis and Photoluminescence properties

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • ThO{sub 2}:Sm{sup 3+} nanoparticles have been synthesized using cationic surfactant assisted reverse micellar route. • HRTEM shows the formation of thoria nanorods. • Photoluminescence investigation shows host as well as samarium ion emission. • Time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy shows the presence of two types of samarium ion in thoria host. - Abstract: Sm{sup 3+} activated thorium oxide nanorods were synthesized by cationic surfactant assisted reverse micellar route. Phase purity, morphological and luminescent properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Upon UV light excitation (245 nm), ThO{sub 2}:Sm{sup 3+} exhibited host emission at 447 nm, along with characteristic emission lines of Sm{sup 3+} at 569, 609, 662 and 716 nm. Lifetime spectroscopy shows the presence of two types of Sm{sup 3+} (τ = 1.1 ms and 4.9 ms) with different asymmetric ratios.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Red phosphor Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16}:Eu{sup 3+} for potential application in field emission displays and white light-emitting diodes

Abstract: A novel red emitting phosphor of Eu{sup 3+} doped Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16} was prepared through the solid state reaction. The luminescence properties were studied in detail by photoluminescence excitation (PLE), emission (PL) spectra and cathodoluminescence (CL). Under the excitation of ultraviolet light, Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor shows the characteristic {sup 5}D{sub 0}-{sup 7}F{sub J}(J = 1, 2, 3, 4) transition of Eu{sup 3+} with two different emissions due to the two kinds of Eu{sup 3+} ions. The luminescent intensity could be improved by co-doping with the charge compensators R{sup +} (Li, Na, K) which partially substitute for Ca{sup 2+} crystal sites. CL spectra show that Eu{sup 3+} ions were excited by the plasma produced by the incident electrons and the CL properties of Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16}:Eu{sup 3+}, Li{sup +} as a function of accelerating voltage and probe current were investigated. Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphor offers higher thermal stability compared with the commercial red phosphor Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+}. The results indicate that Ca{sub 2}Ge{sub 7}O{sub 16}:Eu{sup 3+} can be a suitable red-emitting phosphor candidate for FEDs and w-LEDs.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗