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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,495 records · Page 83
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Holographic Formation of Diffraction Elements for Transformation of Light Beams in Liquid Crystal – Photopolymer Compositions

A theoretical model of holographic formation of diffractive optical elements for transformation of light beam field into Bessel-like fields in liquid crystal – photopolymer (LC–PPM) composite materials with a dyesensitizer is developed. Results of numerical modeling of kinetics ofvariation of the refractive index of a material in the process of formation with different relationships between the photopolymerization rates and diffusion processes are presented. Based on the results of numerical simulation, it is demonstrated that when the photopolarization process dominates, the diffractive element being formed is distorted. This leads to a change in the light field distribution at its output and consequently, to ineffective transformation of the reading beam. Thus, the necessity of optimizing of the recording conditions and of the prepolymeric composition to increase the transformation efficiency of light beam fields is demonstrated.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2018

Correction to: Capture and Emission of Charge Carriers by Quantum Well

The last paragraph of the article should read “This work is performed with financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of the federal target program “Research and development in priority areas of development of the scientific and technological complex of Russia for 2014-2020”, Unique identifier of the work (project) RFMEFI57717X0266.”.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Effect of inoculation with prion dilutions within the dynamic range of ELISA absorbance on prion incubation period

This study examines the effect of various infectious prion titers within the dynamic range as measured by ELISA on incubation period. We inoculated ovinized transgenic mice with seven decreasing dilutions of a fast-incubating scrapie strain. The highest inoculum group was a 20% w/v brain homogenate from a sheep with scrapie. The subsequent six inoculum dilutions ranged from the highest ELISA optical density reading of 4.000 to a dilution where scrapie prions were not detectable by ELISA. Multiple comparison analysis demonstrated variation in the incubation periods between some inoculum groups. Incubation periods were similar between inoculum groups unless their optical density differed by more than ≈2 units of absorbance. These data will inform the interpretation of future studies that compare incubation periods in experimentally inoculated animals for TSE research.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Carrier Lifetimes of Iodine-Doped CdMgTe/CdSeTe Double Heterostructures Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Iodine-doped CdMgTe/CdSeTe double heterostructures (DHs) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and studied using time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), focusing on absorber layer thickness of 2 μm. The n-type free carrier concentration was varied to ~7 × 10 15 cm –3 , 8.4 × 10 16 cm –3 , and 8.4 × 10 17 cm –3 using iodine as dopant in DHs. Optical injection at 1 × 10 10 photons/pulse/cm 2 to 3 × 10 11 photons/pulse/cm 2 , corresponding to initial injection of photocarriers up to ~8 × 10 15 cm –3 , was applied to examine the effects of excess carrier concentration on the PL lifetimes. Iodine-doped DHs exhibited an initial rapid decay followed by a slower decay at free carrier concentration of 7 × 10 15 cm –3 and 8.4 × 10 16 cm –3 . The optical injection dependence of the carrier lifetimes for DHs was interpreted based on the Shockley–Read–Hall model. Furthermore, the observed decrease in lifetime with increasing n is consistent with growing importance of radiative recombination.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Magnetic properties of friction stir processed composite

There are many existing inspection systems each with their own advantages and drawbacks. These usually comprise of semi-remote sensors which frequently causes difficulty in reaching complex areas of a component. This study proposes to overcome that difficulty by developing embedded functional composites. Through this route, embedding can be achieved in virtually any component part and can be periodically interrogated by a reading device. The “reinforcement rich” processed areas can then be utilized to record properties like strain, temperature, stress state etc. depending on the reinforcement material. In this work, friction stir processing (FSP) was utilized to fabricate a magnetostrictive composite by embedding galfenol particles into a nonmagnetic aluminum (Al) matrix. It targets to develop a composite that produces strain in a varying magnetic field. Reinforcements were observed to be distributed uniformly in the matrix. Magnetization curves were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A simple and cheap setup was developed to measure the magnetostrictive strain of the composites. Important factors affecting the magnetic properties were identified and ways to improve the magnetic properties discussed.

Das, Shamiparna↗
DOE OSTI2019

Correction to: IL-39 acts as a friend to pancreatic cancer

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the text of the entire article. The word “IL-39” should read as “meteorin-like protein”. This has been corrected with this correction.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effectiveness of a genetic test panel designed for gynecological cancer: an exploratory study

To increase diagnostic efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we performed an exploratory genetic test using a newly designed panel containing 28 actionable and druggable genes, alterations in which are frequently reported in gynecological cancers (TANRE-G, Targeted variants ANalysis RElated to Gynecological cancers). Samples consisted of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of endometrial (4 cases), cervical (3 cases), and ovarian (4 cases) carcinomas. The sequencing procedure was performed using Ion PGM in our institute with related sequencing kits, and data were analyzed using ClinVar. The present system achieved more than 2500 reads in all tumor samples, and enabled a copy number variation analysis. Results showed that actionable and druggable mutations were detected in 82% (9/11) and 64% (7/11) of cases, respectively, which was similar to other commercially available genetic tests. The amplification of MYC and KRAS was also detected. The analysis cost for each sample was JPY 94,000 (USD 850). These results demonstrate the potential of the TANRE-G panel as an effective tool for examining genetic alterations in gynecological cancers.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Evaluate the impact of sensor accuracy on model performance in data-driven building fault detection and diagnostics using Monte Carlo simulation

The performance of data-driven fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) is heavily dependent on sensors. However, sensor inaccuracy and sensor faults are pervasive in building operation: inaccurate and missing sensor readings deteriorate FDD performance; sensor inaccuracy will also affect the selection of sensor for data-driven FDD in the model training process, which is another key factor of data-driven FDD performance. Sensor accuracy and sensor selection individually are well-studied research topics in this field, but the impact of sensor accuracy on sensor selection and its further impact on FDD performance has not been evaluated and quantified. In this paper, we developed a novel analysis methodology that comprehensively evaluates sensor fault on sensor selection and FDD accuracy. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to deal with multiple stochastic sensor inaccuracy and provide probabilistic analysis results of the impact of sensor inaccuracy on sensor selection and FDD accuracy. This methodology focuses on the net impact of fault states across a full sensor set. The developed methodology can be used for the early-stage sensor design and operation-stage sensor maintenance. Furthermore, a case study is conducted to demonstrate the analysis methodology using a commercial building model crated to Flexible Research Platform located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2019

Assessment of attenuation correction for myocardial PET imaging using combined PET/MRI

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of artifacts in MR-based attenuation correction (AC) maps and their impact on the quantitative accuracy of PET-based flow and metabolism measurements in a cohort of consecutive heart failure patients undergoing combined PET/MR imaging. Methods: Myocardial viability studies were performed in 20 patients following a dual-tracer protocol involving the assessment of myocardial perfusion ({sup 13}N-NH{sub 3}: 813 ± 86 MBq) and metabolism ({sup 18}F-FDG: 335 ± 38 MBq). All acquisitions were performed using a fully-integrated PET/MR system, with standard DIXON-attenuation correction (DIXON-AC) mapping for each PET scan. All AC maps were examined for spatial misalignment with the emission data, total lung volume, susceptibility artifacts, and tissue inversion (TI). Misalignment and susceptibility artifacts were corrected using rigid co-registration and retrospective filling of the susceptibility-induced gaps, respectively. The effects of the AC artifacts were evaluated by relative difference measures and perceived changes in clinical interpretations. Results: Average respiratory misalignment of (7 ± 4) mm of the PET-emission data and the AC maps was observed in 18 (90%) patients. Substantial changes in the lung volumes of the AC maps were observed in the test–retest analysis (ratio: 1.0 ± 0.2, range: 0.8-1.4). Susceptibility artifacts were observed in 10 (50%) patients, while six (30%) patients had TI artifacts. Average differences of 14 ± 10% were observed for PET images reconstructed with the artifactual AC maps. The combined artifact effects caused false-positive findings in three (15%) patients. Conclusion: Standard DIXON-AC maps must be examined carefully for artifacts and misalignment effects prior to AC correction of cardiac PET/MRI studies in order to avoid misinterpretation of biased perfusion and metabolism readings from the PET data.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Performance of Julia for High Energy Physics Analyses

We argue that the Julia programming language is a compelling alternative to currently more common implementations in Python and C++ for common data analysis workflows in high energy physics. We compare the speed of implementations of different workflows in Julia with those in Python and C++. Furthermore, our studies show that the Julia implementations are competitive for tasks that are dominated by computational load rather than data access. For work that is dominated by data access, we demonstrate an application with concurrent file reading and parallel data processing.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Applications of Strain-Coupled Magnetoelectric Composites

This article deals with research, development and future directions of magnetoelectric composites for practical devices applications. In the past 20 years there has been a surge of research in the area of multiferroics (MF) and magnetoelectrics (ME) due to their potential to replace existing technologies based only on ferroelectric or ferromagnetic materials. Some of the magnetoelectric composites show exceptionally high potential in the area of magnetic field sensors, however, work remains before commercialization can be realized. The cross coupling among various ferroic parameters in magnetoelectric composites is several orders higher than single phase magetoelectrics, which make its favorable for low detection (nT or pT) magnetic field sensors. Advances in both layered structures or controlled three-dimensional matrix composites for applications as magnetoelectric nonvolatile memory elements are both required. Robust cross-coupling among various parameters with more than four logic states and its compatibility with complementary-symmetry metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology are the main requirements for heterostructure magnetoelectric thin films. The major hurdles in the area of magnetoelectric nonvolatile memory elements are poor interfacial properties and weak magnetoelectric coupling for high density fast read and write processes. Another potential area is strained coupled magneto-electric composites where magnetostriction mediated dimensional change in the magnetic layer effectively modulate the change in the dimension of piezoelectric layers via piezostriction, which leads to a strong ME coupling where their coupling magnitude is sufficient for magnetic field sensors. Energy harvesters based on magnetoelectric composites are also intriguing concepts to capture various types of waste energy, in the form mechanical vibration, pressure, wind energy, hydrothermal and waste temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Metals and methylotrophy: Via global gene expression studies

A number of minerals, such as copper, cobalt, and rare earth elements (REE), are essential modulators of microbial one-carbon metabolism. This chapter provides an overview of the gene expression study design and analysis protocols for uncovering REE-induced changes in methylotrophic bacteria. By interrogating relationships and differences in total gene expression induced by mineral micronutrients, a deeper understanding of gene regulation at a systems scale can be gained. With careful design and execution of RNA-sequencing experiments, thorough processing and assessment of read quality can be utilized to assess and adjust for possible biases. Here, by ensuring only quality data are utilized in downstream processes, differential gene expression, overrepresented analyses, and gene-set enrichment analyses provide reliable and reproducible representation of pathways and functions which are being affected by changes in environmental conditions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗