Generalized tables of corrections to thermodynamic properties for nonpolar gases
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A flow calorimeter for determining the combustion efficiency of turbojet and ram-jet combustors from measurement of the residual enthalpy of combustion of the exhaust gas is described. Briefly, the calorimeter catalytically oxidizes the combustible constituents of exhaust-gas samples, and the resultant temperature rise is measured. This temperature rise is related to the residual enthalpy of combustion of the sample by previous calibration of the calorimeter. Combustion efficiency can be calculated from a knowledge of the residual enthalpy of the exhaust gas and the combustor input enthalpy. An accuracy of +-0.2 Btu per cubic foot was obtained with prepared fuel-air mixtures, and the combustion efficiencies of single turbojet combustors measured by both the flow-calorimeter and heat-balance methods compared within 3 percentage units. Flow calorimetry appears to be a suitable method for determining combustion efficiencies at high combustor temperatures where ordinary thermocouples cannot be used. The method is fundamentally more accurate than heat-balance methods at high combustion efficiencies and can be used to verify near-100-percent efficiency data.
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The chemical reaction of two substances (fuel and oxygen) accompanied by the formation of new substances of the products of combustion and the liberation of heat is considered.
The development of suitable thermometer shapes giving the amount of temperature rise if possible without calibration and affording ready repetition is predicated upon a fundamental elucidation of this heating on a number of elementary body forms. This report provides results of tests at subsonic and supersonic velocities.
According to one of the main propositions of the boundary layer theory the scarcely noticeable boundary layer may, under certain conditions, have a decisive influence on the form of the external flow by causing it to separate from the wing surface. These phenomena are known to be caused by a kind of stagnation of the boundary layer at the point of separation. The present report deals with similar phenomena. It is important to note that usually the cause (external interference) directly affects only the layer close to the wall, while its indirect effect extends to a large portion of the external flow.
The dispersion of ratios of (He-3/Ne-21)c and (Ne-22/Ne-21)c depending on the cosmic-ray exposure ages of meteorites is analyzed. The dispersion is increased as age decreases. This effect may be stipulated by presence of a more significant portion of meteorites of small preatmospheric sizes among meteorites of small radiation ages in comparison to meteorites of higher exposure age.