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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,495 records · Page 83

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NASA NTRS1977

Orbital chemistry - Lunar surface analysis from the X-ray and gamma ray remote sensing experiments

The X-ray and gamma-ray lunar surface remote sensing experiments conducted by the Apollo 15 and 16 are discussed. The data indicate mare basins that are extensively basaltic and highlands of aluminum-rich anorthositic-type feldspar. An east-west asymmetry involving higher Al/Si ratios toward the east is noted; high concentrations of a KREEP-type component along the Imbrium-Procellarum edges and throughout the basin are also observed. Lunar K/Th ratios, lowest in areas of the Imbrium and higher in the surrounding mare and highlands, may lend support to the picture of the moon as a high-temperature condensate.

Adler, I.↗

NASA NTRS1979

Remote-sensing applications to geology

Results of two day workshop on applications of remote sensing to geology are summarized in report. Topics discussed are environmental analysis, crop classification, plant epidemics and diseases, irrigation reform, and soil surveys.

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NASA NTRS1979

A method for classifying multispectral remote sensing data using context

The paper describes a method of classifying multispectral remote sensing data using a context classifier. Because the computational requirements of the context classifier are very large, its implementation on parallel/pipelined multiprocessor systems is being investigated, so that the types of computations can be efficiently implemented. Special considerations necessary for such implementations are discussed, with particular reference to implementation on an array of Control Data Corporation Flexible Processors.

Swain, P. H.↗

NASA NTRS1980

Enhancement of remote sensing through microwave technology

This overview begins with a brief look at remote sensing to date, focusing on the state of the art and the benefits that have been derived from it. Current and future microwave sensing developments are discussed pointing out special advantages and capabilities and noting the anticipated benefits. The frequency requirements of microwave sensing are outlined and the particular need to both allocate, and when necessary, protect active and passive operational sensing frequencies is emphasized.

Cehelsky, M.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Thermal infrared remote sensing of surface features for renewable resource applications

The subjects of infrared remote sensing of surface features for renewable resource applications is reviewed with respect to the basic physical concepts involved at the Earth's surface and up through the atmosphere, as well as the historical development of satellite systems which produce such data at increasingly greater spatial resolution. With this general background in hand, the growth of a variety of specific renewable resource applications using the developing thermal infrared technology are discussed, including data from HCMM investigators. Recommendations are made for continued growth in this field of applications.

Welker, J. E.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Remote sensing in forestry: Application to the Amazon region

The utilization of satellite remote sensing in forestry is reviewed with emphasis on studies performed for the Brazilian Amazon Region. Timber identification, deforestation, and pasture degradation after deforestation are discussed.

Dejesusparada, N.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Earth-based remote sensing of planetary surfaces and atmospheres at radio wavelengths

Two reasons for remote sensing from the Earth are given: (1) space exploration, particularly below the surfaces or underneath cloud layers, is limited to only a very few planets; and (2) a program of regular monitoring, currently impractical with a limited number of space probes, is required. Reflected solar and nonthermal radiation are discussed. Relativistic electrons, trapped in large magnetospheres on Saturn and Jupiter, are discussed. These electrons produce synchrotron radiation and also interact with the ionosphere to produce bursts of low frequency emission. Because most objects are black-bodies, continuum radiometry is emphasized. Spectroscopic techniques and the measurement of nonthermal emission are also discussed.

Dickel, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Spectrophotometric remote sensing of planets and satellites

The most recent comprehensive results on spectrophotometric remote sensing of planets and satellites are reviewed. The moon and terrestrial planets are considered in terms of individual surface elements, reflectance spectra being analyzed to show the composition of the soils of these bodies. For more distant, unresolved objects, including the asteroids, the Galilean satellites, the small satellites of Jupiter, the rings and satellites of Saturn and Uranus, as well as Triton and Pluto, the global or hemispheric averages of surface composition are the objects of study. The absorptions due to methane gas and frost are indicated.

Mccord, T. B.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Interpretation of remotely sensed data and its applications in oceanography

The methodology of interpretation of remote sensing data and its oceanographic applications are described. The elements of image interpretation for different types of sensors are discussed. The sensors utilized are the multispectral scanner of LANDSAT, and the thermal infrared of NOAA and geostationary satellites. Visual and automatic data interpretation in studies of pollution, the Brazil current system, and upwelling along the southeastern Brazilian coast are compared.

Parada, N. D. J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

The quantitative methodology of remote sensing: An educator's perspective

Strategies for teaching the fundamentals of quantitative remote sensing to students from diverse disciplines and with a broad range of mathematical backgrounds are described. Because the concepts are fairly abstract and complex, the successful educator must take care to motivate and assist the students in mastering the concepts. He/she should strive to communicate intuitive notions of the concepts couched in settings as familiar as possible and use these settings to illustrate each mathematical or statistical formulation which is introduced. The utilization of laboratory-type experiences and lectures from experts is also suggested.

Swain, P. H.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Second Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Conference

Participants from state and local governments share experiences in remote sensing applications with one another and with users in the Federal government, universities, and the private sector during technical sessions and forums covering agriculture and forestry; land cover analysis and planning; surface mining and energy; data processing; water quality and the coastal zone; geographic information systems; and user development programs.

Imhoff, M. L.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Optimizing a remote sensing instrument to measure atmospheric surface pressure

Atmospheric surface pressure can be remotely sensed from a satellite by an active instrument which measures return echoes from the ocean at frequencies near the 60 GHz oxygen absorption band. The instrument is optimized by selecting its frequencies of operation, transmitter powers and antenna size through a new procedure baesd on numerical simulation which maximizes the retrieval accuracy. The predicted standard deviation error in the retrieved surface pressure is 1 mb. In addition the measurements can be used to retrieve water vapor, cloud liquid water and sea state, which is related to wind speed.

Peckham, G. E.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Activities of the Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group

Topics on the analysis and processing of remotely sensed data in the areas of vegetation analysis and modelling, georeferenced information systems, machine assisted information extraction from image data, and artificial intelligence are investigated. Discussions on support field data and specific applications of the proposed technologies are also included.

John E Estes↗

NASA NTRS1983

In-flight radiometric calibration of advanced remote sensing systems

Several methods for the in-flight calibration of advanced remote sensing systems are reviewed. Pre-flight and in-flight detector-based calibration are discussed. Calibration by reference to instrumented ground targets is suggested for current systems. Preliminary data are presented on the accuracy and sensitivity required of measurements of ground targets and the atmosphere between the targets and the sensor to achieve an uncertainty in absolute terms of less than + or - 3 percent in the calibration of Landsat-4 systems.

Kastner, C. J.↗

NASA NTRS1983

Remote sensing of oceanographic parameters pertinent to hydrocarbon resource development

Information obtained from remotely sensed imagery which is potentially useful to hydrocarbon resource development is discussed in this paper. Oceanic phenomena presented include surface gravity waves, detection of bathymetric features, and deep ocean internal waves. Techniques used to extract data are presented along with pertinent examples.

Kasischke, E. S.↗

NASA NTRS1984

On the remote sensing of cloud properties from satellite infrared sounder data

A method for remote sensing of cloud parameters by using infrared sounder data has been developed on the basis of the parameterized infrared transfer equation applicable to cloudy atmospheres. The method is utilized for the retrieval of the cloud height, amount, and emissivity in 11 micro m region. Numerical analyses and retrieval experiments have been carried out by utilizing the synthetic sounder data for the theoretical study. The sensitivity of the numerical procedures to the measurement and instrument errors are also examined. The retrieved results are physically discussed and numerically compared with the model atmospheres. Comparisons reveal that the recovered cloud parameters agree reasonably well with the pre-assumed values. However, for cases when relatively thin clouds and/or small cloud fractional cover within a field of view are present, the recovered cloud parameters show considerable fluctuations. Experiments on the proposed algorithm are carried out utilizing High Resolution Infrared Sounder (HIRS/2) data of NOAA 6 and TIROS-N. Results of experiments show reasonably good comparisons with the surface reports and GOES satellite images.

Yeh, H. Y. M.↗

NASA NTRS1986

On strategies for inverting remote sensing data

Attention is given to a number of methods for inverting remote sensing data obtained in a variety of astronomical applications. Applications include image restoration, inversion of helioseismological data to obtain the internal rotation rate of stars such as the sun, fitting of spectra (especially thermal line spectra) to grating or other dispersed observed spectra, differential emission measure analysis, and reconstruction of images derived from interferometric observations. The results consider the tradeoff between resolution and variance and the stability properties for each method and propose an inversion stragegy using the available techniques.

Jeffrey, W.↗

NASA NTRS1985

The 19th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. Proceedings, Volume 1

The technology and applications of terrestrial remote sensing (RS) are discussed in reviews and reports. Topics examined include the future of the NASA earth-sciences program, NOAA plans for earth observations in the 1990s, space RS in France, international coordination of RS satellite programs, and applications of geocoded imagery. Consideration is given to spatial and tabular databases for order-three soil surveys, an AVHRR and Landsat regional inventory of irrigated agriculture, classification of wetlands, microwave radiometry of ocean surface winds and sea ice, and floodplain land-cover mapping with Thematic-Mapper data.

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