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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Estimating the cost and energy demand of producing lithium manganese oxide for Li-ion batteries

Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) is one of the important cathode active materials used in lithium ion batteries of several electric vehicles. In this paper, the production of LMO cathode material for use in lithium-ion batteries is studied. Spreadsheet-based process models have been set up to estimate and analyze the factors affecting the cost of manufacturing, the energy demand, and the environmental impact. Two processes based on the solid-state synthesis method and a sol-gel method have been explored. Results show that the solid-state process is more cost-effective because of its lower cost of raw materials. The production cost for a solid-state process is $7 kg -1 and requires 6 kWh·kg -1 of energy. The pack level cost of electric vehicle battery using LMO as a primary active material is studied as a function of LMO production cost and other parameters. The potential for reducing the cost of automotive batteries to $100 per kWh is explored in terms of LMO price and plant production volume (economy of scale), using Argonne’s BatPaC spreadsheet tool.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Optimization of Localized High Concentration Electrolytes (LHCE) for Li||LiCoO 2 and Si|| LiCoO 2 Batteries used in Consumer Electronics Applications (Final Report for I3T Project 75934)

This project will optimize localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) for Li/LCO and Si/LCO batteries for consumer electronics applications, including select the best solvent and diluent, optimize the ratios of the solvents and the salt concentration. Results will be demonstrated not only in both coin cells, but also in pouch cells, which is required for large-scale commercial applications. This work can provide better understanding that would also benefit other LMB projects, including Li/NMC and Li/S batteries for electric vehicle applications. In the history of rechargeable batteries, all batteries have been first used in small scale consumer electronics, then eventually penetrate to large scale applications such as electrical vehicle or grid. We believe this development route will also be true for LMBs. By developing the best electrolyte for Li/LCO and Si/LCO chemistry, we will not only get the early market entry in consumer electronics, but we can also accumulate experience on the practical application of LMBs which can be used to further develop other types of LMBs for EV and other large-scale applications pursued by DOE.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Extending the operating range and safety of Li-ion batteries with new fluorinated electrolytes

Orbia Fluor and Energy Materials (formerly Koura) has successfully developed a new class of fluorinated electrolyte solvents for lithium-ion batteries. In collaboration with Silatronix and Argonne National Laboratory, the team synthesized and screened over 20 novel fluorinated compounds, optimizing formulations that significantly enhance battery performance across critical metrics such as thermal stability, fast-charging capability, and cycling life at extreme temperatures. Electrolytes with fluorinated molecules developed in this program demonstrated superior performance in 2 Ah pouch cells, achieving over 1000 fast-charge cycles with minimal capacity fade, outperforming conventional carbonate-based electrolytes. Mechanistic studies revealed that the fluorinated electrolytes promote a stable solid electrolyte interphase at the anode and reduce cathode metal dissolution, contributing to improved long-term stability. These advancements mark a significant step toward safer, more efficient batteries for applications ranging from grid storage to defense systems to electric vehicles. We gratefully acknowledge DOE’s financial support through contract DE-EE0009642.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Towards commercialization of fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salt Li-ion cathodes

Cation-disordered rock-salt cathodes (DRX) are promising materials that could deliver high capacities (>250 mAh g −1 ) with Earth abundant elements and materials. However, their electrochemical performances, other than the capacity, should be improved to be competitive cathodes, and many strategies have been introduced to enhance DRXs. Fluorination has been shown to inhibit oxygen loss and increase power density. Nevertheless, fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salts still suffer from rapid material deterioration and low scalability which limit their practical applications. This mini-review highlights the key challenges for the commercialization of fluorinated cation-disordered rock-salts, discusses the underlying reasons behind material failure and proposes future development directions.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
NASA NTRS1996

Status of JPL Li-Ion Cell Development Program

None given. This is a series of viewgraphs from a visual presentation to the workshop. From outline: JPL program overview; low temperature studies; cycle life studies; destructive physical analysis (DPA) of cycled cells; prototype cell development; summary of accomplishment.

JPL LI-Ion Program low temperature studies cycle l↗
NASA NTRS2005

Ground testing of the Li-ion batteries in support of JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission

In early 2004, JPL successfully landed two Rovers, named Spirit and Opportunity, on the surface of Mars after traveling > 300 million miles over a 6-7 month period. In order to operate for extended duration on the surface of Mars, both Rovers are equipped with rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries, which were designed to aid in the launch, correct anomalies during cruise, and support surface operations in conjunction with a triple-junction deployable solar arrays. The requirements of the Lithium-ion battery include the ability to provide power at least 90 sols on the surface of Mars, operate over a wide temperature range (-20(deg)C to +4O(deg)C), withstand long storage periods (e.g., cruise period), operate in an inverted position, and support high currents (e.g., firing pyro events). In order to determine the viability of meeting these requirements, ground testing was performed on a Rover Battery Assembly Unit (RBAU), consisting of two 8-cell 8 Ah lithium-ion batteries connected in parallel. The RBAU upon which the performance testing was performed is nearly identical to the batteries incorporated into the two Rovers currently on Mars. The testing performed includes, (a) performing initial characterization tests (discharge capacity at different temperatures), (b) simulating the launch conditions, (c) simulating the cruise phase conditions (including trajectory corrections), (d) simulating the entry, decent, and landing pulse load profile (if required to support the pyros) (e) simulating the Mars surface operation mission simulation conditions, as well as, (f) assessing performance capacity loss and impedance characteristics as a function of temperature and life. As will be discussed, the lithium-ion batteries (fabricated by LithiodYardney, Inc.) were demonstrated to far exceed the requirements defined by the mission, and are projected to support an extended mission (> 2 years) with margin to spare.

Li-ion batteries↗
NASA NTRS2007

Performance Testing of Lithium Li-ion Cells and Batteries in Support of JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission

In early 2004, JPL successfully landed two Rovers, named Spirit and Opportunity, on the surface of Mars after traveling > 300 million miles over a 6-7 month period. In order to operate for extended duration on the surface of Mars, both Rovers are equipped with rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries, which were designed to aid in the launch, correct anomalies during cruise, and support surface operations in conjunction with a triple-junction deployable solar arrays. The requirements of the Lithium-ion battery include the ability to provide power at least 90 sols on the surface of Mars, operate over a wide temperature range (-20(super 0)C to +40(super 0)C), withstand long storage periods (e.g., including pre-launch and cruise period), operate in an inverted position, and support high currents (e.g., firing pyro events). In order to determine the inability of meeting these requirements, ground testing was performed on a Rover Battery Assembly Unit RBAU), consisting of two 8-cell 8 Ah lithium-ion batteries connected in parallel. The RBAU upon which the performance testing was performed is nearly identical to the batteries incorporated into the two Rovers currently on Mars. The primary focus of this paper is to communicate the latest results regarding Mars surface operation mission simulation testing, as well as, the corresponding performance capacity loss and impedance characteristics as a function of temperature and life. As will be discussed, the lithium-ion batteries (fabricated by Yardney Technical Products, Inc.) have been demonstrated to far exceed the requirements defined by the mission, being able to support the operation of the rovers for over three years, and are projected to support an even further extended mission.

low temperature electrolytes↗