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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1998

Thermal Lens Measurement in Diode-Pumped Nd:YAG Zig-Zag Slab

A major advantage that solid state zig-zag slab lasers have over conventional rod-based designs is that a much weaker thermal lens is produced in the slab when side-pumped with Quasi-CW laser diode arrays, particularly if the pump radiation is kept well away from the Brewster-cut ends. This paper reports on a rather strong thermal lens produced when diode pump radiation is collimated into a narrow portion of the zig-zag slab. The collimation of multi-bar pump packages to increase brightness and improve overlap is a direct consequence of designs which seek to maximize performance and efficiency. Our slab design employed a 8.1 cm x 2.5 mm x 5 mm slab with opposing Brewster end faces. It was pumped through the 2.5 mm direction by seven laser diode array packages, each housing four 6OW diode bars, 1 cm in width. The pump face, anti-reflection (AR) coated at 809 nm, was 6.8 cm in width and the 8.1 cm opposing side, high-reflection (HR) coated at 809 nm, reflected the unabsorbed pump beam for a second pass through the slab.

Smoak, M. C.↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simultaneous optimal system and controller design for multibody systems with joint friction using direct sensitivities

Abstract Real-world multibody systems are often subject to phenomena like friction, joint clearances, and external events. These phenomena can significantly impact the optimal design of the system and its controller. This work addresses the gradient-based optimization methodology for multibody dynamic systems with joint friction using a direct sensitivity approach. The Brown–McPhee model has been used to characterize the joint friction in the system. This model is suitable for the study due to its accuracy for dynamic simulation and its compatibility with sensitivity analysis. This novel methodology supports codesign of the multibody system and its controller, which is especially relevant for applications like robotics and servo-mechanical systems, where the actuation and design are highly dependent on each other. Numerical results are obtained using a software package written in Julia with state-of-the-art libraries for automatic differentiation and differential equations. Three case studies are provided to demonstrate the attractive properties of simultaneous optimal design and control approach for certain applications.

Verulkar, Adwait↗
DOE OSTI2026

Detector Interface for Streaming, Control, and Open-source integration (DISCO) v1.0.0

This suite consists of a multi-package ecosystem featuring detector emulators, EPICS areaDetector drivers, and remote server frameworks designed for the Advanced Light Source (ALS). Engineered for high-bandwidth devices—including VFCCD, Timepix3, Timepix4, and related pixel detectors—the software simulates hardware, wraps vendor SDKs into remote-callable servers, and integrates with open-source control systems. Key Capabilities: Distributed SDK Architecture: Server packages wrap hardware-specific SDKs, allowing areaDetector drivers to execute remote framework calls. This isolates proprietary libraries from the EPICS IOC, enhancing stability and enabling distributed computing across beamline networks. Device Support: Custom drivers for VFCCD, the Timepix family, and similar sensors optimize the data path from hardware control to high-speed transport. Full-Stack Emulation: Sophisticated emulator packages allow end-to-end pipeline testing and software development without requiring physical hardware or beam time. Integrated Workflows: Supports high-bandwidth streaming for real-time analysis and robust, metadata-rich file-based workflows (e.g., HDF5/NeXus). By standardizing interfaces across heterogeneous hardware, this suite reduces technical debt. It provides the ALS with a scalable, open-source solution to manage massive data rates within a unified control environment.

Mahl, Johannes [Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat↗
NASA NTRS1985

Design tradeoffs for a Space Station solar-Brayton power system

Mass, area, and station-keeping propellant needs have been estimated for a typical system. And, although important criteria such as cost, Shuttle packaging, and erection/deployment schemes were not considered, the documented trends should aid in many of the design choices to be made. Effects on system characteristics were examined for: three heat storage salts with melting temperatures from 743 to 1121 K; parabolic and Cassegrainian mirrors; module power levels of 20 and 40 kW; and, alternate pumped-loop, tube-and-fin radiator configurations, with and without micrometeoroid armoring.

Klann, J. L.↗
DOE OSTI2023

BOOTS: Bayesian Optimization for Optimal Test Selection

BOOTS is a package for optimal selection of candidate operating points in large-scale manufacturing applications. It is designed to optimally select operating points to maximize predicted values of product quality and resource efficiency according to a data-driven model. The package is based on the use of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Gaussian process model to describe the relationships between inputs (operating points) and outputs (product quality and resource efficiency). This package does not provide any site- or process-specific information.

Villez, Kris [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)↗
DOE OSTI2024

End-Use Savings Shapes Measure Documentation: Console Water-to-Air Geothermal Heat Pump

Executive Summary Building on the successfully completed effort to calibrate and validate the U.S. Department of Energy’s ResStock™ and ComStock™ models over the past several years, the objective of this work is to produce national datasets that empower analysts working for federal, state, utility, city, and manufacturer stakeholders to answer a broad range of analysis questions. The goal of this work is to develop energy efficiency, electrification, and demand flexibility end-use load shapes (electricity, gas, propane, or fuel oil) that cover most of the high-impact, market-ready (or nearly market-ready) measures. An end-use savings shape is the difference in energy consumption between a baseline building and a building with an energy efficiency, electrification, or demand flexibility measure applied. It results in a time series profile that is broken down by end use and fuel (electricity or on-site gas, propane, or fuel oil use) at each time step. ComStock is a highly granular, bottom-up model that uses multiple data sources, statistical sampling methods, and advanced building energy simulations to estimate the annual sub-hourly energy consumption of the commercial building stock across the United States. The baseline model intends to represent the U.S. commercial building stock as it existed in 2018. This measure models the conversion of an existing heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system to a series of “console” water-to-air heat pumps served by a ground heat exchanger. Console water-to-air geothermal heat pumps (GHP) are all-in-one packages that have no or minimal ductwork and serve individual spaces. Properly designed ground heat exchanger-coupled systems can offer benefits in energy efficiency relative to “conventional” HVAC systems, as well as facilitating beneficial electrification. Console GHPs can be coupled to a ground loop on the source side and can directly replace electric baseboard heaters or air-source packaged terminal heat pumps. Console GHPs can also bring in outdoor air for ventilation. This measure will be referred to throughout the document as the “Console GHP” upgrade.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
NASA NTRS1992

Space crew radiation exposure analysis system based on a commercial stand-alone CAD system

Major improvements have recently been completed in the approach to spacecraft shielding analysis. A Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-based system has been developed for determining the shielding provided to any point within or external to the spacecraft. Shielding analysis is performed using a commercially available stand-alone CAD system and a customized ray-tracing subroutine contained within a standard engineering modeling software package. This improved shielding analysis technique has been used in several vehicle design projects such as a Mars transfer habitat, pressurized lunar rover, and the redesigned Space Station. Results of these analyses are provided to demonstrate the applicability and versatility of the system.

Appleby, Matthew H.↗
NASA NTRS2017

Experimental Evaluation of Acoustic Engine Liner Models Developed with COMSOL Multiphysics

Accurate modeling tools are needed to design new engine liners capable of reducing aircraft noise. The purpose of this study is to determine if a commercially-available finite element package, COMSOL Multiphysics, can be used to accurately model a range of different acoustic engine liner designs, and in the process, collect and document a benchmark dataset that can be used in both current and future code evaluation activities. To achieve these goals, a variety of liner samples, ranging from conventional perforate-over-honeycomb to extended-reaction designs, were installed in one wall of the grazing flow impedance tube at the NASA Langley Research Center. The liners were exposed to high sound pressure levels and grazing flow, and the effect of the liner on the sound field in the flow duct was measured. These measurements were then compared with predictions. While this report only includes comparisons for a subset of the configurations, the full database of all measurements and predictions is available in electronic format upon request. The results demonstrate that both conventional perforate-over-honeycomb and extended-reaction liners can be accurately modeled using COMSOL. Therefore, this modeling tool can be used with confidence to supplement the current suite of acoustic propagation codes, and ultimately develop new acoustic engine liners designed to reduce aircraft noise.

Schiller, Noah H.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Verification and Validation of a Modified Numerical Algorithm for Simulation of Transient Unconfined Groundwater Flow

This report extends verification and validation testing of the NUFT package of codes (Nitao 2000a,b) to the US1P module of code designed for simulation of single-phase mixed or “coupled” saturated and unsaturated (or “variably saturated”) groundwater flow. Importantly, the verification and validation testing of US1P in this report includes performance evaluation of a modified numerical algorithm that was not included in prior quality assurance (QA) of the NUFT package by Carle et al. (2014) for Underground Test Area (UGTA) project activities, which are directed at assessment of radionuclide contamination in groundwater sourced from underground nuclear test locations at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). An immediate purpose of this report is to provide QA for ongoing large-scale, three-dimensional (3-D) groundwater flow modeling of transient water levels associated with longterm water supply pumping and underground nuclear testing at the NNSS (Jackson and Fenelon, 2018; Jackson et al., 2021). For UGTA activities, the QA refers to the standards of ASTM (1996) for verification and validation testing of groundwater modeling codes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS2012

Hands-Free Transcranial Color Doppler Probe

Current transcranial color Doppler (TCD) transducer probes are bulky and difficult to move in tiny increments to search and optimize TCD signals. This invention provides miniature motions of a TCD transducer probe to optimize TCD signals. The mechanical probe uses a spherical bearing in guiding and locating the tilting crystal face. The lateral motion of the crystal face as it tilts across the full range of motion was achieved by minimizing the distance between the pivot location and the crystal face. The smallest commonly available metal spherical bearing was used with an outer diameter of 12 mm, a 3-mm tall retaining ring, and 5-mm overall height. Small geared motors were used that would provide sufficient power in a very compact package. After confirming the validity of the basic positioning concept, optimization design loops were completed to yield the final design. A parallel motor configuration was used to minimize the amount of space wasted inside the probe case while minimizing the overall case dimensions. The distance from the front edge of the crystal to the edge of the case was also minimized to allow positioning of the probe very close to the ear on the temporal lobe. The mechanical probe is able to achieve a +/-20deg tip and tilt with smooth repeatable action in a very compact package. The enclosed probe is about 7 cm long, 4 cm wide, and 1.8 cm tall. The device is compact, hands-free, and can be adjusted via an innovative touchscreen. Positioning of the probe to the head is performed via conventional transducer gels and pillows. This device is amendable to having advanced software, which could intelligently focus and optimize the TCD signal.

Chin, Robert↗
NASA NTRS2004

Package for Interactive Analysis of Line Emission (Analysis of UV-X-Ray High-Resolution Emission Spectra)

The Package for Interactive Analysis of Line Emission (PINTofALE) is a suite of IDL routines designed to carry out spectroscopic analysis of high-resolution X-ray spectra. The current version is 1.5, and will shortly be upgraded to v2. A detailed description of the package, together with detailed documentation, example walk-throughs, science threads, and downloadable tar files, are available on-line.

Hunter, Paul↗
NASA NTRS2020

Space Flight LiDARs, Navigation & Science Instrument Implementations: Lasers, Optoelectronics, Integrated Photonics, Fiber Optic Subsystems and Components

For the past 25 years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center's Photonics Group in the Engineering Directorate has been substantially contributing to the flight design, development, production, testing and integration of many science and navigational instruments. The Moon to Mars initiative will rely heavily upon utilizing commercial technologies for instrumentation with aggressive schedule deadlines. The group has an extensive background in screening, qualifying, development and integration of commercial components for spaceflight applications. By remaining adaptable and employing a rigorous approach to component and instrument development, they have forged and fostered relationships with industry partners. They have been willing to communicate lessons learned in packaging, part construction, materials selection, testing, and other facets of the design and production process critical to implementation for high-reliability systems. As a result, this successful collaboration with industry vendors and component suppliers has enabled a history of mission success from the Moon to Mars (and beyond) while balancing cost, schedule, and risk postures. In cases where no commercial components exist, the group works closely with other teams at Goddard Space Flight Center and other NASA field centers to fabricate and produce flight hardware for science, remote sensing, and navigation applications. Summarized here is the last ten years of instrumentation development lessons learned and data collected from the subsystems down to the optoelectronic component level.

Detectors↗
NASA NTRS1992

Project Wish: The Emerald City, phase 3

Phase 3 of Project Wish saw the evolution of the Emerald City (E-City) from a collection of specialized independent analyses and ideas to a working structural design integrated with major support systems and analyses. Emphasis was placed on comparing and contrasting the closed and open cycle gas core nuclear rocket engines to further determine the optimum propulsive system for the C-City. Power and thermal control requirements were then defined and the question of how to meet these requirements was addressed. Software was developed to automate the mission/system/configuration analysis so changes dictated by various subsystems constraints could be managed efficiently and analyzed interactively. In addition, the liquid hydrogen propellant tank was statically designed for minimum mass and shape optimization using a finite element modeling package called SDRC I-DEAS while spoke and shaft cross-sectional areas were optimized on ASTROS (Automated Structural Optimization System). A structural dynamic analysis also conducted using ASTROS enabled a study of the displacements, accelerations, modes and frequencies of the C-City. Finally, the attitude control system design began with an initial mass moment of inertia analysis and was then designed and optimized using linear quadratic regulator control theory.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2020

GNET2: an R package for constructing gene regulatory networks from transcriptomic data

Abstract Motivation The Gene Network Estimation Tool (GNET) is designed to build gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from transcriptomic gene expression data with a probabilistic graphical model. The data preprocessing, model construction and visualization modules of the original GNET software were developed on different programming platforms, which were inconvenient for users to deploy and use. Results Here, we present GNET2, an improved implementation of GNET as an integrated R package. GNET2 provides more flexibility for parameter initialization and regulatory module construction based on the core iterative modeling process of the original algorithm. The data exchange interface of GNET2 is handled within an R session automatically. Given the growing demand for regulatory network reconstruction from transcriptomic data, GNET2 offers a convenient option for GRN inference on large datasets. Availability and implementation The source code of GNET2 is available at https://github.com/jianlin-cheng/GNET2. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRS1989

FREQ: A computational package for multivariable system loop-shaping procedures

Many approaches in the field of linear, multivariable time-invariant systems analysis and controller synthesis employ loop-sharing procedures wherein design parameters are chosen to shape frequency-response singular value plots of selected transfer matrices. A software package, FREQ, is documented for computing within on unified framework many of the most used multivariable transfer matrices for both continuous and discrete systems. The matrices are evaluated at user-selected frequency-response values, and singular values against frequency. Example computations are presented to demonstrate the use of the FREQ code.

Giesy, Daniel P.↗
DOE OSTI2025

solposx: A Python package for determining solar position and atmospheric refraction

solposx is a Python package of reference algorithms for calculating the sun’s position and atmospheric refraction. The package includes 11 solar position algorithms and 6 refraction models from the past 50 years. All functions follow a standardized design pattern, making it easy to compare different algorithms. The provided algorithm implementations have been thoroughly vetted, making the package a valuable research tool and a reliable reference for implementing solar position algorithms in other programming languages or applications.

Jensen, Adam R. [Technical University of Denmark, ↗
NASA NTRS1993

CAD-based stand-alone spacecraft radiation exposure analysis system: An application of the early man-tended Space Station

Major improvements have been completed in the approach to analyses and simulation of spacecraft radiation shielding and exposure. A computer-aided design (CAD)-based system has been developed for determining the amount of shielding provided by a spacecraft and simulating transmission of an incident radiation environment to any point within or external to the vehicle. Shielding analysis is performed using a customized ray-tracing subroutine contained within a standard engineering modeling software package. This improved shielding analysis technique has been used in several vehicle design programs such as a Mars transfer habitat, pressurized lunar rover, and the redesigned international Space Station. Results of analysis performed for the Space Station astronaut exposure assessment are provided to demonastrate the applicability and versatility of the system.

Appleby, M. H.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Statistical generic design of glass and optimization: Selective review on oxide glasses

Designing a single glass composition for a multidimensional property space is challenging, and the difficulty increases with the number of design criteria. Traditionally, the task is accomplished using multiple statistical models that describe the relationships between composition (C) and property (P) values, i.e., C-P models. Recently, the structure (S)-property (P) statistical modeling has emerged as a complementary approach. The S-P modeling approach has also been shown to be a preferred method for modeling glass properties, particularly when a small data set is available, such as in single-component studies, or when strong nonlinearities exist between composition and properties. The combined model package, C-S-P, implements the concept of generic glass design, i.e., designing glass for performance by first selecting a specific or optimized set of glass network structural groups using S-P models and then transferring the designed structures (genes) to a particular composition using C-S models. This article reviews a set of supporting cases from the previous C-S-P modeling studies of phosphate, silicate, and borosilicate glasses, which are relevant for many critical commercial applications. The methodology for developing the statistical C-S-P database is presented, enabling the application of P?S?C to achieve a generic glass design and optimization, targeting multiple design criteria for both performance and processing properties simultaneously.

Network structure↗