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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,459 records · Page 81
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2012

Towards a study of the {sup 22}Ne(p,{gamma}){sup 23}Na reaction at LUNA

The {sup 22}Ne(p,{gamma}){sup 23}Na reaction is a part of the hydrogen burning NeNa cycle. In second-generation stars hydrogen burning may proceed via this cycle. The rate of the {sup 22}Ne(p,{gamma}){sup 23}Na reaction depends on the strength of several resonances in the energy range of the LUNA 400 kV accelerator which have never been observed in direct experiments. A related study is under preparation at LUNA.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Measurement of {sup 17}F+p reactions at RESOLUT

The {sup 14}O({alpha},p){sup 17}F reaction is important for understanding the {alpha}p process that occurs in X-ray bursts, but the rate of this reaction remains uncertain due to the uncertain properties of states in {sup 18}Ne. We measured the {sup 17}F(p,p){sup 17}F and {sup 17}F(p,{alpha}){sup 14}O reactions to study the properties of states in {sup 18}Ne that are important for the {sup 14}O({alpha},p){sup 17}F reaction using {sup 17}F radioactive beams from the RESOLUT facility at Florida State University. Double-sided silicon strip detectors were used to detect light particles, and recoiling heavy ions were detected in coincidence using a gas ionization chamber at forward angles. The performance of the system was first tested using the {sup 17}O(p,{alpha}){sup 14}N reaction. This was the first measurement using the ASIC electronics and recoil detector being developed for the Array for Nuclear Astrophysics Studies with Exotic Nuclei (ANASEN). We report on the performance and preliminary results.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Radiation damage in heteroepitaxial BaTiO{sub 3} thin films on SrTiO{sub 3} under Ne ion irradiation

The microstructure evolution of heteroepitaxial BaTiO{sub 3} (BTO) thin films grown on single crystal (001) SrTiO{sub 3} (STO) under Ne irradiation at room temperature was systematically investigated with special attention given to the behavior at the BTO/STO interface. Cross sectional transmission electron microscope investigations reveal that amorphization occurs at the top BTO film region. BTO grains in the dimensions of 10-20 nm survived the irradiation damage and maintained their original crystal orientation. Other irradiation-induced defects such as dislocation loops and defect clusters were observed only at the portion of the BTO thin film near the interface, but not at the STO side of the bilayer. Atomic calculations find that the energetics of defects are very similar on each side of the BTO/STO interface, suggesting that the interface will not significantly modify radiation damage evolution in this system, in agreement with the experimental observations. These results support the hypothesis we presented in previous work about the role of coherent interfaces on radiation damage evolution.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Study of nonlinear refraction of organic dye by Z-scan technique using He-Ne laser

Laser induced third-order nonlinear optical responses of Brilliant Green solution has been investigated by utilizing single beam Z-scan technique with a continuous-wave He-Ne laser radiation at 632.8 nm. It was observed that the material exhibits self-defocusing type optical nonlinearity. The measurements of nonlinear refraction were carried out at different dye concentrations and found that the increase in solution concentration leads to the linear increase of the nonlinear refractive index. The experimental results confirm great potential of the Brilliant Green for the application in nonlinear optical devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Effect of strongly coupled plasma on the magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar transitions of two-electron ions

Effect of strongly coupled plasma on the excitation energies and transition probabilities for the respective transitions 1s{sup 2}:{sup 1}S{sup e}{yields} 1sns:{sup 3}S{sup e} (n = 2, 3, 4) and 1s{sup 2}:{sup 1}S{sup e}{yields} 1snp:{sup 3}P{sup o} (n = 2, 3, 4) allowed by magnetic dipolar and quadrupolar excitations have been analyzed for the first time for the two-electron ions C{sup 4+}, O{sup 6+}, Ne{sup 8+}, Mg{sup 10+}, Si{sup 12+}, and S{sup 14+}. Time dependent Hatree-Fock theory within variational approach has been adopted for such a study. The effect of surrounding plasma has been treated through the standard Ion-Sphere (IS) model of the plasma where the plasma density is varied systematically from a low value to a pretty high value such that the respective excited states go over to continuum due to such a confinement. The effect of external pressure generated due to plasma confinement on the estimated spectral properties has been analyzed systematically.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

The ReA electron-beam ion trap charge breeder for reacceleration of rare isotopes

ReA is a post-accelerator at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. ReA is designed to reaccelerate rare isotopes to energies of a few MeV/u following production by projectile fragmentation and thermalization in a gas cell. The facility consists of four main components: an electron-beam ion trap (EBIT) charge breeder, an achromatic charge-over-mass (Q/A) separator, a radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator, and a superconducting radio-frequency linear accelerator. The EBIT charge breeder was specifically designed to efficiently capture continuous beams of singly charged ions injected at low energy (<60 keV), charge breed in less than 50 ms, and extract highly charged ions to the Q/A separator for charge-state selection and reacceleration through the accelerator structures. The use of highly charged ions to reach high beam energies is a key aspect that makes ReA a compact and cost-efficient post-accelerator. The EBIT is characterized by a high-current electron gun, a long multi-electrode trap structure and a dual magnet to provide both the high electron-beam current density necessary for fast charge breeding of short-lived isotopes as well as the high capture probability of injected beams. This paper presents an overview and the status of the ReA EBIT, which has extracted for reacceleration tests stable {sup 20}Ne{sup 8+} ion beams produced from injected gas and more recently {sup 39}K{sup 16+} beams by injecting stable {sup 39,41}K{sup +} ions from an external ion source.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2013

Development of an (e,2e) electron momentum spectroscopy apparatus using an ultrashort pulsed electron gun

An (e,2e) apparatus for electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) has been developed, which employs an ultrashort-pulsed incident electron beam with a repetition rate of 5 kHz and a pulse duration in the order of a picosecond. Its instrumental design and technical details are reported, involving demonstration of a new method for finding time-zero. Furthermore, EMS data for the neutral Ne atom in the ground state measured by using the pulsed electron beam are presented to illustrate the potential abilities of the apparatus for ultrafast molecular dynamics, such as by combining EMS with the pump-and-probe technique.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Plasma focus ion beam fluence and flux—For various gases

A recent paper derived benchmarks for deuteron beam fluence and flux in a plasma focus (PF) [S. Lee and S. H. Saw, Phys. Plasmas 19, 112703 (2012)]. In the present work we start from first principles, derive the flux equation of the ion beam of any gas; link to the Lee Model code and hence compute the ion beam properties of the PF. The results show that, for a given PF, the fluence, flux, ion number and ion current decrease from the lightest to the heaviest gas except for trend-breaking higher values for Ar fluence and flux. The energy fluence, energy flux, power flow, and damage factors are relatively constant from H{sub 2} to N{sub 2} but increase for Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe due to radiative cooling and collapse effects. This paper provides much needed benchmark reference values and scaling trends for ion beams of a PF operated in any gas.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Methane activation using noble gases in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor

The conversion of methane is measured in a planar-type dielectric barrier discharge reactor using three different noble gases—He, Ne, and Ar—as additives. The empirical results obtained clearly indicate that methane activation is considerably affected by thy type of noble gas used. Through 0-D calculations, the discharge parameters inside the reactor, i.e., electron temperature and electron density, are estimated using experiment results. A comparison of the discharge characteristics and experimental results shows that the electron temperature is an important factor in achieving high methane activation and the mixture with Ar gas shows the highest methane conversion. These results are constructed using the mechanisms of energy and charge transfer from excited and ionized noble gas atoms to methane molecules, considering the number density of active atoms of noble gases. Finally, electron temperatures obtained for gas mixtures having different reactant compositions and concentrations are analyzed to estimate methane activation.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Estimations of Mo X-pinch plasma parameters on QiangGuang-1 facility by L-shell spectral analyses

Plasma parameters of molybdenum (Mo) X-pinches on the 1-MA QiangGuang-1 facility were estimated by L-shell spectral analysis. X-ray radiation from X-pinches had a pulsed width of 1 ns, and its spectra in 2–3 keV were measured with a time-integrated X-ray spectrometer. Relative intensities of spectral features were derived by correcting for the spectral sensitivity of the spectrometer. With an open source, atomic code FAC (flexible atomic code), ion structures, and various atomic radiative-collisional rates for O-, F-, Ne-, Na-, Mg-, and Al-like ionization stages were calculated, and synthetic spectra were constructed at given plasma parameters. By fitting the measured spectra with the modeled, Mo X-pinch plasmas on the QiangGuang-1 facility had an electron density of about 10{sup 21} cm{sup −3} and the electron temperature of about 1.2 keV.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Influence of the gas-flow Reynolds number on a plasma column in a glass tube

Atmospheric-plasma generation inside a glass tube is influenced by gas stream behavior as described by the Reynolds number (Rn). In experiments with He, Ne, and Ar, the plasma column length increases with an increase in the gas flow rate under laminar flow characterized by Rn < 2000. The length of the plasma column decreases as the flow rate increases in the transition region of 2000 < Rn < 4000. For a turbulent flow beyond Rn > 4000, the length of the plasma column is short in front of the electrode, eventually leading to a shutdown.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2013

Propagation and stability characteristics of a 500-m-long laser-based fiducial line for high-precision alignment of long-distance linear accelerators

A laser-based alignment system with a He-Ne laser has been newly developed in order to precisely align accelerator units at the KEKB injector linac. The laser beam was first implemented as a 500-m-long fiducial straight line for alignment measurements. We experimentally investigated the propagation and stability characteristics of the laser beam passing through laser pipes in vacuum. The pointing stability at the last fiducial point was successfully obtained with the transverse displacements of ±40 μm level in one standard deviation by applying a feedback control. This pointing stability corresponds to an angle of ±0.08 μrad. This report contains a detailed description of the experimental investigation for the propagation and stability characteristics of the laser beam in the laser-based alignment system for long-distance linear accelerators.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Communication: Nuclear quadrupole moment-induced Cotton-Mouton effect in noble gas atoms

New, high-sensitivity and high-resolution spectroscopic and imaging methods may be developed by exploiting nuclear magneto-optic effects. A first-principles electronic structure formulation of nuclear electric quadrupole moment-induced Cotton-Mouton effect (NQCME) is presented for closed-shell atoms. In NQCME, aligned quadrupole moments alter the index of refraction of the medium along with and perpendicular to the direction of nuclear alignment. The roles of basis-set convergence, electron correlation, and relativistic effects are investigated for three quadrupolar noble gas isotopes: {sup 21}Ne, {sup 83}Kr, and {sup 131}Xe. The magnitude of the resulting ellipticities is predicted to be 10{sup −4}–10{sup −6} rad/(M cm) for fully spin-polarized nuclei. These should be detectable in the Voigt setup. Particularly interesting is the case of {sup 131}Xe, in which a high degree of spin polarization can be achieved via spin-exchange optical hyperpolarization.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Investigation of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the electric field in the Ne-H{sub 2} plasma of a beam-type high-voltage pulsed discharge

In the present work, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the electric field E(x, t) of plasma produced by a beam-type high-voltage pulsed discharge is investigated. The electric field strength E(x, t) in an accelerating gap and in a plasma flare was determined from the measured Stark splitting of the H{sub β} hydrogen line. The obtained dependence E(x, t) was used to calculate the electron distribution function and the spectral line intensities in the accelerating gap and in the plasma flare by the method of statistical modeling. The calculated population of He atomic states excited by electron impact and their comparison with the measured spectral line intensities I(λ, x, t) demonstrate that a reverse electric field retarding the electron motion and leading to electron beam degradation must be present in the plasma flare near the grid. Measurement of the field strength from the Stark splitting of the H{sub β} line demonstrates that it can reach considerable values.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Invited Article: Expanded and improved traceability of vibration measurements by laser interferometry

Traceability to the International System of Units has been established for vibration and shock measurements as specified in international document standards, recommendations, and regulations to ensure product quality, health, and safety. New and upgraded laser methods and techniques developed by national metrology institutes and by leading manufacturers in the past two decades have been swiftly specified as standard methods in the ISO 16063 series of international document standards. In ISO 16063-11:1999, three interferometric methods are specified for the primary calibration of vibration transducers (reference standard accelerometers) in a frequency range from 1 Hz to 10 kHz. In order to specify the same (modified) methods for the calibration of laser vibrometers (ISO 16063-41:2011), their applicability in an expanded frequency range was investigated. Steady-state sinusoidal vibrations were generated by piezoelectric actuators at specific frequencies up to 347 kHz (acceleration amplitudes up to 376 km/s{sup 2}). The displacement amplitude, adjusted by the special interferometric method of coincidence to 158.2 nm (quarter the wavelength of the He-Ne laser light), was measured by the standardized interferometric methods of fringe counting and sine-approximation. The deviations between the measurement results of the three interferometric methods applied simultaneously were smaller than 1 %. The limits of measurement uncertainty specified in ISO 16063-11 between 1 Hz to 10 kHz were kept up to frequencies, which are orders of magnitude greater; the uncertainty limit 0.5 % specified at the reference frequency 160 Hz was not exceeded at 160 kHz. The reported results were considered during the development of ISO 16063-41 by specifying the instrumentation and procedures for performing calibrations of rectilinear laser vibrometers in the frequency range typically between 0.4 Hz and 50 kHz—the interferometric methods may be applied within expanded frequency ranges using refined techniques and procedures. It is concluded that calibration frequencies up to 0.5 MHz are attainable in compliance with the first international document standard for the calibration of laser vibrometers.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2013

Photon induced Schottky barrier effects in inverse-extraordinary optoconductance structures

We expand upon our previous work and characterize the photo-dependence of the effective Schottky barrier in EOC and I-EOC heterostructures by measuring the open circuit voltage and the change in the reverse bias resistance. Under full illumination by a 5 mW, 632.8 nm HeNe laser, the barrier is effectively eliminated and the Ti-GaAs interface becomes Ohmic. The reverse bias resistance changes by a factor of 209 over an illumination intensity change of 10–5:1. While this work illustrates the behavior of the Schottky interface upon illumination, it also demonstrates the effectiveness of the four-point, van der Pauw measurement fundamental to EOC/I-EOC phenomena at monitoring changes in the active region of the mesa. The resistance is largely unaffected by the photovoltaic, DC offset of the surrounding leads, as indicated by the radial symmetry of 2-D resistance maps obtained by rastering the laser across EOC/IEOC devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

{sup 18}Ne production for the Beta beams project

Intense relativistic (anti)neutrino beams are an unique tool required to study fundamental properties of neutrinos such as neutrino oscillation parameters, as well as their Majorana or Dirac nature, the lepton number conservation hypothesis and the absolute neutrino mass scale. Such beams originate from acceleration of β-decaying radioactive ions (“Beta beams”). A molten fluoride salt target has been developed for the production of the required rates of low-Q baseline isotope {sup 18}Ne for the Beta beams project. The prototyped unit has been tested on-line at ISOLDE-CERN. In this contribution an overview of the prototyping and on-line tests is presented.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2014

Structural and magnetic properties of irradiated SiC

We present a comprehensive structural characterization of ferromagnetic SiC single crystals induced by Ne ion irradiation. The ferromagnetism has been confirmed by electron spin resonance, and possible transition metal impurities can be excluded to be the origin of the observed ferromagnetism. Using X-ray diffraction and Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectroscopy, we estimate the damage to the crystallinity of SiC, which mutually influences the ferromagnetism in SiC.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗