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DOE OSTI2026

Hiding in the Shadow of the Upsilon: Ditaus from a Light Pseudoscalar

The CMS collaboration has reported a measurement of $Υ$ decays to ditaus using $61.9~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ of scouting data. If interpreted as the decay of $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$, the measured ditau rate is more than ten times that seen in the dimuon final states at the $\sim 3 σ$ level, and is likewise inconsistent with the branching ratios measured at $B$-factories. If confirmed with more data and at higher significance, such a violation of lepton flavor universality would necessitate new physics. In this Letter, we present a simple model with a light pseudoscalar coincidentally near the $Υ(1S)$ mass, which mixes with two Higgs doublets in the alignment limit. Such a particle naturally decays primarily to taus and evades all existing experimental constraints, while implying a number of predictions that can be tested in the near future.

Buckley, Matthew R. [Rutgers U., Piscataway]↗

DOE OSTI2016

Search for pair production of Higgs bosons in the b b ¯ b b ¯ final state using proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs-boson pair production in the b b ¯ b b ¯ final state using proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV final state is carried out with 3.2 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data collected at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The data are consistent with the estimated background and are used to set upper limits on the production cross section of Higgs-boson pairs times branching ratio to b b ¯ b b ¯ final state using proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV for both nonresonant and resonant production. In the case of resonant production of Kaluza-Klein gravitons within the Randall-Sundrum model, upper limits in the 24 to 91 fb range are obtained for masses between 600 and 3000 GeV, at the 95% confidence level. The production cross section times branching ratio for nonresonant Higgs-boson pairs is also constrained to be less than 1.22 pb, at the 95% confidence level.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2018

Self-interacting dark matter and muon (g - 2) in a gauged U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ model

We construct a self-interacting dark matter model that could simultaneously explain the observed muon anomalous magnetic moment. It is based on a gauged U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ extension of the standard model, where we introduce a vector-like pair of fermions as the dark matter candidate and a new Higgs boson to break the symmetry. The new gauge boson has a sizable contribution to muon (g - 2), while being consistent with other experimental constraints. The U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ Higgs boson acts as a light force carrier, mediating dark matter self-interactions with a velocity-dependent cross section. It is large enough in galaxies to thermalize the inner halo and explain the diverse rotation curves and diminishes towards galaxy clusters. Since the light mediator dominantly decays to the U ( 1 ) L μ − L τ gauge boson and neutrinos, the astrophysical and cosmological constraints are weak. We study the thermal evolution of the model in the early Universe and derive a lower bound on the gauge boson mass.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Dark matter blind spots at one-loop

We evaluate the impact of one-loop electroweak corrections to the spinindependent dark matter (DM) scattering cross-section with nucleons (σ SI ), in models with a so-called blind spot for direct detection, where the leading-order prediction for the relevant DM coupling to the Higgs boson, and therefore σ SI , are vanishingly small. Adopting a simple illustrative scenario in which the DM state results from the mixing of electroweak singlet and doublet fermions, we compute the relevant higher order corrections to the scalar effective operator contributions to σ SI , stemming from both triangle and box diagrams involving the SM and dark sector fields. It is observed that in a significant region of the singlet-doublet model-space, the one-loop corrections “unblind” the tree-level blind spots and lead to detectable SI scattering rates at future multi-ton scale liquid Xenon experiments, with σ SI reaching values up to a few times 10 -47 cm 2 for a weak scale DM with O(1) Yukawa couplings. Furthermore, we find that there always exists a new SI blind spot at the next-to-leading order, which is perturbatively shifted from the leading order one in the singlet-doublet mass parameters. For comparison, we also present the tree-level spin-dependent scattering cross-sections near the SI blind-spot region, that could lead to a larger signal. Our results can be mapped to the blind-spot scenario for bino-Higgsino DM in the MSSM, with other sfermions, the heavier Higgs boson, and the wino decoupled.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2015

The eejj excess signal at the LHC and constraints on leptogenesis

We review the non-supersymmetric (Extended) Left-Right Symmetric Models (LRSM) and low energy E{sub 6}-based models to investigate if they can explain both the recently detected excess eejj signal at CMS and leptogenesis. The eejj excess can be explained from the decay of the right-handed gauge bosons (W{sub R}) with mass ∼ TeV in certain variants of the LRSM (with g{sub L}≠g{sub R}). However such scenarios can not accommodate high-scale leptogenesis. Other attempts have been made to explain leptogenesis while keeping the W{sub R} mass almost within the reach of the LHC by considering the resonant leptogenesis scenario in the context of the LRSM for relatively large Yukawa couplings. However, certain lepton number violating scattering processes involving the right-handed Higgs triplet and the right-handed neutrinos can stay in equilibrium till the electroweak phase transition and can washout the lepton asymmetry generated in the resonant leptogenesis scenario for mass range of W{sub R} as indicated by the CMS excess signal. Thus in such a scenario one needs to invoke post-sphaleron baryogenesis to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. Next, we consider three effective low energy subgroups of the superstring inspired E{sub 6} model having a number of additional exotic fermions which provides a rich phenomenology to be explored. We however find that these three effective low energy subgroups of E{sub 6} too cannot explain both the eejj excess signal and leptogenesis simultaneously.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2017

High-scale supersymmetry, the Higgs boson mass, and gauge unification

Suppressing naturalness concerns, we discuss the compatibility requirements of high-scale supersymmetry breaking with the Higgs boson mass constraint and gauge coupling unification. We find that to accommodate superpartner masses significantly greater than the electroweak scale, one must introduce large nondegeneracy factors. These factors are enumerated for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, and implications for the allowed forms of supersymmetry breaking are discussed. We find that superpartner masses of arbitrarily high values are allowed for suitable values of tan β and the nondegeneracy factors. Here, we also compute the large, but viable, threshold corrections that would be necessary at the unification scale for exact gauge coupling unification. Whether or not high-scale supersymmetry can be realized in this context is highly sensitive to the precise value of the top quark Yukawa coupling, highlighting the importance of future improvements in the top quark mass measurement.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2021

Search for dark matter in events with missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for dark-matter particles in events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson candidate decaying into two photons is reported. The search uses 139 fb - 1 of proton-proton collision data collected at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN LHC between 2015 and 2018. No significant excess of events over the Standard Model predictions is observed. The results are interpreted by extracting limits on three simplified models that include either vector or pseudoscalar mediators and predict a final state with a pair of dark-matter candidates and a Higgs boson decaying into two photons.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2016

Search for a very light NMSSM Higgs boson produced in decays of the 125 GeV scalar boson and decaying into $\tau$ leptons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV

Our search for a very light Higgs boson decaying into a pair of t leptons is presented within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. This search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The signal is defined by the production of either of the two lightest scalars, h 1 or h 2 , via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequent decay into a pair of the lightest Higgs bosons, a 1 or h 1 . The h 1 or h 2 boson is identified with the observed state at a mass of 125 GeV. The analysis searches for decays of the a 1 (h 1 ) states into pairs of t leptons and covers a mass range for the a 1 (h 1 ) boson of 4 to 8 GeV. Furthermore, the search reveals no significant excess in data above standard model background expectations, and an upper limit is set on the signal production cross section times branching fraction as a function of the a 1 (h 1 ) boson mass. The 95% confidence level limit ranges from 4.5 pb at ma 1 (mh 1 ) = 8 GeV to 10.3 pb at ma 1 (mh 1 ) = 5 GeV.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2025

Search for charged Higgs bosons produced in top-quark decays or in association with top quarks and decaying via H±→τ±ντ in 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

Charged Higgs bosons produced either in top-quark decays or in association with a top quark, subsequently decaying via , are searched for in of proton-proton collision data at recorded with the ATLAS detector. Depending on whether the top quark is produced together with the decays hadronically or semileptonically, the search targets or final states, in both cases with a -lepton decaying into a neutrino and hadrons. No significant excess over the Standard Model background expectation is observed. For the mass range of , upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the charged Higgs boson times the branching fraction in the range 4.5 pb–0.4 fb. In the mass range 80–160 GeV, assuming the Standard Model cross section for production, this corresponds to upper limits between 0.27% and 0.02% on .

Aad, G↗

DOE OSTI2019

Peccei-Quinn symmetry and nucleon decay in renormalizable SUSY SO(10)

We suggest simple ways of implementing Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry to solve the strong CP problem in renormalizable SUSY SO(10) models with a minimal Yukawa sector. Realistic fermion mass generation requires that a second pair of Higgs doublets survive down to the PQ scale. We show how unification of gauge couplings can be achieved in this context. Higgsino mediated proton decay rate is strongly suppressed by a factor of (M PQ /M GUT ) 2 , which enables all SUSY particles to have masses of order TeV. With TeV scale SUSY spectrum, $p → \bar{ν}K^+$ decay rate is expected to be in the observable range. Lepton flavor violating processes µ → eγ decay and µ - e conversion in nuclei, induced by the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings, are found to be within reach of forthcoming experiments.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2017

Emergent kink statistics at finite temperature

In this paper we use 1D quantum mechanical systems with Higgs-like interaction potential to study the emergence of topological objects at finite temperature. Two different model systems are studied, the standard double-well potential model and a newly introduced discrete kink model. Using Monte-Carlo simulations as well as analytic methods, we demonstrate how kinks become abundant at low temperatures. These results may shed useful insights on how topological phenomena may occur in QCD.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

DOE OSTI2013

Experimental and theoretical uncertainties in top-quark mass measurements at the Tevatron and the LHC

Since the discovery of the top-quark at the Tevatron collider in 1995, enormous efforts have been devoted to the precise determination of its properties and in particular of its mass, mtop. Together with precision electroweak measurements, mtop can be used to check the Higgs boson mass (mH) dependencies on mtop and the W boson mass (mW) within the Standard Model, and to constrain the allowed mass range for heavy particles predicted by Standard Model extensions. In this paper a review of the current experimental and theoretical uncertainties affecting the top-quark mass measurements at the Tevatron and the LHC is provided: strategies and techniques adopted to evaluate the main systematic uncertainties within the various experiments are summarised and compared, highlighting, when appropriate, complementarities and differences which are important ingredients to set the basis of a future world mtop combination.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2019

FCC Physics Opportunities

This volume of the Conceptual Design Report is dedicated to an overview of the FCC physics potential. It focuses on the most significant targets of the potential FCC research programme but, for the sake of space, not covering a large body of science that will nevertheless be accessible (and which is documented in various other reports, listed in the Appendix). The studies presented here, in addition to setting plausible targets for the FCC achievements, have helped in making the choice of the colliders’ parameters (energy, luminosity) and their operation plans. Furthermore, these studies contributed to the deinition of the critical detector features and parameters, as described in Volumes 2 and 3 of the CDR. While at first discussing the targets of each collider separately, the second part of this volume puts their synergy and complementarity in perspective, underscoring the added benefit to science brought by the unity and coherence of the whole programme. In addition to summarising the outcome of the work done during this CDR phase of the FCC physics studies, for the benefit of the whole particle physics community, this document is intended to stimulate an expert discussion of the FCC physics potential, in the context of the forthcoming review of the European Strategy for Particle Physics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗

DOE OSTI2023

Search for doubly charged Higgs boson production in multi-lepton final states using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of doubly charged Higgs bosons ($H$ ±± ), each decaying into a pair of prompt, isolated, and highly energetic leptons with the same electric charge, is presented. The search uses a proton–proton collision data sample at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 recorded by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This analysis focuses on same-charge leptonic decays, $H$ ±± → $\ell$ ± $\ell$ '± where $\ell$,$\ell$ ' = $e, μ, τ$, in two-, three-, and four-lepton channels, but only considers final states which include electrons or muons. No evidence of a signal is observed. Corresponding upper limits on the production cross-section of a doubly charged Higgs boson are derived, as a function of its mass $m$($H$ ±± ), at 95% confidence level. Assuming that the branching ratios to each of the possible leptonic final states are equal, $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $e$ ± $e$ ± ) = $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $e$ ± $μ$ ± ) = $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $μ$ ± $μ$ ± ) = $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $e$ ± $τ$ ± ) = $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $μ$ ± $τ$ ± ) = $\mathcal{B}$($H$ ±± → $τ$ ± $τ$ ± ) = 1/6, the observed (expected) lower limit on the mass of a doubly charged Higgs boson is 1080 GeV (1065 GeV) within the left right symmetric type-II seesaw model, which is the strongest limit to date produced by the ATLAS Collaboration. Additionally, this paper provides the first direct test of the Zee– Babu neutrino mass model at the LHC, yielding an observed (expected) lower limit of $m$($H$ ±± ) = 900 GeV (880 GeV).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2015

GUTs and TOEs

Albert Einstein said that what he wanted to know was “God’s thoughts,” which is a metaphor for the ultimate and most basic rules of the universe. Once known, all other phenomena would then be a consequence of these simple rules. While modern science is far from that goal, we have some thoughts on how this inquiry might unfold. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln tells what we know about GUTs (grand unified theories) and TOEs (theories of everything).

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2022

A FAIR and AI-ready Higgs boson decay dataset

Abstract To enable the reusability of massive scientific datasets by humans and machines, researchers aim to adhere to the principles of findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) for data and artificial intelligence (AI) models. This article provides a domain-agnostic, step-by-step assessment guide to evaluate whether or not a given dataset meets these principles. We demonstrate how to use this guide to evaluate the FAIRness of an open simulated dataset produced by the CMS Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This dataset consists of Higgs boson decays and quark and gluon background, and is available through the CERN Open Data Portal. We use additional available tools to assess the FAIRness of this dataset, and incorporate feedback from members of the FAIR community to validate our results. This article is accompanied by a Jupyter notebook to visualize and explore this dataset. This study marks the first in a planned series of articles that will guide scientists in the creation of FAIR AI models and datasets in high energy particle physics.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2015

Nonstandard Supersymmetry Breaking and Dirac Gaugino Masses without Supersoftness

I consider models in which nonstandard supersymmetry-breaking terms, including Dirac gaugino masses, arise from F-term breaking mediated by operators with a 1/M3 suppression. In these models, the supersoft properties found in the case of D-term breaking are absent in general, but can be obtained as a special case that is a fixed point of the renormalization group equations. The μ term is replaced by three distinct supersymmetry-breaking parameters, decoupling the Higgs scalar potential from the Higgsino masses. Both holomorphic and nonholomorphic scalar cubic interactions with minimal flavor violation are induced in the supersymmetric Standard Model Lagrangian.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Stitching an asymmetric texture with T 13 × Z 5 family symmetry

We propose T 13 = Z 13 x Z 3 as the underlying non-Abelian discrete family symmetry of the asymmetric texture presented. Its mod 13 arithmetic distinguishes each Yukawa matrix element of the texture. We construct a model of effective interactions that singles out the asymmetry and equates, without fine-tuning, the products of down-quark and charged-lepton masses at a GUT-like scale.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗