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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2017

Hierarchical NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowalls composed of ultrathin nanosheets as electrode materials for supercapacitor and Li ion battery applications

Highlights: • NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowalls composed of ultrathin nanosheets are synthesized by solvothermal reaction. • The prepared NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} structures possess excellent electrochemical properies. • The hierarchica electrode materials might potential applications for energy storage devices. - Abstract: In this work, NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowalls composed of ultrathin nanosheets are fabricated successfully on Ni foam by a facile one-pot solvothermal method followed by thermolysis of the precursors. The as-prepared NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} products are evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries. The results show high discharge capacitance of 925 mF/cm{sup 2} at a current density of 5 mA/cm{sup 2}, with remarkable cycling stability (about 24.2% loss after 6000 cycles) and excellent rate performance (71.5% capacitance retention with current density range from 1 mA/cm{sup 2} to 20 mA/cm{sup 2}). In addition, Ni foam supported NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowalls possess excellent discharge capacity of 1100 mAh/g as lithium ion battery anode at a current density of 100 mA/g. The excellent electrochemical performance of NiCo{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanowalls could be ascribed to the unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitates ion penetration and electron transportation, demonstrating their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Integrated carbon cloth supported LiFePO4/N-C films as high-performance cathode for lithium ion batteries

Highlights: • Construct carbon cloth supported LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films via hydrothermal. • The LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films show high capacity and good cycles. • Carbon cloth and N-C layer work together to provide fast ion/electron transfer. - Abstract: Fabricating advanced cathode is critical for the development of high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we develop a facile hydrothermal method for construction of LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films on the carbon cloth forming integrated binder-free cathode. The LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films are composed of interconnected nanoscale LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C particles with diameters of 100–200 nm. High porosity and good adhesion are obtained in the carbon cloth supported LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films (CC + LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films). As compared to the LiFePO{sub 4}/C powder nanoparticles, the CC + LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films show much better electrochemical properties with higher capacities, smaller polarization and better high-rate cycling life. A high capacity of 169 mAh g{sup −1} at 1C is achieved for the carbon cloth supported LiFePO{sub 4}/N-C films, superior to the LiFePO{sub 4}/C powder nanoparticles (154 mAh g{sup −1} at 5C). This enhancement is owing to the unique integrated porous architecture and N-C coating. Our work shows a new way to construct integrated cathode for application in LIBs.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Synthesis of porous MnO2-CoO microsheets and nanocones as a high-performance battery-type capacitive material

Highlights: • Porous MnO{sub 2}-CoO microsheets and nanocones (MCMSNCs) are synthesized. • Sodium dodecyl sulfate controls the formation of specific metal oxide structures. • MCMSNCs deliver excellent capacitive performance as a battery-type material. - Abstract: A facile method via sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-templated oil-bath followed by annealing treatment is reported to synthesize porous MnO{sub 2}-CoO microsheets and nanocones (MCMSNCs). Herein, surfactant SDS is firstly used to obtain Mn/Co hydroxide ultrathin microsheets and nanocones precursor, which is then transformed into interconnected porous MCMSNCs after heat treatment. As a battery-type capacitive electrode micro/nanomaterial, MCMSNCs exhibit an original specific capacity (148 C g{sup −1}) at a current density of 1 A g{sup −1} by chronopotentiometry. Moreover, MCMSNCs deliver good rate performance with 77% capacity retention from 1 to 16 A g{sup −1} and excellent cycle life with 20% loss of the maximum value as well as 118% retention of the initial one after 3000 cycles. The excellent capacitive performance of porous MCMSNCs endows it potential use as an anode electrode material in the application of electrochemical capacitors.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Graphene foam supported LiFePO4 nanosheets composite as advanced cathode for lithium ion batteries

Highlights: • Construct self-supported porous LiFePO{sub 4}/GF composite film. • Porous LiFePO{sub 4}/GF composite film show superior cycling life. • Hierarchical porous nanosheets structure boost fast electron/ion transfer. - Abstract: Smart design of advanced cathode plays a significantly important role for the development of high-performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, we synthesized a new kind of LiFePO{sub 4}/Graphene foam (LFP/GF) integrated binder-free cathode via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) + hydrothermal method. The LFP is composed of interconnected LiFePO{sub 4} nanosheets with numerous nanopores of 50–500 nm. High porosity and good adhesion endow LiFePO{sub 4}/GF film superior electrochemical properties with remarkable high-rate capacities, small polarization and stable cycling life. A high-rate capacity of 110 mAh g{sup −1} at 24 C is obtained for the LiFePO{sub 4}/GF composite. Moreover, a high capacity retention of 95% is acquired after 160 cycles. This enhancement is due to the unique integrated porous LiFePO{sub 4} nanosheets and good support of graphene foam providing fast ion/electron transfer. Our work displays a new insight in constructing integrated cathode for application in high-performance LIBs.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Facile synthesis and excellent catalytic performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from banana peel towards oxygen reduction reaction

Highlights: • This work demonstrates that rubbish can convert into valuable products and addresses the disposal issue of waste biomass. • The typical composite exhibits considerable catalytic activity which is comparable to Pt/C. • This method was accessible and an effective strategy for the large scale application of FCs. - Abstract: In this paper, nitrogen-doped porous carbons have been synthesized by using a facile low-cost and accessible approach. The banana peels which regarded as discarded rubbish were reused and acted as carbon source. The typical sample possesses plenty of interconnected pores, and its BET surface area is as large as 1442 m{sup 2} g{sup −1}. Electrochemical measurements indicates that the typical samples exhibits considerable catalyticactivity and high four-electron route selectivity, which is comparable or even superior to Pt/C in alkaline and acid mediums. Excitingly, the typical sample can even endure methanol-poisoning effect,and long term electrolytic corrosion with only 9.41% current density attenuation after 5000 consecutive cycles, which exceeds the performance of Pt/C in alkaline mediums. What’s more, this work demonstrates a successful example for turning discarded rubbish into valuable functional products as well as addresses the disposal issue of waste biomass and contributes to environment cleaning.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2018

Rational fabrication of carbon nanotubes arrays on porous nickel matrix as advanced electrode materials of supercapacitors

Highlights: • Construct self-supported porous Ni/CNTs composite arrays. • Porous Ni/CNTs arrays show superior capacitive performance. • Ni/CNTs arrays structure boosts fast electron/ion transfer. - Abstract: Rational synthesis of advanced carbon materials is of great importance to the development of supercapacitors. In this work, we propose a facile combined electrodeposition-chemical vapor deposition for tailored construction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) arrays on highly porous Ni matrix forming integrated 3D Ni/CNTs electrode. Interconnected CNTs with diameters of 20–30 nm are strongly anchored on the cross-linked porous Ni branches consisting of nanoparticles of 500–600 nm. Capacitive performance of the obtained porous Ni/CNTs electrode is thoroughly characterized by electrochemical means including charge/discharge tests and cyclic voltammetry. The 3D Ni/CNTs electrode shows good high-rate performance with a capacitance of 186 F g{sup −1} at 2.5 A g{sup −1}, and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 99% after 10,000 cycles. The integrated conductive network composed of 3D Ni/CNTs offers large active area, good electronic conductivity and fast transportation paths of ions/electrons, leading to superior capacitive performance.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Site specific porosity-thermal performance correlations in neutron irradiated U-10Zr fuel

In this work, we present a site-specific three-dimensional analysis of porosity evolution in neutron-irradiated U–10Zr metallic fuel using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography. Focused ion beam cubic lift-outs from four radial positions—fuel center, middle, edge, and fuel-cladding interaction (FCCI) zones—were imaged, reconstructed, and segmented to quantify pore volume, density, morphology, and pore connectivity. Porosity increased modestly from 5.5% at the center to 10.5% at the edge, yet pore number density increased by over two orders of magnitude in the fuel portion near the FCCI interface (from 4.8 x 10 4 to 6.0 x 10 6 pores/mm 3 ). Morphological classification revealed a progression from small spherical pores at the center to equiaxed and tortuous networks at the periphery, with enhanced orientation along the radial direction. Connectivity and permeability analysis reveal that the FCCI region maintains dense, highly interconnected pores despite a moderate volume fraction, enabling rapid fission gas transport and lanthanide migration. Effective thermal conductivity models incorporating sodium logging confirm that these site-specific pore features critically influenced heat transport during reactor irradiation. These findings demonstrate that pore topology—not just porosity fraction—controls thermal performance and thermal pathways in U–10Zr fuels, impacting fuel thermal performance in a reactor.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

A review of crosstalk polymorphic circuits and their scalability

Using a control variable, the functionality of Polymorphic circuits can be modified, making them adaptable and useful for reconfiguring circuit behavior — all the way from gate level to system level. State-of-the art polymorphic circuits are based on custom non-linear circuit design or emerging devices such as ambipolar FET, configurable magnetic devices etc. While some of these approaches are inefficient in performance, others involve exotic devices. The Crosstalk computing based polymorphic circuits offer a fresh perspective. In Crosstalk, the interconnect interference between nanoscale metal lines is intentionally engineered to exhibit the programmable Boolean logic behavior. This approach relies on the coupling between metal lines and not on the transistors for computing, resulting in better scalability, security by obscurity, and fault tolerance by reconfiguration. Our novel approach is backed by the mathematical formulation that conveys the rationale to generalize and achieve a wide variety of polymorphic circuits. Our experiments, including design, simulation, and Power Performance Area (PPA) characterization results indicate that crosstalk circuits provide significant improvement in transistor count (about 3x), switching energy (2x), and speed (1.5x) for polymorphic logic circuits. In the best-case scenario, the transistor count reduction is 5x. This paper presents Crosstalk computing’s fundamentals, polymorphism and the scalability aspects to compete/co-exist with CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm. Our scalability study uses Open Source 7 nm PDK, considers all process variation aspects and accommodates worst-case scenarios. The study results for various benchmark circuits show that the Crosstalk technology is a viable alternative to CMOS for digital logic implementations below 10 nm, having 48% density, 57% power, and 10% performance gains over equivalent CMOS counterparts. Finally, we compare Crosstalk Polymorphic Circuit design technique with similar approaches described in related works and discuss its features and constraints.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2016

Analysis of governing factors controlling gas transport through fresh and aged triptycene-based polyimide films

In this report the fundamental gas transport properties and physical aging behavior of a series of triptycene-based polyimides with various substitution groups were investigated. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction revealed that the 6FDA-1,4-triptycene polyimides exhibit two chain packing domains with d-spacing values of ~6.7 Å and ~5.3 Å, corresponding to triptycene-induced chain packing disruption and chain segments lacking the triptycene moiety, respectively. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) showed a bimodal distribution of microcavity size made up of triptycene cleft cavities that are ~3 Å diameter and larger interchain cavities with an average diameter of ~7 Å. Additionally, PALS confirmed 6FDA-1,4-trip_CH 3 has the lowest fractional free volume, primarily due to smaller contributions from the interchain cavities, and 6FDA-1,4-trip_CF 3 has the largest fractional free volume. It was also found that the addition of substituent groups had a unique and positive effect on the aging properties over nine months, in which the addition of CH 3 and CF 3 groups led to permeability increases of ~20% and ~40%, respectively. This is caused by the combination of the lowered driving force for physical aging, the substituent groups sterically hindering tighter packing with time, and the interconnectivity and/or unblocking of free volume over time through small-scale, local chain motion.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Bicontinuous substrates with reduced pore restriction for CO 2 -selective composite membranes

A substrate with bicontinuous structure is attractive for thin-film composite (TFC) membrane synthesis due to its high surface porosity and well-interconnected bulk morphology. In this study, the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) of the casting solution comprising water, 2-pyrrolidone, and polyethersulfone (PES) was studied. By tuning the water addition in the casting solution and water vapor exposure time, the optimized substrate exhibited a bicontinuous surface with a high porosity of 24.2% (or 216/µm 2 pore density), thereby mitigating pore restriction and showing a high CO 2 permeance of 2.94×10 5 GPU. Compared to the benchmark PES substrate with cellular surface pores and lower gas permeance, the use of the bicontinuous substrate led to a 12% increase in the CO 2 permeance of the TFC membrane. The mitigated pore restriction was further rationalized by a resistance-in-series model. The analysis of the lateral diffusion and substrate resistances indicates that an even higher surface pore density of the substrate is required to fully realize the potential of ultra-permeable, CO 2 -selective polymers in the TFC configuration. As a result, the scalability of the VIPS process was demonstrated by the roll-to-roll fabrication of the optimized bicontinuous substrate with a width of 21" and a length of >100'.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Self-seeded growth of very large open-structured zeolite nanosheet assemblies with extraordinary micropore accessibility

Zeolite nanosheets (ZNs) offer improved micropore accessibilities and transport properties for enhanced molecular catalysis and separations. However, practical application of the ZN materials is hampered by the lack of efficient synthesis methods. Here, in this work, a ZN self-seeded method is demonstrated for single-step reproduction of flower-like assemblies of very large MFI ZN plates. The ZN plates are ~60 nm-thick stacks of 4-nm-thick single-crystal sheets. The ZN flower growth involves terrace nucleation on the seed surfaces and subsequent ZN epitaxial growth in [010] orientation directed by a diquaternary agent. The open architecture of the assemblies prevented collapse and agglomeration of ZNs during thermal activation that effectively preserved the interconnected intra-sheet and inter-sheet micropore system. Thus, the ZN assemblies exhibited markedly enhanced molecular adsorption capacity and transport diffusivity for the probing xylene molecules as compared to the conventional crystals. The ZN assembly and its harvestable very large-sized ZNs have the potential for developing high-performance ZN adsorbents, catalysts, and molecular-sieve membranes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Sol-gel derived silicate-phosphate glass SiO 2 –P 2 O 5 –CaO–TiO 2 : The effect of titanium isopropoxide on porosity and thermomechanical stability

Despite of several decades lasting extensive research of bioactive and bioresorbable glasses the systematic parametrization and determination of the key factors affecting porosity and thermomechanical characteristics still remains challenging. Here, we present silica-phosphate glasses, with the composition 70SiO 2 - 20P 2 O 5 - (10-x)CaO-xTiO 2 (mol%; x = 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5), prepared by sol -gel method and reinforced by titanium dioxide via titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) incorporation which demonstrated tunable variation of porosity from micro-to macro -region and superb mechanical integrity during the calcination process. The presence of 7.5 mol% TiO 2 promotes dimensional stability up to 1000°C as investigated by thermomechanical analysis. The XRD showed the dominant presence of silicon phosphate [Si(P 2 O 7 )], titanium phosphate [Ti(P 2 O 7 )] and calcium phosphates [β-Ca(P 2 O 6 ) and γ- Ca 2 (P 2 O 7 )]. The effect of TiO 2 doping on the multiscale morphology and porosity was investigated by means of SEM, MIP, μCT, N 2 adsorption and USAXS/SAXS. Increasing TiO 2 content leads to the formation of open porosity up to 70vol% and drives the formation of a refined interconnected macroporosity of 2-30 μm. In contrast, mesoporosity with a dominance of 3-6nm pores decreases in all samples with increasing TiO 2 content. USAXS/SAXS revealed an increase in primary particle size with increasing TiO 2 content which is in good agreement with the nitrogen physisorption analysis showing that microporosity decreases with increasing TiO2 content.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

A practical guide to characterizing irradiated nuclear fuels using FIB tomography

We report focused ion beam (FIB) tomography with combined electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is a technique capable of statistically characterizing the microstructure and spatial compositional variation of nuclear fuel in three-dimensions (3D). The 3D visualization from FIB tomography provides a comprehensive picture of the interconnected microstructural and compositional features that can impact fuel performance. While these features are often characterized with surface examination, the complexity and relationship of fission products and grain boundary networks may not fully be captured by these 2D methods. This work presents a practical guide to FIB tomography that is tailored to nuclear fuel characterization. The steps used to collect and process the data are provided along with the scripts used to process the data. Additionally, suggestions for future characterization efforts utilizing this approach are given.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Analysis of electrically conductive adhesives in shingled solar modules by X-ray imaging techniques

The failure mechanisms of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) in solar modules are difficult to study since the ECA layer is not easily accessible within the module package. In this work, we present two complementary imaging modalities—X-ray radiography and X-ray microcomputed tomography (XCT)—that reveal important morphological features of the ECA within a shingled module. X-ray radiography uses single X-ray projections to provide fast and non-destructive imaging of the shingled interconnection, illuminating the alignment of the ECA relative to the busbars, the size and shape of the ECA, and the presence of voids within it. Through X-ray radiography, we observed, for example, that the average void coverage area of ECA segments reduced from 36.7% to 4.4% when an ECA was cured for 60 s prior to module lamination. XCT is a three-dimensional imaging technique that can identify regions in which the ECA makes electrical contact to busbars on cells and regions in which the ECA has cracked, among other features. XCT can also be used to image the individual metal particles within ECA, from which the metal volume fraction of an ECA was found here to be 70.4%. This is a quantity that is not often reported by ECA manufacturers but is important to ensure isotropic conduction. As X-ray projections can be performed non-destructively on full modules, the technique may be used to pinpoint ECA failures in accelerated degradation testing. XCT is complementary and is suited to forensic analysis of failing modules.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Microstructure and creep properties of cast near-eutectic Al–Ce–Ni alloys

This study investigates the as-cast and aged microstructures, thermal stability, ambient temperature strengthening, and creep resistance of three ternary Al–Ce–Ni alloys (wt%): near-eutectic Al–10Ce–5Ni (with both eutectic and hypoeutectic regions), hypoeutectic Al-7.5Ce-3.75Ni (with numerous primary Al dendrites), and hypereutectic Al-12.5Ce-6.25Ni (with coarse, blocky primary Al3Ni and Al11Ce3 precipitates and some primary Al dendrites). Depending on the alloy composition and local solidification conditions, the following eutectic morphologies are found: (i) coarse Al–Ce eutectic colonies where Al 11 Ce 3 is in the form of “Chinese script”, (ii) intermingled regions of binary Al–Ce and Al–Ni eutectic colonies, with finer Al 3 Ni and Al 11 Ce 3 fibers, (iii) large ternary eutectic colonies, where the binary Al 3 Ni and Al 11 Ce 3 phases are alternating or intertwining within the individual, fine fibers (diameters of ~60–170 nm, depending on solidification rates), and (iv) ternary eutectic zones (between primary Al dendrites), where fine Al 3 Ni and Al 11 Ce 3 build up a 3D-interconnected network. The high volume fraction of intermetallic phases and extremely fine eutectic spacing/fiber diameter both contribute to high ambient strengthening (higher as-cast microhardness than binary Al–Ce or Al–Ni), and also provide enhanced creep resistance at 300 and 350 °C. Additionally, the alloys are coarsening-resistant up to 425 °C for extended periods, with a gradual decrease in microhardness. The alloys aged at 400 °C to 1050 h show fiber fragmentation and coarsening of the resulting particles, with the faster-diffusing Ni driving more rapid coarsening of the Al 3 Ni particles which engulf finer, more stable Al 11 Ce 3 particles. Severe overaging (performed at 590 °C for 24 h) leads to Al 3 Ni and Al 11 Ce 3 spheroids which remain submicron-sized in eutectic colonies, but micron-sized at colony boundary and at Al dendrite-eutectic interface. Creep resistance at 300 °C of overaged Al–10Ce–5Ni remains substantial, consistent with load-transfer based composite strengthening being an important strengthening mechanism in these alloys, making them excellent candidates for replacement of heavier steel or titanium parts operating under stress up to 300 °C.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanisms in a heat-treated additively manufactured Al–Cu–Mn–Zr alloy

In this report the microstructural and strength evolution of an additively manufactured Al-8.6Cu-0.5Mn-0.9Zr alloy upon aging at 300, 350, and 400 °C is investigated. The strengthening phases of the alloy evolve significantly upon aging, with breakdown and spheroidization of the interconnected θ-Al 2 Cu network, dissolution of metastable θ'-Al 2 Cu precipitates, and precipitation of nanometric L1 2 -Al 3 Zr from a matrix supersaturated in Zr. In the peak-aged states, the alloy displays a favorable combination of strength and ductility, with a room-temperature yield strength of 314–341 MPa and ductility of 11–13%. The measured yield strengths for microstructures with different aging treatments are compared to predictions of yield strengths from grain boundary, solid solution, and particle strengthening contributions. The observed strain hardening behavior is related to fundamental precipitate and dislocation interactions. Comparison between predicted and measured strength values indicates a continued need for strengthening models specifically developed for the heterogeneous microstructures of additively manufactured alloys.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Stress corrosion cracking mechanism of cold spray coating on a galvanically similar substrate

Here, the chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) mechanism of cold spray (CS) coating on a galvanically similar substrate is investigated. Arc welded 304L stainless steel (SS) specimens are loaded into four-point bend fixtures, cold sprayed with 304L SS, then immersed in boiling MgCl 2 . Interconnected porosity forms through crevice corrosion along CS splat boundaries, allowing corrosive species to penetrate through the CS layer. Nevertheless, the substrate is resistant to CISCC likely because of compressive stress introduced by peening during CS particle impacts. These findings underscore the importance of residual stress in the environmental degradation of CS coatings or repairs of engineering structures.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Synthesis and application of thermally responsive nanofiber coatings for overtemperature monitoring

This study presents a one-pot synthesis route to organometallic nanofibers based on copper thiolate, exhibiting distinctive chemical and physical characteristics. Electron microscopy analysis of morphology and composition revealed 2-10 μm-long, 50-90 nm-diameter hollow and non-hollow fibers composed of copper, sulfur, oxygen, hydrocarbon, and chlorine. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a pronounced mass loss within 120°C-135°C. To elucidate the thermal responsive pathways, the nanofibers were characterized before and after heating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that an initially mixed Cu(I)/Cu(II) oxidation states transition to predominantly Cu(I) upon heating. A layer of nanofiber was coated on battery pouch foil and evaluated as a candidate thermally sensitive coating. At elevated temperature (100-130°C), nanofiber coating released volatile organic compounds, sulfide and sulfur dioxide as detected using multiple gas sensors. This thermally responsive gas release/sensing approach provides a potential large-area temperature monitoring strategy, which is particularly relevant where direct temperature measurements of individual batteries is impractical. The results established proof of concept for nanofiber-coated battery pouch foil as overtemperature warning platform that can provide alerts when surface temperatures exceed a critical threshold. More broadly, the ability to form interconnected fiber networks positions copper thiolate nanofiber coatings as promising materials for advanced applications.

Ihala Gamaralalage, Chanaka [ORNL] (ORCID:00000002↗