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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82

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NASA NTRS1999

Recent Advances in Mars Tectonics

Since the publication of the "Stress and Tectonics on Mars" chapter in the Mars book (the last comprehensive summary of our knowledge on the topic) considerable advances have been made in certain areas of Martian tectonics and significant advances are expected with the return of Mars Global Surveyor data. This abstract will summarize the advances in our knowledge of tectonic features and processes on Mars since the Mars book and point towards new areas of research that can be expected from the Mars Global Surveyor data. Two out of three areas of study that were discussed as future directions of work in the Mars chapter have had significant work directed towards them. One area is the field of structural mapping and understanding the timing of tectonic activity on Mars in the framework of the global stratigraphy. Although the general development and relative timing of the development of the Tharsis province on Mars had been understood for some time, actual placement of mapped tectonic features in a global stratigraphic framework has only recently been completed. The second area of study mentioned in the Mars chapter was the impact of improved topography and gravity on modeling loads and deriving stresses in the Martian lithosphere. Mars Global Surveyor is on the brink of returning vastly improved topographic and gravity fields and these newer data sets can be used to better define the size and shape of Tharsis and to quantify loads and derived stresses in the Martian lithosphere. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

Golombek, M. P.↗

DOE OSTI2025

HPDR: High-Performance Portable Scientific Data Reduction Framework

The rapid growth in scientific data generation is outpacing advancements in computing systems necessary for efficient storage, transfer, and analysis, particularly in the context of exascale computing. With the deployment of first-generation exascale computing systems and next-generation experimental facilities, this gap is widening and necessitates effective data reduction techniques to manage enormous data volumes. Over the past decade, various data reduction methods, including lossless compression, error-controlled lossy compression, and data refactoring, have been developed to accelerate I/O in scientific workflows. Despite significant reductions in data volume, these methods introduce considerable computational overhead, which can become the new bottleneck in data processing. To mitigate this, GPU-accelerated data reduction algorithms have been introduced. However, challenges remain in their integration into exascale workflows, including limited portability across different GPU architectures, substantial memory transfer overhead, and reduced scalability on dense multi-GPU systems. To address these challenges, we propose HPDR, a high-performance and portable data reduction framework. HPDR is designed to enable the execution of state-of-the-art reduction algorithms across diverse processor architectures while reducing memory transfer overhead to 2.3 % of the original, resulting in up to 3.5× faster throughput compared to existing solutions. It also achieves up to 96% of the theoretical speedup in multi-GPU settings. In addition, evaluations on accelerating I/O operations at scale up to 1,024 nodes of the Frontier supercomputer demonstrate that HPDR can achieve up to 103 TB/s reduction throughput, providing up to 4× acceleration in parallel I/O performance compared to existing data reduction routines. This work highlights the potential of HPDR to significantly enhance data reduction efficiency in exascale computing environments.

Chen, Jieyang [University of Oregon]↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-10574-DND

The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) aboard of MetOP-A was successfully launched on 19 October 2006 and has been providing excellent data for more than 3 years. The IASI spectra can be converted into proxy data for the NPOESS Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CrIS) through a rigorous mathematical transformation by taking into account of instrument characteristics of both the IASI and the CrIS. The 15-channel AMSU temperature sounder, and the 5-channel and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) aboard of MetOP-A can be used to generate proxy data for the NPOESS Advanced Technology Mircrowave Sounder (ATMS). The CrIS and ATMS make up the Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounder Suite (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will primarily provide global temperature, moisture, and pressure profiles. We will describe the method used in generating the proxy data and show results of using the proxy data for evaluation of the NPOESS CrIMSS Environmental Data Record (EDR) retrieval algorithm.

Xu Liu↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

TPSAS-NF1676L-10898-DND

Xu Liu↗

DOE OSTI2025

Educational Consortium for Energy-related Data Science & Computation in Building Engineering Programs

The project spearheaded by Pennsylvania State University aims to address the growing need for integrating energy-focused computation and data science into building engineering education. As the demand for energy-efficient building designs and operations increases, the educational sector must adapt to equip future engineers with the necessary skills. This initiative responds to this need by developing a consortium that unites multiple institutions to enhance curriculum development, dataset curation, and resource sharing, thereby ensuring students are well-prepared for the evolving energy sector. The primary goal of the project is to establish a consortium that will develop and disseminate educational materials and training programs focused on energy-related data science and computation. Key accomplishments include the creation of a beta website for resource sharing, the development of training programs and standalone modules, and the curation of datasets accessible to the public. This effort will culminate in a curriculum that incorporates advanced modeling technologies and data science skills into building engineering programs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2024

Meta-Analysis of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Cost Estimations

Supporting Data can be downloaded at: https://gain.inl.gov/content/uploads/4/2024/06/INL-RPT-24-77048-R1.xlsx Nuclear energy is a critical cornerstone of the current United States clean energy supply and may play a larger role in the future in support of a transition to a net-zero economy. The current fleet of nuclear reactors predominantly consists of large light-water reactors (LWRs), while many of the reactor designs under consideration are smaller and/or different technologies. Because these new designs have not yet been built, there is a high degree of uncertainty associated with their cost. This complicates energy-planning efforts because cost projections are not always standardized, consistent, and centralized in an easily accessible location. To help support energy planning in the US, this report provides advanced nuclear cost ranges using a transparent methodology along with other relevant information that can be used to help support decision making and energy planning. The purpose of this work was to conduct a methodical process for cost evaluation using only public information that was vetted with the end-goal to provide reference cost projections for nuclear energy. To provide a solid basis for these values, the approach and assumptions are explicitly laid out throughout the report allowing any user of the data to challenge or reconsider them. Because future US nuclear-reactor costs are still unknown due to little recent observed data, the report opted to compile a comprehensive list of bottom-up estimates and evaluate averages/trends within the data to identify reference ranges. This was deemed preferable to opining on the robustness or validity of one cost estimation versus another. To that end, the work evaluated thousands of lines of cost subaccounts from several bottom-up cost estimates. A wide variety of different reactor types captured in the data are of various sizes and technologies. Some of these reactors will be representative of advanced reactors under development while others will not. Thus, the results here are dependent on the data that are available and the accuracy of the estimates that are used. Each bottom-up estimate was reviewed to determine whether it was complete. Incomplete data sets were corrected to ensure an adequate basis of cross-comparison. The report is not without limitations and should be interpreted as an initial step to develop cost ranges for nuclear technology. Ultimately, future work can build upon the methodology with refined cost estimates to reduce uncertainty. US-based overnight capital cost (OCC) estimates were compiled from extensive data sets into ranges for both large and small reactor sizes for 2030. To project the cost declines over time, learning rates were sampled from literature sources. No SMRs were previously built; hence, learning rates based on bottom-up approaches (e.g., by quantifying the impact stemming from fabrication of different components, modular work, site construction, commissioning) were prioritized. For larger reactors, actual learning rates from deployments were used to project future costs (adjusted to account for standardization or lack thereof between designs). Other costs included are fixed and variable operations and maintenance costs. The final variables were capacity factors and ramp rates to support energy planning.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

NASA NTRS1978

Advanced rotorcraft technology: Task force report

The technological needs and opportunities related to future civil and military rotorcraft were determined and a program plan for NASA research which was responsive to the needs and opportunities was prepared. In general, the program plan places the primary emphasis on design methodology where the development and verification of analytical methods is built upon a sound data base. The four advanced rotorcraft technology elements identified are aerodynamics and structures, flight control and avionic systems, propulsion, and vehicle configurations. Estimates of the total funding levels that would be required to support the proposed program plan are included.

Source record↗

DOE OSTI2023

Advanced Long-Term Environmental Monitoring Systems (ALTEMIS) Artificial Intelligence Data Management Plan

Across the Department of Energy’s Environmental and Legacy Management sites, complex groundwater plumes exist that will require long-term monitoring to ensure remedial actions that have been put in place remain effective decades into the future. The current monitoring paradigm predominantly consists of groundwater well sampling, whereby samples are collected, concentrations analyzed, and plume anomalies are detected after they have occurred. The Advanced Long Term Environmental Monitoring Systems (ALTEMIS) program is a multi-lab, multi-institution team of researchers that is deploying spatially integrative technologies (i.e., real-time in situ sensor networks), coupled with artificial intelligence and machine learning, to establish a more proactive monitoring paradigm. Within this approach, plume anomalies can be predicted, and corrective actions can be established prior to the occurrence, offering a more cost-effective and robust approach to long-term monitoring. The team has deployed a variety of different in situ sensing technologies at the Savannah River Site’s F-Area Hazardous Waste Management Facility around the F-Area Seepage Basins, which are unlined basins that received 7 billion liters of acidic low-level radioactive waste from the 1950s until the late 1980s. The technologies and techniques that the team is deploying are intended to ensure that the remedial actions that have been taken by the site remain effective decades into the future. Foundational to this approach is a robust, integrated data management and analysis plan to ensure accurate and timely reporting from the variety of sensor systems that are in place. This report will outline the data management plan that has been implemented by the ALTEMIS team at the Savannah River Site and will serve as a blueprint as the technology is translated to new sites across the DOE Complex.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

DOE BSSD Performance Management Metrics Report Q3

Microbiome data is complex, spanning information from microbial genomes within diverse communities, protein and metabolite readouts, and contextual information (metadata) captured from the environments from which these samples were collected. While the variety and scale of microbiome data generation has dramatically expanded over the past twenty years, infrastructure to support data management, sharing, and access has lagged. New ways to improve interoperability across existing resources and advancing community standards are necessary to support how researchers create, use, and reuse data. The National Microbiome Data Collaborative (NMDC) aims to advance a microbiome data sharing network through infrastructure, data standards, and community building.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2024

A Cast of Thousands: How the IDEAS Productivity Project Has Advanced Software Productivity and Sustainability

Computational and data-enabled science and engineering are revolutionizing advances throughout science and society, at all scales of computing. For example, teams in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Exascale Computing Project have been tackling new frontiers in modeling, simulation, and analysis by exploiting unprecedented exascale computing capabilities—building an advanced software ecosystem that supports next-generation applications and addresses disruptive changes in computer architectures. However, concerns are growing about the productivity of the developers of scientific software. Members of the Interoperable Design of Extreme-scale Application Software project serve as catalysts to address these challenges through fostering software communities, incubating and curating methodologies and resources, and disseminating knowledge to advance developer productivity and software sustainability. This article discusses how these synergistic activities are advancing scientific discovery—mitigating technical risks by building a firmer foundation for reproducible, sustainable science at all scales of computing, from laptops to clusters to exascale and beyond.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

DOE OSTI2026

APPL Hyperspectral_Imaging_Dataset_for_Heritability_Analysis_in_Populus_trichocarpa

This dataset contains hyperspectral imaging data collected at the Advanced Plant Phenotyping Laboratory (APPL) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Natural variants of Populus trichocarpa were imaged using a high-throughput hyperspectral phenotyping pipeline to quantify spectral reflectance traits for downstream quantitative genetics analyses. The dataset includes hyperspectral image files and derived reflectance data products suitable for extracting spectral features across the measured wavelength range (e.g., VNIR and/or SWIR, depending on instrument configuration), along with associated sample metadata (e.g., genotype identifiers, experimental design factors, and imaging run identifiers). These data were generated to support analyses of broad-sense heritability of hyperspectral traits and their relationships with biochemical phenotypes (including lignin traits from Py-MBMS).

APPL↗

NASA NTRS1985

System technology analysis of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles. Moderate lift/drag (0.75-1.5). Volume 1A, part 1: Executive summary, phase 1

Activities and significant results of Phase 1 of a study to access aeroassisted orbit transfer vehicle (AOTV) system technology are summarized. Broad concept evaluations were performed and the technology requirements and sensitivities for ground based AOTV's over a range of vehicle hypersonic lift/drag (L/D) from 0.75 to 1.5 were systematically identified and assessed. The four major task areas included systems analysis, system/subsystem trades, technology payoff assessment and plan, and cost analysis. Findings indicate that substantial performance improvements and hence cost benefit can be obtained by developing enhanced technologies such as: (1) low thrust advanced expander LOX-hydrogen engines with specific impulse of 480 to 490 sec; (2) reducing the external thermal protection system weight and increasing the maximum allowable bond/structure temperature; and (3) reducing the structural shell weight by improving the quality of the design allowable data, or use of advanced structural materials. Results also show that use of mid L/D AOTV's provide significant aerodynamic plane change capability and control authority over trajectory dispersions and off-nominal atmospheres.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2015

Finding Atmospheric Composition (AC) Metadata

The Atmospheric Composition Portal (ACP) is an aggregator and curator of information related to remotely sensed atmospheric composition data and analysis. It uses existing tools and technologies and, where needed, enhances those capabilities to provide interoperable access, tools, and contextual guidance for scientists and value-adding organizations using remotely sensed atmospheric composition data. The initial focus is on Essential Climate Variables identified by the Global Climate Observing System CH4, CO, CO2, NO2, O3, SO2 and aerosols. This poster addresses our efforts in building the ACP Data Table, an interface to help discover and understand remotely sensed data that are related to atmospheric composition science and applications. We harvested GCMD, CWIC, GEOSS metadata catalogs using machine to machine technologies - OpenSearch, Web Services. We also manually investigated the plethora of CEOS data providers portals and other catalogs where that data might be aggregated. This poster is our experience of the excellence, variety, and challenges we encountered.Conclusions:1.The significant benefits that the major catalogs provide are their machine to machine tools like OpenSearch and Web Services rather than any GUI usability improvements due to the large amount of data in their catalog.2.There is a trend at the large catalogs towards simulating small data provider portals through advanced services. 3.Populating metadata catalogs using ISO19115 is too complex for users to do in a consistent way, difficult to parse visually or with XML libraries, and too complex for Java XML binders like CASTOR.4.The ability to search for Ids first and then for data (GCMD and ECHO) is better for machine to machine operations rather than the timeouts experienced when returning the entire metadata entry at once. 5.Metadata harvest and export activities between the major catalogs has led to a significant amount of duplication. (This is currently being addressed) 6.Most (if not all) Earth science atmospheric composition data providers store a reference to their data at GCMD.

metadata search↗

DOE OSTI2020

Application of Systems Engineering Principles and Techniques in Biological Big Data Analytics: A Review

In the past few decades, we have witnessed tremendous advancements in biology, life sciences and healthcare. These advancements are due in no small part to the big data made available by various high-throughput technologies, the ever-advancing computing power, and the algorithmic advancements in machine learning. Specifically, big data analytics such as statistical and machine learning has become an essential tool in these rapidly developing fields. As a result, the subject has drawn increased attention and many review papers have been published in just the past few years on the subject. Different from all existing reviews, this work focuses on the application of systems, engineering principles and techniques in addressing some of the common challenges in big data analytics for biological, biomedical and healthcare applications. Specifically, this review focuses on the following three key areas in biological big data analytics where systems engineering principles and techniques have been playing important roles: the principle of parsimony in addressing overfitting, the dynamic analysis of biological data, and the role of domain knowledge in biological data analytics.

dynamic analysis↗

NASA NTRS1983

In-flight acoustic test results for the SR-2 and SR-3 advanced-design propellers

Several advanced-design propellers, previously tested in the wind tunnel at the Lewis Research Center, have been tested in flight at the Dryden Flight Research Facility. The flight-test propellers were mounted on a pylon on the top of the fuselage of a JetStar airplane. Acoustic data for the advanced-design SR-2 and SR-3 propellers at Mach numbers to 0.8 and helical-tip Mach numbers to 1.15 are presented; maximum blade-passage frequency sound-pressure levels are also compared.

Lasagna, P. L.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Project report for year 1

In the first year of the project, we developed a fire event tracking system using active fire detections recorded by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). We employed this algorithm to track all large fires that occurred in California from 2013 to 2020, and created a retrospective Fire Event Data Suite (FEDS) that contains the vector shapes of fire perimeters, active fire fronts, and the locations and fire radiative powers for each fire pixel at 12-hour temporal resolution for each fire event. Using the 2020 Creek Fire as a test bed, we also delineated hourly fire perimeters by combining the FEDS data with the hourly rates of spread derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) fire data. This dataset will form the basis of the near-real-time hourly fire emissions product that we plan to develop at years 2 and 3 of the project.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS1973

Evolution of the satellite telemetry data processing facility at the Goddard Space Flight Center.

Data from scientific and application satellites managed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center are acquired through the world-wide Spacecraft Tracking and Data Network (STDN). These data are forwarded to a central telemetry data processing facility whose primary objective is the timely provision of the data to users in a form suitable for their analysis. In a successful evolution, a satellite data processing facility must adapt to changing support requirements while operationally supporting active spacecraft. Advances in the technology of data transmission, data storage systems, and file management make it feasible to implement a third-generation system which will be able to satisfy experimenter requirements for the next ten years.

Keipert, F. A.↗

NASA NTRS1978

Aerodynamic characteristics of a 1/4 scale powered helicopter model with a V-type empennage

An investigation was made in the Langley V/STOL tunnel to determine rotor induced effects on a 1/4-scale helicopter model with a conventional empennage and also a V-type empennage with dihedral angles of 45 deg, 50 deg, 55 deg, and 60 deg. Static longitudinal and lateral directional stability data are presented for rotor advance ratios of 0.057, 0.102, and 0.192 in level flight and climb attitudes. The data are presented without analysis or discussion.

Freeman, C. E.↗