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At least 1,459 records · Page 81

Materials Data on Zn2Ni21B20 by Materials Project

Ni21Zn2B20 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one Ni21B20 framework and four zinc molecules. In the Ni21B20 framework, there are six inequivalent Ni+1.81+ sites. In the first Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six B+2.10- atoms. There are a spread of Ni–B bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.18 Å. In the second Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight B+2.10- atoms. There are six shorter (2.15 Å) and two longer (2.21 Å) Ni–B bond lengths. In the third Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded to six B+2.10- atoms to form distorted NiB6 octahedra that share corners with four equivalent NiB6 octahedra and edges with two equivalent NiB4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 76°. There are two shorter (2.11 Å) and four longer (2.29 Å) Ni–B bond lengths. In the fourth Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded to four equivalent B+2.10- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing NiB4 tetrahedra. All Ni–B bond lengths are 1.99 Å. In the fifth Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded in a square co-planar geometry to four equivalent B+2.10- atoms. All Ni–B bond lengths are 2.06 Å. In the sixth Ni+1.81+ site, Ni+1.81+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight B+2.10- atoms. There are four shorter (2.14 Å) and four longer (2.16 Å) Ni–B bond lengths. There are three inequivalent B+2.10- sites. In the first B+2.10- site, B+2.10- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ni+1.81+ and two equivalent B+2.10- atoms. Both B–B bond lengths are 1.76 Å. In the second B+2.10- site, B+2.10- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to six Ni+1.81+ and three B+2.10- atoms. The B–B bond length is 1.77 Å. In the third B+2.10- site, B+2.10- is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to seven Ni+1.81+ and two equivalent B+2.10- atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Ga5Ag13 by Materials Project

Ag13Ga5 is zeta silver zinc-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are thirteen inequivalent Ag sites. In the first Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to six Ag and two Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ag bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.09 Å. There are one shorter (2.72 Å) and one longer (2.75 Å) Ag–Ga bond lengths. In the second Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Ag and four Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ag bond distances ranging from 2.97–3.04 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.84 Å. In the third Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to eight Ag and two Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ag bond distances ranging from 2.88–3.10 Å. There are one shorter (2.70 Å) and one longer (2.79 Å) Ag–Ga bond lengths. In the fourth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag and four Ga atoms. There are one shorter (2.98 Å) and one longer (2.99 Å) Ag–Ag bond lengths. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.74–2.84 Å. In the fifth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to eight Ag and two Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ag bond distances ranging from 2.90–3.05 Å. There are one shorter (2.70 Å) and one longer (2.76 Å) Ag–Ga bond lengths. In the sixth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag and four Ga atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 3.01 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.87 Å. In the seventh Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to eight Ag and four Ga atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.97 Å. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.86 Å. In the eighth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and three Ga atoms. There are one shorter (2.82 Å) and two longer (2.97 Å) Ag–Ag bond lengths. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.83 Å. In the ninth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and three Ga atoms. There are one shorter (2.84 Å) and two longer (2.97 Å) Ag–Ag bond lengths. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.71–2.82 Å. In the tenth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Ag and four Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.73–2.84 Å. In the eleventh Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and three Ga atoms. There are one shorter (2.83 Å) and two longer (2.97 Å) Ag–Ag bond lengths. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.72–2.85 Å. In the twelfth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 12-coordinate geometry to four Ga atoms. There are a spread of Ag–Ga bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.86 Å. In the thirteenth Ag site, Ag is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to eleven Ag atoms. Both Ag–Ag bond lengths are 2.97 Å. There are five inequivalent Ga sites. In the first Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Ga–Ga bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the second Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Ga–Ga bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the third Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 11-coordinate geometry to nine Ag and two equivalent Ga atoms. Both Ga–Ga bond lengths are 2.97 Å. In the fourth Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ag atoms. In the fifth Ga site, Ga is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to six Ag atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on K3Zn by Materials Project

(K)3Zn is alpha bismuth trifluoride structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one K framework and four zinc molecules. In the K framework, there are two inequivalent K sites. In the first K site, K is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to four equivalent K atoms. All K–K bond lengths are 4.06 Å. In the second K site, K is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent K atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ThZn(N3O13)2 by Materials Project

Th(NO3)6ZnO6O2 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four water molecules, two Th(NO3)6 clusters, and two zinc;hexahydrate molecules. In each Th(NO3)6 cluster, Th is bonded in a cuboctahedral geometry to twelve O atoms. There are a spread of Th–O bond distances ranging from 2.54–2.64 Å. There are three inequivalent N sites. In the first N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There are a spread of N–O bond distances ranging from 1.25–1.28 Å. In the second N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.22 Å) and two longer (1.29 Å) N–O bond length. In the third N site, N is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O atoms. There is one shorter (1.25 Å) and two longer (1.27 Å) N–O bond length. There are nine inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Th and one N atom. In the second O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom. In the third O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Th and one N atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Th and one N atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Th and one N atom. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one Th and one N atom. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Th and one N atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ZnSiP2 by Materials Project

ZnSiP2 is Heusler structured and crystallizes in the cubic Fm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one SiP2 framework and four zinc molecules. In the SiP2 framework, Si4- is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent P1+ atoms. All Si–P bond lengths are 2.69 Å. P1+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of corner and edge-sharing PSi4 tetrahedra.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Tb2ZnSn3 by Materials Project

(TbSn)2ZnSn crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one 7440-31-5 molecule, two TbSn clusters, and one zinc molecule. In each TbSn cluster, Tb is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sn atom. The Tb–Sn bond length is 2.94 Å. Sn is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Tb atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ZnH6 by Materials Project

ZnH2(H2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pca2_1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight hydrogen molecules and four zinc dihydride molecules.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Zn3Co2(CN)12 by Materials Project

Zn(CoZn(CN)6)2 is High-temperature superconductor-derived structured and crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4m2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional and consists of one CoZn(CN)6 framework and one zinc molecule. In the CoZn(CN)6 framework, there are two inequivalent Co2+ sites. In the first Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six C+2.17+ atoms. All Co–C bond lengths are 1.87 Å. In the second Co2+ site, Co2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six C+2.17+ atoms. All Co–C bond lengths are 1.87 Å. Zn2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six N3- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–N bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.17 Å. There are three inequivalent C+2.17+ sites. In the first C+2.17+ site, C+2.17+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Co2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C+2.17+ site, C+2.17+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Co2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the third C+2.17+ site, C+2.17+ is bonded in a linear geometry to one Co2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. There are three inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C+2.17+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C+2.17+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C+2.17+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ZnSn3F6 by Materials Project

Zn(SnF2)3 is Cyanogen Chloride-like structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of three tin(ii) fluoride molecules and one zinc molecule.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ZnH6Cl2O3 by Materials Project

Zn(H2O)6ZnCl4 crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two ZnCl4 clusters and two zinc hexahydrate molecules. In each ZnCl4 cluster, Zn2+ is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to four Cl1- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.27–2.34 Å. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Zn2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Nd2ZnSb3 by Materials Project

(NdSb)2ZnSb crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one antimony molecule, two NdSb clusters, and one zinc molecule. In each NdSb cluster, Nd3+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Sb+2.67- atom. The Nd–Sb bond length is 2.70 Å. Sb+2.67- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Nd3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on ZnMo(NO2)4 by Materials Project

ZnMoO8(N2)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I-4 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of eight ammonia molecules, two MoO8 clusters, and two zinc dust molecules. In each MoO8 cluster, Mo6+ is bonded in a distorted hexagonal bipyramidal geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (1.99 Å) and four longer (2.02 Å) Mo–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and one O2- atom. The O–O bond length is 1.42 Å. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one Mo6+ and one O2- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Sm2ZnSb3 by Materials Project

(SmSb)2ZnSb crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of one antimony molecule, two stibanylidynesamarium molecules, and one zinc molecule.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Materials Data on Zn3Rh2(CN)12 by Materials Project

(Rh)2Zn(Zn(CN)6)2 crystallizes in the tetragonal P-4m2 space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of two rhodium molecules, two Zn(CN)6 clusters, and one zinc molecule. In each Zn(CN)6 cluster, Zn2+ is bonded in an octahedral geometry to six N3- atoms. There are a spread of Zn–N bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.17 Å. There are three inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the third C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. There are three inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C2+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a linear geometry to one Zn2+ and one C2+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Methane Activation on Cu Containing Zeolite Catalysts (Final Report)

In order to increase the value of the light alkane ethane found in shale gas, we investigated the transformation of ethane into ethylene and aromatic hydrocarbons using zinc-containing microporous catalysts. We investigated the kinetics of the reaction, and identified various active sites for the ethane dehydrogenation and aromatization. In addition, we investigated iron-containing zeolites, as catalysts for the addition of methyl groups to small olefins containing 2, 3 and 4 carbon molecules. We determined the reaction mechanism, the identity of the active site, and details of the reaction kinetics. We concluded that the use of iron zeolites is very promising to upgrade small olefins (2-4 carbon species) into larger olefins (4-7 carbon species) that are more valuable as fuels and as petrochemical products.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Gamma Equipment System Requirements by Application

This document outlines a set of requirements for gamma sensitive systems applied to three different applications: (1) homeland security (search and identification); (2) in-situ quantification; and (3) quantification in a material characterization laboratory. These three applications represent a range of activities that a country might use for locating, identifying, and quantifying radioactive material. These applications require increasing accuracy and system advancements, and skill levels. This document considers systems with various detector types and are characterized by their energy resolution: (1) low resolution (e.g., NaI(Tl) scintillation) and (2) higher resolution (e.g., high-purity germanium [HPGe] solid state) systems. The higher resolution systems also include cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) and only mechanically cooled HPGe systems are considered. These detectors and their associated acquisition hardware and analysis software afford a broad range of capabilities with corresponding ranges of complexity, maintainability, and cost. Ultimately, the equipment must meet the measurement goals of the application, and compliance with a given list of hardware specifications does not in itself guarantee meeting those goals. Examples of typical performance objectives for international safeguards applications are documented in International Target Values 2010 for Measurement Uncertainties in Safeguarding Nuclear Materials (IAEA, STR-368, November 2010). Selection of the detector type best suited to a specific application is often a compromise between “state of the art” or best available option and what is practical.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗

Electrodeposited Aluminum Oxide as Alternative to Conventional Pretreatments

Iron and zinc phosphate pretreatments are still heavily used in both the oil & gas and automotive industries as adhesion promoters for paints and E-coat systems. These solutions are known to generate hazardous sludges and rinse water which must be periodically disposed of, a problem made worse by the increasing desire for aluminum alloy incorporation in vehicles. This presentation will introduce novel electrodeposited aluminum oxide pretreatments as a sustainable alternative to phosphates. The aluminum oxide coatings improve corrosion resistance and paint adhesion, generate no hazardous waste streams, are cost-effective, and can be applied to any metal surface. This new type of surface pretreatment can conform to TT-C-490 Type IV and VI for Military applications on both ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces as well as automotive specifications for equivalent civilian markets. The thin aluminum oxide treatment also supports the development of lightweight coatings systems for automotive and aerospace applications without sacrificing performance and is a perfect complement to the E-coating process. Since aluminum oxide uses a chemical binding mechanism for paints, the surface can even be modified to offer excellent paint adhesion and corrosion resistance directly to top-coats without the need for primer. This opens a pathway to fewer coating steps for simplified paint application and lightweight, next-generation coatings systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

24.1.3.1.1 - Frisch Grid CZT Spectrometer

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) worked with FLIR System Inc., the manufacturer of the nanoRAIDER, to develop a handheld field deployable detector based on the novel position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) detectors (with 1% FWHM at 662 keV or better energy resolution). The detector called nanoRAIDER-VFG would be an improvement to the current nanoRAIDER, which is a compact gamma-ray detection instrument manufactured by FLIR Systems Inc. that employs relatively lower-performing CZT hemispheric detectors (i.e., 3%-FWHM CZT detectors). The nanoRAIDER-VFG would have significantly improved accuracy of measurements while maintaining similar efficiency, as compared to the nanoRAIDER, for in-field analysis of nuclear materials and detection of undeclared activities during inspections conducted by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Since the nanoRAIDER is currently used by the IAEA as part of its Complementary Access toolkit, a relatively quick acceptance of the nanoRAIDER-VFG for safeguards was anticipated. The nanoRAIDER-VFG project was undertaken to address the following items in the IAEA's Long-Term R&D Plan, 2012-2023: 2.2 (elemental and isotopic signatures of fuel cycle processes); 2.3 (detect signatures of undeclared activity and improve analysis); and 2.6 (detect process emanations). The high energy-resolution of the nanoRAIDER-VFG would also have had applicability to 3.2 (fissile content of metal mixtures containing actinides Np, Am, etc.). The project was not completed due to a change in priorities within FLIR.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗