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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,495 records · Page 83
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Thermodynamic approach to the stability of multi-phase systems. Application to the Y 2 O 3 –Fe system

Oxide-metal systems (OMSs) are important in many practical applications, and therefore, are under extensive studies using a wide range of techniques. The most accurate theoretical approaches are based on density functional theory (DFT), which are limited to ~10 2 atoms. Multi-scale approaches, e.g., DFT+Monte Carlo, are often used to model OMSs at the atomic level. These approaches can describe qualitatively the kinetics of some processes but not the overall stability of OMSs. In this paper, we propose a thermodynamic approach to study equilibrium in multiphase systems, which can be sequentially enhanced by considering different defects and microstructures. We estimate the thermodynamic equilibrium by minimization the free energy of the whole multiphase system using a limited set of defects and microstructural objects for which the properties are calculated by DFT. As an example, we consider Y 2 O 3 +bcc Fe with vacancies in both the Y 2 O 3 and bcc Fe phases, Y substitutions and O interstitials in Fe, Fe impurities and antisite defects in Y 2 O 3 . The output of these calculations is the thermal equilibrium concentration of all the defects for a particular temperature and composition. The results obtained confirmed the high temperature stability of yttria in iron. As a result, model development towards more accurate calculations is discussed.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2014

Security in the CernVM File System and the Frontier Distributed Database Caching System

Both the CernVM File System (CVMFS) and the Frontier Distributed Database Caching System (Frontier) distribute centrally updated data worldwide for LHC experiments using http proxy caches. Neither system provides privacy or access control on reading the data, but both control access to updates of the data and can guarantee the authenticity and integrity of the data transferred to clients over the internet. CVMFS has since its early days required digital signatures and secure hashes on all distributed data, and recently Frontier has added X.509-based authenticity and integrity checking. In this paper we detail and compare the security models of CVMFS and Frontier.

Dykstra, D.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Next Generation Workload Management System For Big Data on Heterogeneous Distributed Computing

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), operating at the international CERN Laboratory in Geneva, Switzerland, is leading Big Data driven scientific explorations. Experiments at the LHC explore the fundamental nature of matter and the basic forces that shape our universe, and were recently credited for the discovery of a Higgs boson. ATLAS and ALICE are the largest collaborations ever assembled in the sciences and are at the forefront of research at the LHC. To address an unprecedented multi-petabyte data processing challenge, both experiments rely on a heterogeneous distributed computational infrastructure. The ATLAS experiment uses PanDA (Production and Data Analysis) Workload Management System (WMS) for managing the workflow for all data processing on hundreds of data centers. Through PanDA, ATLAS physicists see a single computing facility that enables rapid scientific breakthroughs for the experiment, even though the data centers are physically scattered all over the world. The scale is demonstrated by the following numbers: PanDA manages O(10 2 ) sites, O(10 5 ) cores, O(10 8 ) jobs per year, O(10 3 ) users, and ATLAS data volume is O(10 17 ) bytes. In 2013 we started an ambitious program to expand PanDA to all available computing resources, including opportunistic use of commercial and academic clouds and Leadership Computing Facilities (LCF). The project titled 'Next Generation Workload Management and Analysis System for Big Data' (BigPanDA) is funded by DOE ASCR and HEP. Extending PanDA to clouds and LCF presents new challenges in managing heterogeneity and supporting workflow. The BigPanDA project is underway to setup and tailor PanDA at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) and at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" together with ALICE distributed computing and ORNL computing professionals. Our approach to integration of HPC platforms at the OLCF and elsewhere is to reuse, as much as possible, existing components of the PanDA system. Finally, we will present our current accomplishments with running the PanDA WMS at OLCF and other supercomputers and demonstrate our ability to use PanDA as a portal independent of the computing facilities infrastructure for High Energy and Nuclear Physics as well as other data-intensive science applications.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electronics integration for the GE2/1 and ME0 GEM detector systems for the CMS phase-2 muon system upgrade

Abstract The Large Hadron Collider is currently undergoing its High Luminosity upgrade, which is set to increase the instantaneous luminosity by about a factor of five. Consequently, the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment is upgrading its muon spectrometer to cope with the increased muon flux in the forward region. The GE2/1 triple-gas electron multiplier detector, which has recently entered the mass production phase, and the ME0 triple-GEM detector system, which is in the late prototyping phase, are undergoing electronics integration. These proceedings briefly discuss the frontend electronics for the GE2/1 and ME0 detector systems, the electronics integration testing process, and the future plans for the frontend electronics of these two detector systems by the CMS GEM collaboration.

Instruments & Instrumentation↗
DOE OSTI2018

Quasistationary Plasma Predator-Prey System of Coupled Turbulence, Drive, and Sheared E × B Flow During High Performance DIII-D Tokamak Discharges [A New, Quasi-stationary Plasma Predator-Prey System of Coupled Turbulence, Drive, and Sheared E × B Flow During High Performance DIII-D Tokamak Discharges]

A new, long-lived limit cycle oscillation (LCO) regime has been observed in the edge of near zero torque high-performance DIII-D tokamak plasma discharges. These LCOs are localized and comprised of density turbulence, gradient drives, and E X B velocity shear damping ( E and B are the local radial electric and total magnetic fields). Density turbulence sequentially acts as a predator (via turbulence transport) of profile gradients and a prey (via shear suppression) to the E X B velocity shear. Reported here for the first time, a unique spatiotemporal variation of the local E X B velocity which is found to be essential for the existence of this system. The LCO system is quasi-stationary, existing from 3 to 12 plasma energy confinement times (~30 to 900 LCO cycles) limited by hardware constraints. In conclusion, this plasma system appears to contribute strongly to the edge transport in these high-performance and transient-free plasmas as evident from oscillations in transport relevant edge parameters at LCO timescale.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

20-kW Bi-directional Wireless Power Transfer System with Energy Storage System Connectivity

The severity of the economic impact caused by grid outages has been the driving factor for creating innovative solutions that increases interest for the deployment of distributed energy resources to reduce the impact of grid outages. This study presents a novel way of providing export power using bi-directional wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for ac grid side power and mobile energy storage systems (ESSs) connectivity. The proposed concept here interfaces the EV batteries to the AC grid and also can redirect the power from the stationary ESS to grid, to EV batteries, or both simultaneously; providing the capabilities of an uninterrupted power supply (UPS). Results demonstrate the performance and the functionality of the system with overall efficiencies 93% to 97%, depending on the operating mode.

Onar, Omer↗
DOE OSTI2019

Cooperative Design of Systems of Systems Against Attack on One Subsystem

Future large-scale control systems will be cyberphysical System of Systems (SoS)s each consisting of many interacting subsystems operating harmoniously and making decisions that benefit the entire enterprise. In terms of accomplishing their own objectives, the subsystems in an SoS will be designed so that their decision-making process achieves a Nash equilibrium for the entire SoS. This equilibrium ensures that no one subsystem can improve its position by deviating from the agreed decision. One of the weaknesses of this equilibrium is that it is vulnerable to cyber-attacks directed towards the objectives of one subsystem. In this paper, we consider an attack on a linear quadratic SoS that consists of altering some parameters in the objective function of one subsystem by injecting negative definite matrices into the attacked subsystem's objective function. Such an attack would be designed to disrupt the operation of the entire SoS by pitting one subsystem against the others and causing a change in the behavior and trajectory of the entire SoS. We consider two possible outcomes of the attack. The first is when the attack is not detected and all subsystems continue to operate as designed but now reaching a different Nash equilibrium that may or may not yield the outcome desired by the attacker. In this case, existence results related to the new Nash equilibrium will be derived. The second is when the attack is detected causing the remaining subsystems to react by forming a cooperative team to counter the actions of the attacked subsystem. The team will then establish a new Nash equilibrium with the attacked subsystem. Both of these possible outcomes of the cyber-attack will be analyzed. A 3-subsystems SoS example illustrating the results will also be presented. This example illustrates the ability of an attacker to drive the SoS's state trajectory away from the origin if the attack on one subsystem is not detected. It also illustrates the advantage that the remaining subsystems have in restoring the trajectory to one that is close to the pre-attack equilibrium trajectory by cooperating as a team if the attack is detected.

Talebi, Shahriar↗
DOE OSTI2025

Integration of Electrolysis Systems Into Isolated Microgrid Systems at Extreme Cold Climates

Isolated microgrid systems are generally used to power communities in remote locations where transmission line installations are cost prohibitive. These systems are usually powered by diesel generators, delivering expensive energy with high carbon emissions. However, most of these communities have special geographic access to renewable energy. These special conditions make it interesting to investigate the deployment of renewable energies and storage solutions. Within this scope, this paper analyses the integration of water electrolysis systems into off-grid communities, simulating the electrolyzer as well as the whole electrical grid in real time.

digital real-time simulation↗
DOE OSTI2022

Porting the Kitten Lightweight Kernel Operating System to RISC-V

Hardware design in high-performance computing (HPC) is often highly experimental. Exploring new designs is difficult and time-consuming, requiring lengthy vendor cooperation. RISC-V is an open-source processor ISA that improves the accessibility of chip design, including the ability to do hardware/software co-design using open-source hardware and tools. Co-design allows design decisions to easily flow across the hardware/software boundary and influence future design ideas. However, new hardware designs require corresponding software to drive and test them. Conventional operating systems like Linux are massively complex and modification is time-prohibitive. In this paper, we describe our port of the Kitten lightweight kernel operating system to RISC-V in order to provide an alternative to Linux for conducting co-design research. Kitten's small code base and simple resource management policies are well matched for quickly exploring new hardware ideas that may require radical operating system modifications and restructuring. Our evaluation shows that Kitten on RISC-V is functional and provides similar performance to Linux for single-core benchmarks. This provides a solid foundation for using Kitten in future co-design research involving RISC-V.

Gordon, Nick↗
DOE OSTI2016

Meteoric fluid infiltration in crustal-scale normal fault systems as indicated by δ 18 O and δ 2 H geochemistry and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of neoformed clays in brittle fault rocks

Both the sources and pathways of fluid circulation are key factors to understanding the evolution of low-angle normal fault (LANF) systems and the distribution of mineral deposits in the upper crust. In recent years, several reports have shown the presence of meteoric waters in mylonitic LANF systems at mid-crustal conditions. However, a mechanism for meteoric water infiltration to these mid-crustal depths is not well understood. Here we report paired δ 18 O and δ 2 H isotopic values from dated, neoformed clays in fault gouge in major detachments of the southwest United States. Furthermore, these isotopic values demonstrate that brittle fault rocks formed from exchange with pristine to weakly evolved meteoric waters at multiple depths along the detachment. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of these same neoformed clays constrains the Pliocene ages of fault-gouge formation in the Death Valley area. The infiltration of ancient meteoric fluids to multiple depths in LANFs indicates that crustal-scale normal fault systems are highly permeable on geologic timescales and that they are conduits for efficient, coupled flow of surface fluids to depths of the brittle-plastic transition.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Performance of the ATLAS trigger system in 2015

During 2015 the ATLAS experiment recorded 3.8fb –1 of proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV. The ATLAS trigger system is a crucial component of the experiment, responsible for selecting events of interest at a recording rate of approximately 1 kHz from up to 40 MHz of collisions. This paper presents a short overview of the changes to the trigger and data acquisition systems during the first long shutdown of the LHC and shows the performance of the trigger system and its components based on the 2015 proton–proton collision data.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Active workflow system for near real-time extreme-scale science. In: PPAA '14 Proceedings of the first workshop on Parallel programming for analytics applications

In recent years, streaming-based data processing has been gaining substantial traction for dealing with overwhelming data generated by real-time applications, from both enterprise sources and scientific computing. In this work, however, we look at an emerging class of scientific data with Near Real-Time (NRT) requirement, in which data is typically generated in a bursty fashion with the near real-time constraints being applied primarily between bursts, rather than within a stream. A key challenge for this types of data sources is that the processing time per data element is not uniform, and not always feasible to predict. Given the observations on the increasing unpredictability of compute load and system dynamics, this work looks to adapt streaming-based approach to the context of this new class of large experiments and simulations that have complex run-time control and analysis issues. In particular, we deploy a novel two-tier scheme for handling the increasing unpredictability of runtime behaviors: Instead of relying on determining what and where to run the scientific workflows beforehand or partial dynamically, the decision will also be adaptively enhanced online according to system runtime status. This is enabled by embedding workflow along with data streams. Specifically, we break data outputs generated from experiments or simulations into multiple self-describing "chunks", which we call active data objects. As such, if there is a transient hotspot observed, a data object with unfinished workflow pipeline can break its previous schedule and search for a least loaded location to continue the execution. Our preliminary experiment results based on synthetic workloads demonstrate the proposed active workflow system as a very promising solution by outperforming the state-of-the-art semi-dynamic workflow schedulers with an improved workflow completion time, as well as a good scalability.

Zhang, Yanwei↗
DOE OSTI2026

IEEE 123-Bus System A Matrix

System component matrix for IEEE 123 bus distribution system for dynamic simulations.

Sahu, Vibhuti [Oak Ridge National Laboratory] (ORC↗
DOE OSTI2015

First calibration measurements of an FTIR absorption spectroscopy system for liquid hydrogen isotopologues for the isotope separation system of fusion power plants

Fusion facilities like ITER and DEMO will circulate huge amounts of deuterium and tritium in their fuel cycle with an estimated throughput of kg per hour. One important capability of these fuel cycles is to separate the hydrogen isotopologues (H{sub 2}, D{sub 2}, T{sub 2}, HD, HT, DT). For this purpose the Isotope Separation System (ISS), using cryogenic distillation, as part of the Tritium Enrichment Test Assembly (TRENTA) is under development at Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) has been selected to prove its capability for online monitoring of the tritium concentration in the liquid phase at the bottom of the distillation column of the ISS. The actual research-development work is focusing on the calibration of such a system. Two major issues are the identification of appropriate absorption lines and their dependence on the isotopic concentrations and composition. For this purpose the Tritium Absorption IR spectroscopy experiment has been set up as an extension of TRENTA. For calibration a Raman spectroscopy system is used. First measurements, with equilibrated mixtures of H{sub 2}, D{sub 2} and HD demonstrate that FTIR can be used for quantitative analysis of liquid hydro-gen isotopologues and reveal a nonlinear dependence of the integrated absorbance from the D{sub 2} concentration in the second vibrational branch of D{sub 2} FTIR spectra. (authors)

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗