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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,495 records · Page 83
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NASA NTRS1979

Numerical results for the thermal scattering functions

A recent formulation in radiative transfer defined the thermal scattering functions that characterize radiative transfer from a general plane-parallel finite medium driven solely by an internal distribution of thermal sources. Exiting diffuse intensities are expressed as space convolutions of the thermal scattering functions with any thermal source distribution. A parametric study is presented to obtain the basic structure of these scattering functions. The independent variables of these azimuthally independent functions are the direction cosine and source location, while the parameters are the single-scattering albedo, total optical depth, and the asymmetry factor in the Henyey-Greenstein phase function. The basic functional trends are discussed by using various parametric plots, and selected results are given to allow numerical checks. The computational method is invariant imbedding.

Cogley, A. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Energy and mass distributions of impact ejecta blankets on the moon and Mercury

The paper applies previously calculated impact-induced flow fields (O'Keefe and Ahrens, 1977) resulting from interaction of 5-cm radius gabbroic anorthosite impactor with a half-space of the same material, at various velocities, to obtain mass and energy ejecta distributions. Whereas earlier results described the ejecta distribution from a 15 km/s impact of an iron object on the moon in terms of mass vs. distance, the present results describe, at a given distance from the impact, the energy content as a function of depth, i.e., the thermal structure of ejecta blankets. Pertinent computational methods are included, and several tables and plots supplement the text.

Ahrens, T. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Investigation of ODE integrators using interactive graphics

In the present paper, two FORTRAN programs are described which use an interactive graphic terminal to generate accuracy and stability plots for a given multistep integrator of ordinary differential equations (ODE). One program treats the fixed-stepsize linear case with complex variable solutions, and generates plots to show accuracy and error response to step driving function of a numerical solution. It also generates the linear stability region. The other program generates an analog with an accuracy plot. Both systems are capable of computing method coefficients from a simple specification of the method. Example plots are given.

Brown, R. L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Hypersonic propulsion

Research on hydrogen fueled scramjet engines for hypersonic flight is reviewed. Component developments, computational methods, and preliminary ground tests of subscale scramjet engine modules at Mach 4 and 7 are emphasized. Airframe integration, structures, and flow diagnostics are also discussed. It is shown that mixed-mode perpendicular and parallel fuel injection controls heat release over a wide Mach range and the fixed geometry inlet gives good performance over a wide range of Mach numbers.

Beach, H. L., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1979

A scheme for computing surface fluxes from mean flow observations

A computational method for estimating turbulent surface stress, sensible heat flux, and humidity flux from mean velocity, temperature, and humidity at a single height in the atmospheric surface layer is presented. The method is based on coupling a Monin-Obukhov similarity profile to a 'force-restore' formulation for the evolution of surface soil temperature to yield the local values of shear stress, heat flux, and surface temperature. In addition to reference-level mean flow properties, the parameters required to implement this method are the thermal heat capacity of the soil, the surface aerodynamic roughness, latitude, solar declination, surface albedo, surface emissivity, and atmospheric transmissivity. Sample calculations are presented for (1) constant atmospheric forcing at the reference level, and (2) variable atmospheric forcing corresponding to Kahle's (1977) measurements of windspeed, air temperature, and radiometer soil surface temperature under dry vegetatively sparse conditions in the Mohave Desert, Calif.

Hoffert, M. I.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Note on the effect of transverse shear deformation in laminated anisotropic plates

The paper describes the development of some computer methods in applied mechanics. It begins with a distribution of primary stresses in laminated plates, followed by a determination of the associated statically consistent transverse shearing stress. The last section deals with the use of an energy principle for the utilization of these expressions for primary and transverse stresses. The purpose of this is to obtain two-dimensional constitutive equations involving transverse shear deformations and transverse shear stress resultants.

Reissner, E.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Astrodynamics 1979; Proceedings of the Conference, Provincetown, Mass., June 25-27, 1979. Parts 1 & 2

Topics are presented on navigation systems, inner planets, comets and asteroids, outer planets, earth orbital applications, and computational methods. Individual subjects include an overview of the Navstar Global Positioning System and the Navy Navigation Satellite System, the solar probe mission, Uranus mission options, as well as a study of lifetimes of geosynchronous transfer orbits, and the price of oil in the year 2000.

Penzo, P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles

A study of the light scattering properties of randomly oriented, identical spheroidal particles is presented. A computation method was developed to integrate the Asano and Yamomoto solution (1975) for scattering from a homogeneous spheroid over all particle orientations; the extinction and scattering cross-sections, the asymmetry factor, and scattering matrix elements are calculated for randomly oriented prolate and oblate spheroids and compared with the calculations for spheres and laboratory measurements. The angular scattering behavior of spheroids is found to be different from that of the spheres for side scattering to backscattering directions, and prolate and oblate spheroids of the same shape parameter have similar angular scattering patterns.

Asano, S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Mathematical modeling of the aerodynamics of high-angle-of-attack maneuvers

This paper is a review of the current state of aerodynamic mathematical modeling for aircraft motions at high angles of attack. The mathematical model serves to define a set of characteristic motions from whose known aerodynamic responses the aerodynamic response to an arbitrary high angle-of-attack flight maneuver can be predicted. Means are explored of obtaining stability parameter information in terms of the characteristic motions, whether by wind-tunnel experiments, computational methods, or by parameter-identification methods applied to flight-test data. A rationale is presented for selecting and verifying the aerodynamic mathematical model at the lowest necessary level of complexity. Experimental results describing the wing-rock phenomenon are shown to be accommodated within the most recent mathematical model by admitting the existence of aerodynamic hysteresis in the steady-state variation of the rolling moment with roll angle. Interpretation of the experimental results in terms of bifurcation theory reveals the general conditions under which aerodynamic hysteresis must exist.

Schiff, L. B.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Streamwise computation of duct flows

A computational method is presented to calculate momentum and energy transport in two-dimensional viscous compressible duct flows. The flow in the duct is partitioned into finite streams. The difference equations are then obtained by applying momentum and energy conservation principles directly to the individual streams. The method is applicable to laminar and turbulence flows.

Greywall, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Some applications of aerodynamic formulations to problems in aircraft dynamics

Two applications of mathematical modeling to aerodynamic problems are cussed. The first application is an investigation of the capacity of a nonlinear aerodynamic mathematical model to describe the aerodynamic reactions on an airfoil with a deflecting flap in transonic flow. Flow field computational methods are used to evaluate the nonlinear, unsteady aerodynamic data in terms of characteristic motions called for by the model. Histories of unconstrained motions of the flap are generated from the flap equations of motion, with the aerodynamic reactions specified by the mathematical model. In the second application wing rock is investigated. The most recent model accommodates experimental results wing rock by admitting the existence of aerodynamic hysteresis in the variation of the steady state rolling moment coefficient with roll angle is described.

Schiff, L. B.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Spacecraft outgas ambient flow interaction

An investigation has been made of the extent to which outgassed or emitted molecules return to a spacecraft as a result of intermolecular collisions with ambient freestream molecules. The governing parameters are discussed and heuristic arguments are used to predict the combination of parameters that is most likely to describe the return flux ratio. This is then tested by an extensive set of numerical calculations using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Computations have been made for the flow past spheres and past circular cylinders with their axes normal in the stream. The numerical results lead to empirical expressions that can be used for engineering estimates in spacecraft contamination studies.

Bird, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1981

A numerical simulation of two-dimensional inlet flow fields

Inlet flow fields for airbreathing missiles are calculated by the adaptation of a two-dimensional computational method developed for the flow around airfoils. A supersonic free stream is assumed to allow the forebody calculation to be uncoupled from the inlet calculation. The inlet calculation employs an implicit, time-marching finite-difference procedure to solve the thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations formulated in body-fitted coordinates. Because the method can be used for a flow field with both subsonic and supersonic regions, it is applicable to subcritical as well as supercritical inlet operation.

Biringen, S.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Simple formulas for designing an offset multibeam parabolic reflector

Theoretical methods (computer programs) which are available for analyzing reflector performance are of the 'forward' type. Performance parameters can be calculated after the configuration of the reflector is given. In many practical applications, however, the problem is often of the 'inverse' type. The reflector has to be designed on the basis of a given set of performance parameters. Attention is given to a systematic procedure based on simple formulas for solving such an inverse problem. Because of the simplicity of the formulas, the final results obtained from the procedure do not have great accuracy. Thus, they represent only a preliminary design, which can be refined by repeatedly using the forward-type programs.

Lee, S.-W.↗
NASA NTRS1953

A Method for Determining Cloud-Droplet Impingement on Swept Wings

The general effect of wing sweep on cloud-droplet trajectories about swept wings of high aspect ratio moving at subsonic speeds is discussed. A method of computing droplet trajectories about yawed cylinders and swept wings is presented, and illustrative droplet trajectories are computed. A method of extending two-dimensional calculations of droplet impingement on nonswept wings to swept wings is presented. It is shown that the extent of impingement of cloud droplets on an airfoil surface, the total rate of collection of water, and the local rate of impingement per unit area of airfoil surface can be found for a swept wing from two-dimensional data for a nonswept wing. The impingement on a swept wing is obtained from impingement data for a nonswept airfoil section which is the same as the section in the normal plane of the swept wing by calculating all dimensionless parameters with respect to flow conditions in the normal plane of the swept wing.

Dorsch, Robert G.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Semiempirical Estimate of Aircraft Wing Weight

Computational method estimates weight of aircraft wings from theoretical relationships and empirical data. Permits comparison of alternative materials, methods of construction, and design philosophies. Method used to make tradeoffs in preliminary design phases on basis of simple input data and for more accurate calculations in later phases when more data are available.

York, P.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Planetary atmospheres program

Chemical and physical models of the Jovian subnebula are addressed. Halide cloud condensation and volatile element inventories on Venus and considered. Computation methods for isolated grain condensation behavior are examined.

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