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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1988

Considerations on the moving contact-line singularity, with application to frictional drag on a slender drop

It has previously been shown that the no-slip boundary conditions leads to a singularity at a moving contact line and that this presumes some form of slip. Present considerations on the energetics of slip due to shear stress lead to a yield stress boundary condition. A model for the distortion of the liquid state near solid boundaries gives a physical basis for this boundary condition. The yield stress condition is illustrated by an analysis of a slender drop rolling down an incline. That analysis provides a formula for the frictional drag resisting the drop movement. With the present boundary condition, the length of the slip region becomes a property of the fluid flow.

Durbin, P. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Crowned spur gears - Methods for generation and tooth contact analysis. I - Basic concepts, generation of the pinion tooth surface by a plane

A topology of crowned spur pinion tooth surface that reduces the level of transmission errors due to misalignment is proposed. The geometry of the deviated pinion tooth surface and regular gear tooth surface, along with tooth contact analysis is discussed. Generation of the deviated pinion tooth surface by a plane whose motion is controlled by a five-degree-of-freedom system is proposed. Numerical results are included and indicate that transmission errors remain low as the gears are misaligned.

Litvin, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Interactions of silicate glasses with aqueous environments under conditions of prolonged contact and flow

This paper discusses mechanisms involving saturation and reactions that lead to the formation of altered phases in silicate glasses considered for use in geologic repositories for nuclear waste. It is shown that the rate of dissolution of silicate glasses exposed to a broad range of contact times, leachant compositions, and surface-to-volume ratios is strongly affected by the presence of reactive species such as Al, Mg, and Fe. The reactive materials may originate in the leachant or, under conditions of high surface-to-volume ratio, in the glass itself. The effects of glass composition on the course of the corrosion process can be viewed in terms of the formation of a surface layer on the leached glass; the type, composition, and structure of this layer control the dissolution behavior of the glass.

Barkatt, Aaron↗
NASA NTRS1990

Hard Contact With A Force-Reflecting Teleoperator

Force feedback adjusted to provide stability without sluggish and fatiguing operation. Paper reports on experiments with single-axis force-reflecting teleoperator that made contact with hard, immovable object. Experiments show that dynamics of human operator affect stability of response of control system.

Hannaford, Blake↗
NASA NTRS1989

Non-contact temperature measurement requirements

The Marshall Space Flight Center is involved with levitation experiments for Spacelab, Space Station, and drop tube/tower operations. These experiments have temperature measurement requirements, that of course must be non-contact in nature. The experiment modules involved are the Acoustic Levitator Furnace (ALF), and the Modular Electromagnetic Levitator (MEL). User requirements of the ALF and drop tube are presented. The center also has temperature measurement needs that are not microgravity experiment oriented, but rather are related to the propulsion system for the STS. This requirement will also be discussed.

Higgins, D. B.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Non-Contact Temperature Requirements (NCTM) for drop and bubble physics

Many of the materials research experiments to be conducted in the Space Processing program require a non-contaminating method of manipulating and controlling weightless molten materials. In these experiments, the melt is positioned and formed within a container without physically contacting the container's wall. An acoustic method, which was developed by Professor Taylor G. Wang before coming to Vanderbilt University from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, has demonstrated the capability of positioning and manipulating room temperature samples. This was accomplished in an earth-based laboratory with a zero-gravity environment of short duration. However, many important facets of high temperature containerless processing technology have not been established yet, nor can they be established from the room temperature studies, because the details of the interaction between an acoustic field an a molten sample are largely unknown. Drop dynamics, bubble dynamics, coalescence behavior of drops and bubbles, electromagnetic and acoustic levitation methods applied to molten metals, and thermal streaming are among the topics discussed.

Hmelo, Anthony B.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Rolling contact fatigue of surface modified 440C using a 'Ge-Polymet' type disc rod test rig

Through hardened 440 C martensitic stainless steel test specimens were surface modified and tested for changes in rolling contact fatigue using a disc on rod test rig. The surface modifications consisted of nitrogen, boron, titanium, chromium, tantalum, carbon, or molybdenum ion implantation at various ion fluences and energies. Tests were also performed on specimens reactively sputtered with titanium nitride.

Thom, Robert L.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Near contact phenomena and transient effects in far infrared photoconductors

A combination of experimental and modeling work is summarized in two areas: first, the calculation of excess free carrier and space charge distributions near contacts and their effects on device resistivity, and second, the characterization of a slow transient response (tau approx. 1 sec) in Ge:Be detectors which is due to trapping associated with Be(+) formation. In both cases, analytical models, based on continuity and rate equations, have been developed to enable the application of these findings to a wide variety of photoconductor materials.

Haegel, Nancy M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Pressurized bellows flat contact heat exchanger interface

Disclosed is an interdigitated plate-type heat exchanger interface. The interface includes a modular interconnect to thermally connect a pair or pairs of plate-type heat exchangers to a second single or multiple plate-type heat exchanger. The modular interconnect comprises a series of parallel, plate-type heat exchangers arranged in pairs to form a slot therebetween. The plate-type heat exchangers of the second heat exchanger insert into the slots of the modular interconnect. Bellows are provided between the pairs of fins of the modular interconnect so that when the bellows are pressurized, they drive the plate-type heat exchangers of the modular interconnect toward one another, thus closing upon the second heat exchanger plates. Each end of the bellows has a part thereof a thin, membrane diaphragm which readily conforms to the contours of the heat exchanger plates of the modular interconnect when the bellows is pressurized. This ensures an even distribution of pressure on the heat exchangers of the modular interconnect thus creating substantially planar contact between the two heat exchangers. The effect of the interface of the present invention is to provide a dry connection between two heat exchangers whereby the rate of heat transfer can be varied by varying the pressure within the bellows.

Voss, Fred E.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears

Spur gear endurance tests were conducted to investigate the surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute gears with low numbers of teeth and low contact ratios for use in advanced applications. The results were compared with those for a standard involute design with a low number of teeth. The gear pitch diameter was 8.89 cm (3.50 in.) with 12 teeth on both gear designs. Test conditions were an oil inlet temperature of 320 K (116 F), an oil outlet temperature of 350 K (170 F), a maximum Hertz stress of 1.49 GPa (216 ksi), and a speed of 10 000 rpm. The following results were obtained: the noninvolute gear had a surface pitting fatigue life approximately 1.6 times that of the standard involute gear of a similar design; and the surface pitting fatigue life of the 3.43-pitch AISI 8620 noninvolute gear was approximately equal to the surface pitting fatigue life of an 8-pitch, 28-tooth AISI 9310 gear at the same load but at a considerably higher maximum Hertz stress.

Townsend, Dennis P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Deep-level dominated electrical characteristics of Au contacts on beta-SiC

Electrical characteristics of Au contacts on beta-SiC films, grown epitaxially on both nominal and off-axis (100) silicon substrates, are reported. An analysis of the logarithmic I-V plots of the Au/beta-SiC diodes revealed information pertaining to the deep states present in the materials. It was found that while the beta-SiC films grown on nominally (100) oriented substrates show the presence of two deep levels located between 0.26 and 0.38 eV below the conduction bandedge, the beta-SiC films deposited on off-axis substrates have only one deep level, located about 0.49 eV below the conduction bandedge for the 2-deg off (100) substrates and 0.57 eV for the 4-deg off (100) substrates. The presence of the shallower deep states in the beta-SiC films grown on nominal (100) substrates is attributed to the electrical activity of antiphase domain boundaries.

Das, K.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute, low-contact-ratio gears

Spur gear endurance tests were conducted to investigate the surface pitting fatigue life of noninvolute gears with low numbers of teeth and low contact ratios for use in advanced applications. The results were compared with those for a standard involute design with a low number of teeth. The gear pitch diameter was 8.89 cm (3.50 in.) with 12 teeth on both gear designs. Test conditions were an oil inlet temperature of 320 K (116 F), an oil outlet temperature of 350 K (170 F), a maximum Hertz stress of 1.49 GPa (216 ksi), and a speed of 10,000 rpm. The following results were obtained: the noninvolute gear had a surface pitting fatigue life approximately 1.6 times that of the standard involute gear of a similar design; and the surface pitting fatigue life of the 3.43-pitch AISI 8620 noninvolute gear was approximately equal to the surface pitting fatigue life of an 8-pitch, 28-tooth AISI 9310 gear at the same load but at a considerably higher maximum Hertz stress.

Townsend, Dennis P.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Frictionless contact of aircraft tires

A computational procedure for the solution of frictionless contact problems of spacecraft tires was developed using a two-dimensional laminated anisotropic shell theory incorporating the effects of variations in material and geometric parameters, transverse shear deformation, and geometric nonlinearities to model the nose-gear tire of a space shuttle. Numerical results are presented for the case when the nose-gear tire is subjected to inflation pressure and pressed against a rigid pavement. The results are compared with experimental results obtained at NASA Langley, demonstrating a high accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of the computational procedure.

Kim, Kyun O.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Lubrication Of Nonconformal Contacts

Report discusses advances in knowledge of lubrication of nonconformal contacts in bearings and other machine elements. Reviews previous developments in theory of lubrication, presents advances in theory of lubrication to determine minimum film thickness, and describes experiments designed to investigate one of regimes of lubrication for ball bearings.

Jeng, Yeau-Ren↗
NASA NTRS1990

An investigation of microstructural characteristics of contact-lens polymers

The free volume and gas permeability in several contact lens specimens were measured as part of a Space Commercialization Program. Free volume was measured using positron lifetime spectroscopy, while permeability for O2, N2, CO2 gases was measured using mass spectrometry and polarography. Permeability for all gases increases with the mean free volume cell size in the test samples. As might be expected, the specimens with the highest free volume fraction also exhibit the lowest Rockwell Hardness Number. An interesting corollary is the finding that the presence of fluorine atoms in the lens chemical structure inhibits filling up of their free volume cells. This is expected to allow the lenses to breathe freely while in actual use.

Singh, Jag J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Comparison of analysis and experiment for dynamics of low-contact-ratio spur gears

Low-contact-ratio spur gears were tested in NASA gear-noise-rig to study gear dynamics including dynamic load, tooth bending stress, vibration, and noise. The experimental results were compared with a NASA gear dynamics code to validate the code as a design tool for predicting transmission vibration and noise. Analytical predictions and experimental data for gear-tooth dynamic loads and tooth-root bending stress were compared at 28 operating conditions. Strain gage data were used to compute the normal load between meshing teeth and the bending stress at the tooth root for direct comparison with the analysis. The computed and measured waveforms for dynamic load and stress were compared for several test conditions. These are very similar in shape, which means the analysis successfully simulates the physical behavior of the test gears. The predicted peak value of the dynamic load agrees with the measurement results within an average error of 4.9 percent except at low-torque, high-speed conditions. Predictions of peak dynamic root stress are generally within 10 to 15 percent of the measured values.

Oswald, Fred B.↗
NASA NTRS1991

A numerical study of the direct contact condensation on a horizontal surface

The results of a numerical study of the direct contact condensation on a slowly moving horizontal liquid surface are presented. The geometrical configuration and the input conditions used to obtain numerical solutions are representative to those of experiments of Celata et al. The effects of Prandtl number (Pr), inflow Reynolds number, and Richardson number on the condensation rate are investigated. Numerical predictions of condensation rate for laminar flow are in good agreement with experimental data. The effect of buoyancy on the condensation rate is characterized by Richardson number. A correlation based on the numerical solutions is developed to predict the average condensation Nusselt number in terms of Richardson number, Peclet number, and inflow Reynolds number.

Hasan, M. M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Turbulence in a reacting contact surface

Turbulent features in a shock tube's contact surface with the reversible reaction 2NO2 to N2O4 are explored. Turbulent densities and velocities show an overall power-law dependence in the fluctuation spectra. At fixed reactant percentages, turbulence increases with increasing Reynolds number. At fixed Reynolds numbers, increasing the reactant percentages causes a reduction in turbulence and an increase in the relative strength of discrete high-frequency components in the density fluctuation spectra. The reliability of conventional chemical modeling for this system apparently decreases with increasing turbulence in a manner suggestive of reaction rate distortion, consistent with theoretical speculation.

Johnson, J. A., III↗