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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

Statistically Significant Evidence of a Release of Zinc from Pit 1 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Experimental Test Site 300 (90-Day Report)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is submitting this 90-Day Report in accordance with Waste Discharge Requirements Order No. 93-100, Provision 4. This letter report is provided in reference to several seven-day letters in which LLNL reported that ground water sample analytical results from monitoring wells Kl-05, Kl-08, Kl-09, and W-PITl-2326 indicated "statistically significant evidence of a release" of zinc from LLNL's Site 300 Experimental Test Facility landfillPit 1 (Figure 1).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Federal Emergency Management Agency Mobile Housing Unit Running Gear Testing (Final Report)

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) stages manufactured housing units (MHUs) at key locations to be used during disasters when other housing accommodations cannot be arranged for individuals or families. Due to the unpredictability of natural disasters and the limitations of the manufactured housing industry to produce large numbers of MHUs in very short periods of time, it is necessary for FEMA to store a large number of units for many months or years. With these long storage periods come degradation issues with frames, tires, bearing, and braking systems. These types of issues are also of interest to the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) because regulated carriers normally transport these units and 49 CFR 393.75 Tires specifies tire loading restrictions for manufactured homes. To compare the running gear (tires, brakes, drums, bearings, axles, springs, and spring mounting hardware) currently specified in the 2014 Rugged Based Performance Requirements (RBPR) and the newly recommended running gear specified in the upcoming revision to the RBPR, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) outlined a Longevity Test Plan, which focused on the assessment of component longevity (failure rates by component type). The Test Plan also studied the forces imparted to the MHU from the running gear from interaction with the roadway for both the running gear in the 2014 RBPR and the running gear specified in the upcoming RBPR revision. Since the assessment of component longevity and failures are also issues of concern for FMCSA, both agencies collaborated to support the research presented in this report. The tests and data collection were conducted at the Navistar Proving Grounds (NPG) in New Carlisle (near South Bend), Indiana, during the May-November 2018 period. Four alternatives for the suspension system of a typical three-bedroom MHU were considered in this test. Alternative 0 was the MHU that was selected from the FEMA staging area in Selma, Alabama. Empirical data had shown that, on average, this alternative experiences one tire failure every 150 miles (or 0.0067 tire failures per mile traveled). Before testing, Alternative 0 was equipped with similar running gear hardware, although in new condition and installed following the manufacturer’s specifications. This became the Baseline Unit, or Alternative 1. Another unit, also selected from the FEMA staging area in Selma, Alabama, was equipped with better axles (i.e., axles that were rated for 7,000lbs as opposed to 6,000lbs for the Baseline Unit) and better tires. This became the Upgrade Unit, or Alternative 2. At the end of the Longevity Test, the Upgrade Unit was mounted with radial tires. This became Alternative 3.Alternative 1 (Baseline Unit) had, on average, one tire failure every 251 miles (or 0.0040 tire failures per mile traveled). So, by simply following the correct manufacturer’s specifications for the assembly of the transportation system, a reduction of 41% in the per mile tire failure was achieved. In the same test, Alternative 2 (Upgrade Unit) showed, on average, one tire failure every 728 miles traveled (or 0.0014 tire failure s per mile traveled). When the Upgrade Unit was mounted with radial tires in the last part of the test, no tire failures were observed for the 2,400 miles tested. That is, in the case of the radial tires (Alternative 3) the tire failure was less than one per 2,400 miles traveled (or less than 0.0004 tire failures per mile traveled). The data collected for the Longevity Test showed that the maximum accelerations were registered in all cases at the center of the MHU in the vertical direction. The overall maximum was registered by the Baseline Unit, Alternative 1. If that value is normalized to 100%, then the Upgrade Unit (Alternative 2) showed, on average, 81% at the same location, and Alternative 3 (radial-tire test) 59%. That is, the upgraded transportation system showed a reduction of 19% and 41% in the vertical accelerations transmitted to MHU at its center when regular and radial tires, respectively, were used. As part of the Test Protocol, NPG conducted a visual inspection of the MHUs and transportation system at the end of each test day. ORNL reviewed all the inspection reports in an attempt to determine if there was any difference in the damage that the Baseline and Upgrade MHUs showed during the test. The Upgrade Unit always showed lower accelerations transmitted to the MHU than the Baseline Unit. In most cases, these differences were statistically significant. The FEMA inspection report, conducted by a FEMA certified inspector at the end of the tests, included a shorter list of damaged items for the Baseline Unit than for the Upgrade Unit, although similar type of damages was described for both units. This may be an indication that, although lower than those of the Baseline Unit, the accelerations transmitted by the Upgrade Unit were above the threshold at which MHU elements start to fail.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2017

2016 Distributed Wind Market Report

The annual Distributed Wind Market Report documents, analyzes, and characterizes the differences and trends unique to distributed wind applications, including but not limited to, costs, number of deployments, performance and capacity factors, types of turbines used, customer types, domestic and international markets, market drivers and barriers, and local economic impact. Other market reports concentrate only on U.S. wind projects using turbines greater than 100 kW. This report specifically analyzes the distributed wind sector of the market and details the annual U.S. small wind market.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Site Environmental Report for 2015 Sandia National Laboratories, California

Sandia National Laboratories, California (SNL/CA) is a government-owned/contractor-operated laboratory. Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, manages and operates the laboratory for the Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The NNSA Sandia Field Office administers the contract and oversees contractor operations at the site. This Site Environmental Report for 2015 was prepared in accordance with DOE Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety and Health Reporting (DOE 2012b). The report provides a summary of environmental monitoring information and compliance activities that occurred at SNL/CA during calendar year 2015, unless noted otherwise. General site and environmental program information is also included.

Larsen, Barbara L.↗
DOE OSTI2019

Report for 2.2.1 Task 3: Develop and Document an Advanced Human System Interface for the Generic Pressurized Water Reactor Simulator

The report explains the development of four new Operator Work Displays (OWDs). The work is performed for Idaho National Laboratory (INL) by the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE). The OWDs are implemented, and initially tested at the Generic Pressurized Water Reactor (gPWR) simulator in HAlden Man Machine LABoratory (HAMMLAB). The OWDs are designed to bridge the gap between large overview displays and detailed operator workstation displays. The report presents their design rationale, which stem from: human factors findings, industrial standards and guidelines and research into visual perception for computer displays. The report presents initial experiences using the OWDs, and topics for further work.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2017

Scalable Data Management, Analysis, and Visualization (SDAV) Institute (Final Report)

The purpose of the SDAV institute is to provide tools and expertise in scientific data management, analysis, and visualization to application scientists on leadership-class computing facilities. Our goal is to actively work with application teams to assist them in achieving breakthrough science, and to provide technical solutions in the data management, analysis, and visualization regimes that are broadly used by the computational science community. Over the last 5 years members of our institute worked directly with application scientists to assist them by applying the best tools and technologies at our disposal. We also enhanced our tools based on input from scientists on their needs. Many of the applications we have been working with are based on connections with scientists established in previous years. However, we contacted additional scientists though our outreach activities, as well as engaging application teams running on leading DOE computing systems. Our approach is to employ an evolutionary development and deployment process: first considering the application of existing tools, followed by the customization necessary for each particular application, and then the deployment in real frameworks and infrastructures. The institute is organized into three areas, each with area leaders, who keep track of progress, engagement of application scientists, and results. The areas are: (1) Data Management, (2) Data Analysis, and (3) Visualization. This report is organized along these areas. However, often there are multiple technologies from these areas that are applied to a single application need. These are described on a case-by-case basis in the appropriate sections. This final report for the SDAV Institute covers the 5-year period from February 2012 to February 2017. This report covers activities in all SDAV institutions listed next. Laboratories: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LLNL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). Universities: Georgia Institute of Technology, North Carolina State University, Northwestern University, Ohio State University, Oregon State University, Rutgers University, University of California at Davis, University of Utah. Industry: Kitware.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

MARSAME Release Report for TA46 Building 1

Environmental Protection and Compliance, Environmental Stewardship (EPC-ES) has identified materials associated with technical area 46, Building 1 (TA-46-001) that meet the criteria for unrestricted release to the public under Department of Energy (DOE) Order 458.1 Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment (DOE 2013). We have also identified materials in certain rooms, e.g., ventilation systems and liquid drains and piping, which do not meet the criteria for unrestricted release and are to be treated as Low Level Waste (LLW). These conclusions are based on the known history of the structures combined with radiation survey data collected in 2018, and findings are consistent with DOE Order 458.1 and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Functional Series Document EPC-ES-FSD-004, Environmental Radiation Protection (LANL 2017). Sampling and data analysis, as described in this report, were sufficient to meet measurement quality objectives under the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Assessment of Materials and Equipment (MARSAME) manual (MARSAME 2009) and LANL procedures (LANL 2015). Final approvals for waste disposition will come from LANL’s Waste Management Program. The scope of this final release report includes structure TA-46-001. Floorplans for building 46-001 are provided in Figures 2 through 4. Metal materials included in this report are not subject to the DOE metal moratorium. While MARSAME provides guidance on statistical sampling for residual radionuclides in bulk materials, smaller miscellaneous items can be released via the release procedures outlined in LANL Policy 121 Radiation Protection (LANL 2018).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2016

4 th Quarter / Annual Transportation Report FY16: Waste Shipments To and From the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), Radioactive Waste Management Complex

This report satisfies the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office commitment to prepare a quarterly summary report of waste shipments to the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) Radioactive Waste Management Complex at Area 5. This report summarizes both the 4th quarter and fiscal year (FY) 2016 low-level radioactive waste, mixed low-level radioactive waste, and classified non-radioactive shipments. There were no shipments sent for offsite treatment from a NNSS facility and returned to the NNSS this quarter of FY 2016.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ames Laboratory Site Environmental Report Calendar Year 2018

The primary purpose of this report is to summarize the performance of Ames Laboratory’s environmental programs, present highlights of significant environmental activities, and confirm compliance with environmental regulations and requirements for calendar year 2018. This report is a working requirement of Department of Energy Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety and Health Reporting. It includes descriptions of the Laboratory’s site, mission, the status of its compliance with applicable environmental regulations, its planning and activities to maintain compliance, and a comprehensive review of its environmental protection, surveillance and monitoring activities.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Ames Laboratory Annual Site Environmental Report Calendar Year 2017

The primary purpose of this report is to summarize the performance of Ames Laboratory’s environmental programs, present highlights of significant environmental activities, and confirm compliance with environmental regulations and requirements for calendar year 2017. This report is a working requirement of Department of Energy Order 231.1B, Environment, Safety and Health Reporting. It includes descriptions of Ames Laboratory’s site, mission, the status of its compliance with applicable environmental regulations, its planning and activities to maintain compliance, and a comprehensive review of its environmental protection, surveillance and monitoring activities.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2019

Quality Guidelines for Energy System Studies: Capital Cost Scaling Methodology (Revision 4 Report)

NETL regularly updates legacy analysis with new studies as the Department of Energy objectives change, technology performance improves, costs are reduced, regulations change, market drivers are established, fuel prices fluctuate, and any number of other relevant factors vary in the market. As legacy studies are updated by NETL, the underlying performance and cost of the cases changes, and the methods for interpreting and scaling the cost estimates change. Therefore, it is important that NETL maintain public guidance documents associated with different sets of cost estimates that delineate how a specific set should be scaled. This QGESS report, providing guidance on capital cost scaling, should generally be applied to NETL case costs included in the report “Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity Revision 4” (BBR4), or any cases derived from the cases presented in the referenced report.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Fast and Robust Linear Solvers based on Hierarchical Matrices (LDRD Final Report)

This report is the final report for the LDRD project "Fast and Robust Linear Solvers using Hierarchical Matrices". The project was a success. We developed two novel algorithms for solving sparse linear systems. We demonstrated their effectiveness on ill-conditioned linear systems from ice sheet simulations. We showed that in many cases, we can obtain near-linear scaling. We believe this approach has strong potential for difficult linear systems and should be considered for other Sandia and DOE applications. We also report on some related research activities in dense solvers and randomized linear algebra.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Closeout report for statistics for environmental sampling

This Project Closure Report is the final project document required to complete the project record and to close the project in the office’s web-based project management system. This report is for use by senior management to assess major project outcomes and their impact, identify best practices and other useful insights for future projects, and identify any open issues meriting attention. In accordance with DOE Order 243.1B, Records Management Program, this report will be managed in accordance with all prescribed laws, regulations, directives, and processes to ensure adequate and proper documentation of DOE’s organizations, missions, functions, policies, and decisions (See 44 U.S.C., Chapters 21, 29, 31, 33, and 35; 36 CFR Subchapter B, Records Management, and all applicable National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) mandated guidance.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Wireless 3D Nanorod Composite Arrays based High Temperature Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors for Selective Gas Detection through Machine Learning Algorithms (Final Report)

This is the final scientific and technical report which summarizes the research conducted through this funded project. In this report, we first present the accomplishments of the project, major research activities and specific activities conducted, and then discuss the significant results. We also describe the opportunities for training and professional development provided to the involved students as well as the products produced. Finally, we report the impact of the research on the development of human resources and present the budgetary information.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

First Annual Report on Pulsed Thermal Tomography Nondestructive Evaluation of Additively Manufactured Reactor Materials and Components: Pulsed Thermal Tomography Nondestructive Examination of Additively Manufactured Reactor Materials and Components

Additive manufacturing (AM, or 3D printing) for commercial nuclear energy applications is an emerging method for cost-efficient manufacturing aimed at replacing aging nuclear reactor parts and reducing costs for new construction. Because of the geometry of metallic structures of interest for nuclear applications, which consist of planar primitives with no symmetry of revolution, limited options are available for nondestructive evaluation (NDE), either during or post manufacturing. Known material flaws in AM include low-density regions consisting of non-sintered powder, which have to be detected to ensure the safety of long-term performance nuclear reactor components. As a solution to NDE of AM, we are developing pulsed thermal tomography (PTT) models and depth inversion algorithms for 3D imaging. PTT has many advantages because the method is non-contact and allows for in-service, NDE of AM nuclear reactor parts. By analyzing transients of surface temperature response due to internal thermal resistances, one can obtain 3D reconstructions of material effusivity using a unique inversion algorithm developed at Argonne. This report provides results of preliminary performance evaluation of PTT capability in detection of flaws in metallic structures, as well imaging complex geometry AM structures. Performance of PTT was investigated through modeling and experiments, Computer models of PTT were developed using COMSOL Heat Transfer module. Defects were modeled as cylindrical flat bottom holes (FBH), which is a common model of calibrated material flaws in thermal tomography experiments. Materials considered in this study include stainless steel 316 (SS316), stainless steel 304 (SS304), and Inconel 718. Theoretical analyses were conducted to validate inversion of simulated PTT data with COMSOL for a plate. Subsequently, 3D reconstructions were performed on COMSOL simulations for FBH, revealing a decrease in spatial resolution over depth due to thermal diffusion. The results of this study show that the performance of the inversion algorithm for detecting smaller defects depends strongly on the depth of the defect as well as the incident heat flux. The size of detectable defect was estimated by fitting a Gaussian function to surface temperature profile. The criteria for detectability was taken as 20mK noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), which is currently the sensitivity limit of high-performance infrared cameras. It was determined through computer simulations that the smallest detectable FBH in SS316 has a 50µm diameter and is located 0.5mm below the plate surface. Preliminary experimental studies were performed to evaluate PTT performance in detecting calibrated flaws using metallic specimens with AM defects simulated as drilled-in FBH’s. High strength Stainless Steel 316 and Inconel 718 alloys were considered, as well as lower grade Stainless Steel 304, Nickel 200, and Hastelloy C276. Specimens investigated in this report consisted of approximately 1/4in-thick plates made out of these alloys using conventional manufacturing methods. The diameters of FBH’s varied from 1mm to 8mm, and their depths below the plate flat surface varied between 1mm and 6mm. The size of the smallest FBH was limited to 1mm because conventional mechanical drills were used for creating the holes. PTT imaging results have shown that 1mm-diameter FBH located 1mm and 2mm below the surface were detectable. Larger size FBH were detectable at greater depth. For example, 6mm-diameter FBH could be detected at 8mm depth. Image contrast varied slightly between the specimens, with the best reconstructions obtained in SS316 and C276 plates. Finally, PTT capability in imaging several AM structures fabricated from Inconel 718 (IN718) powder feedstock was investigated. The AM structures have complex geometry, but do not have calibrated internal defects. The objective is to determine PTT settings, such as the total integration time, for imaging of representative AM structures. A new FLIR X8500sc IR camera with higher spatial resolution (1280x1024 at 181Hz frame rate) was integrated into the PTT laboratory setup. Software tools were developed to ensure compatibility of new camera files with legacy effusivity reconstruction codes. The new camera was used to obtain 3-D reconstructions of AM IN718 nozzle plate and a particle filter plate. It was shown that PTT can scan through 2/3in-thick Inconel 718 plates in approximately 15s. Several modes of 3-D data visualization were explored, including using ImageJ and MATLAB software packages. The results demonstrate the capability of PTT in 3-D imaging of complex geometry AM structures. Intermediate results demonstrated in this report will be developed further to investigate detection of flaws in AM specimens.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Clean Cities Coalitions (2018 Activity Report)

Clean Cities coalition activities resulted in an energy use impact (EUI) of over 1 billion gasoline-gallons equivalent (GGE), comprised of net alternative fuels used and energy savings from efficiency projects, in 2018. Participation in vehicle and infrastructure development projects remained strong, as did alternative fuel use and resulting overall EUI. Clean Cities coalition activities reduce emissions as they impact energy use. Coalition-reported activities prevented 5 million carbon dioxide-equivalent tons of emissions (only greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions are reported here; criteria pollutants and other emissions are not included in this report). Coalitions were successful in securing project grant awards from numerous (non-DOE) outside sources. For other Federal, State, and local agencies and private sector foundations, see funding section on page 25. The 84 project grant awards in 2018 generated $251 million in funds from coalition members and project partners along with $1.9 million in DOE grant funds. Coalitions also collected $1.1 million in stakeholder dues and $2.9 million in operational funds from host organizations. In macro terms, this supplemental funding represents nearly a 7:1 leveraging of the $37.8 million that was included in the VTO Technology Integration budget in Fiscal Year 2018. Clean Cities coordinators spent nearly 121,000 hours pursuing their coalitions' goals in 2018. The average coordinator is quite experienced and has held his or her position for at least eight years. Coordinators logged more than 3,805 outreach, education, and training activities in 2018, which reached an estimated 35 million people.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2017

Initial Site-Specific De-Inventory Report for Humboldt Bay

This report has been developed to satisfy solicitation number 6400013399 under subcontract number 4000138474 issued by UT-Battelle, LLC, managing contractor of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to AREVA Federal Services (AFS). The purpose of this report is to assist the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE) in laying the groundwork for implementing an integrated waste management system. This includes preparing for future large-scale transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF), High-Level Waste (HLW), and Greater Than Class C (GTCC) Low Level Waste (LLW). This report addresses the tasks and interfaces necessary for the complete de-inventory of the Humboldt Bay (HB) site located on Humboldt Bay near the town of Eureka, CA, about 260 miles north of San Francisco, CA. As such, it provides information useful for planning options within the integrated waste management system.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Potential Impacts of Accelerated Climate Change (Annual Report of Work)

This research project is part of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s (NRC’s) Probabilistic Flood Hazard Assessment (PFHA) research plan in support of developing a risk-informed licensing framework for flood hazards and design standards at proposed new facilities and significance determination tools for evaluating potential deficiencies related to flood protection at operating facilities. The PFHA plan aims to build upon recent advances in deterministic, probabilistic, and statistical modeling of extreme precipitation events to develop regulatory tools and guidance for NRC staff with regard to PFHA for nuclear facilities. The tools and guidance developed under the PFHA plan will support and enhance the NRC’s capacity to perform thorough and efficient reviews of license applications and license amendment requests. They will also support risk-informed significance determination of inspection findings, unusual events, and other oversight activities. For Year 1, specifically, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) staff: Prepared an annual report that summarizes recent scientific findings, reports on activities of federal agencies with direct responsibility for climate change science, and provide a qualitative assessment of these findings relevant to NRC concerns on a regional level (i.e., increasing air and water temperatures, decreasing water availability, increasing frequency and intensity of storms and flooding, and sea level rise). Participated in annual webinars with NRC staff at NRC Headquarters in Rockville, Maryland. Presented updates summarizing recent scientific findings at the NRC PFHA Workshop Headquarters in Rockville, Maryland. PNNL staff have identified neither technical nor programmatic issues in proceeding with Year 2 activities. PNNL staff updated this report in March and April 2019.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗