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Towards Automated Analytics of Research Publications

For readers of scientific publications it remains a big challenge to unambiguously relate the published research with the data used. To a substantial degree it is attributed to authors, journals, editors, and reviewers not prioritizing correct data citation, which impacts traceability, repeatability, and giving credits to published authors and their funding sources. Furthermore, uniform classification of the content of the published research is hampered by journals using journal specific topics and letting authors to assign free text keywords to their papers. We demonstrate automated analytics methods for extracting and relating datasets used and the research application areas by processing 1,300 research papers that referenced the NASA Giovanni service (but probably not the datasets in particular) as supporting their publication process. This presentation was given during the 2022 ESIP January meeting held virtually in January 2022.

Irina Gerasimov↗

DOE OSTI2022

Application of Advanced Metering Infrastructure Data to Advanced Utility System Operations: Cooperative Research and Development, CRADA Number CRD-17-00712 (Final Report)

The primary objective of the proposed project is to evaluate the capabilities of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) based controls for grid operations. This includes monitoring and control at the secondary transformer level using existing AMI infrastructure. In addition, some of the challenges of using a model-less control will also be identified. The lessons learned will be disseminated to other utilities around the country through peer-reviewed publications with the consent of SDG&E. The scope of the work includes using data from SDG&E's existing AMI infrastructure and working with third party vendors selected by SDG&E. The grid edge monitoring systems and controls provided by the selected vendors will perform grid operations using AMI data. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) will perform a software and controller-based evaluation of the grid edge controller, intelligent devices and sensors, at the Energy System Integration Facility (ESIF) laboratory.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2022

The Early Career Research Program Annual Progress Report: Using ARM Data and Multiscale Models to Advance the Understanding of Liquid-Phase Cloud Response to Aerosol Perturbation over Ocean and Land

This report is for the first fiscal year of this ECRP project. This ECRP project aims to study the response of liquid-phase clouds to aerosol perturbation and reduce the related uncertainty in the DOE Earth system model. During this fiscal year, this project mainly made progress on the tasks about observational analyses for Objective 1; and successfully set up two Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) models for Objective 2. A postdoctoral researcher and a graduate student summer intern are on board and fully dedicated to this project. In addition to internal collaboration within LLNL, this project has routinely maintained external collaboration with scientists from universities, NASA Langley Research Center, and other DOE national laboratories. For the next reporting period, we plan to complete the tasks scheduled for the second year. Furthermore, we will promote the findings to communities of interest and proactively seek new collaborations to increase the impact of this project.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2022

MZA: A Data Conversion Tool to Facilitate Software Development and Artificial Intelligence Research in Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry

Modern mass spectrometry-based workflows employing hybrid instrumentation and orthogonal separations collect multidimensional data, potentially allowing deeper understanding in omics studies through adoption of artificial intelligence methods. However, the large volume of these rich data challenges existing data storage and access technologies, therefore precluding informatics advancements. Here we present MZA™ (pronounced m-za), the mass-to-charge (m/z) generic data storage and access tool designed to facilitate software development and artificial intelligence research in multidimensional mass spectrometry measurements. Composed by a data conversion tool and a simple file structure based on the HDF5 format, MZA provides easy, cross-platform and efficient programmatic access to raw MS-data, enabling fast development of new tools in data science programming languages such as Python and R. The software executable and example Python and R scripts are freely available at https://github.com/PNNL-m-q/mza.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS1998

NASA's Current Earth Science Program

NASA's Earth science program is a scientific endeavor whose goal is to provide long-term understanding of the Earth as an integrated system of land, water, air and life. A highly developed scientific knowledge of the Earth system is necessary to understand how the environment affects humanity, and how humanity may be affecting the environment. The remote sensing technologies used to gather the global environmental data used in such research also have numerous practical applications. Current applications of remote sensing data demonstrate their practical benefits in areas such as the monitoring of crop conditions and yields, natural disasters and forest fires; hazardous waste clean up; and tracking of vector-borne diseases. The long-term availability of environmental data is essential for the continuity of important research and applications efforts. NASA's Earth observation program has undergone many changes in the recent past.

Charles, Leslie Bermann↗

DOE OSTI2020

The IsoGenie database: an interdisciplinary data management solution for ecosystems biology and environmental research

Modern microbial and ecosystem sciences require diverse interdisciplinary teams that are often challenged in “speaking” to one another due to different languages and data product types. Here we introduce the IsoGenie Database, a de novo developed data management and exploration platform, as a solution to this challenge of accurately representing and integrating heterogenous environmental and microbial data across ecosystem scales. The IsoGenieDB is a public and private data infrastructure designed to store and query data generated by the IsoGenie Project, a ~10 year DOE-funded project focused on discovering ecosystem climate feedbacks in a thawing permafrost landscape. The IsoGenieDB provides (i) a platform for IsoGenie Project members to explore the project’s interdisciplinary datasets across scales through the inherent relationships among data entities, (ii) a framework to consolidate and harmonize the datasets needed by the team’s modelers, and (iii) a public venue that leverages the same spatially explicit, disciplinarily integrated data structure to share published datasets. The IsoGenieDB is also being expanded to cover the NASA-funded Archaea to Atmosphere (A2A) project, which scales the findings of IsoGenie to a broader suite of Arctic peatlands, via the umbrella A2A Database (A2A-DB). The IsoGenieDB’s expandability and flexible architecture allow it to serve as an example ecosystems database.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

PS3: The Pheno-Synthesis software suite for integration and analysis of multi-scale, multi-platform phenological data

Phenology is the study of recurring plant and animal life-cycle stages which can be observed across spatial and temporal scales that span orders of magnitude (e.g., organisms to landscapes). The variety of scales at which phenological processes operate is reflected in the range of methods for collecting phenologically relevant data, and the programs focused on these collections. Consideration of the scale at which phenological observations are made, and the platform used for observation, is critical for the interpretation of phenological data and the application of these data to both research questions and land management objectives. However, there is currently little capacity to facilitate access, integration and analysis of cross-scale, multi-platform phenological data. This paper reports on a new suite of software and analysis tools – the “Pheno-Synthesis Software Suite,” or PS3 – to facilitate integration and analysis of phenological and ancillary data, enabling investigation and interpretation of phenological processes at scales ranging from organisms to landscapes and from days to decades. We use PS3 to investigate phenological processes in a semi-aride, mixed shrub-grass ecosystem, and find that the apparent importance of seasonal precipitation to vegetation activity (i.e., “greenness”) is affected by the scale and platform of observation. We end by describing potential applications of PS3 to phenological modeling and forecasting, understanding patterns and drivers of phenological activity in real-world ecosystems, and supporting agricultural and natural resource management and decision-making.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

Data Validation Experiments with a Computer-Generated Imagery Dataset for International Nuclear Safeguards

Computer vision models have great potential as tools for international nuclear safeguards verification activities, but off-the-shelf models require fine-tuning through transfer learning to detect relevant objects. Because open-source examples of safeguards-relevant objects are rare, and to evaluate the potential of synthetic training data for computer vision, we present the Limbo dataset. Limbo includes both real and computer-generated images of uranium hexafluoride containers for training computer vision models. Here, we generated these images iteratively based on results from data validation experiments that are detailed here. The findings from these experiments are applicable both for the safeguards community and the broader community of computer vision research using synthetic data.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗

NASA NTRS1988

Proceedings of the First NASA Ada Users' Symposium

Ada has the potential to be a part of the most significant change in software engineering technology within NASA in the last twenty years. Thus, it is particularly important that all NASA centers be aware of Ada experience and plans at other centers. Ada activity across NASA are covered, with presenters representing five of the nine major NASA centers and the Space Station Freedom Program Office. Projects discussed included - Space Station Freedom Program Office: the implications of Ada on training, reuse, management and the software support environment; Johnson Space Center (JSC): early experience with the use of Ada, software engineering and Ada training and the evaluation of Ada compilers; Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC): university research with Ada and the application of Ada to Space Station Freedom, the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle, the Aero-Assist Flight Experiment and the Secure Shuttle Data System; Lewis Research Center (LeRC): the evolution of Ada software to support the Space Station Power Management and Distribution System; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL): the creation of a centralized Ada development laboratory and current applications of Ada including the Real-time Weather Processor for the FAA; and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): experiences with Ada in the Flight Dynamics Division and the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) project and the implications of GSFC experience for Ada use in NASA. Despite the diversity of the presentations, several common themes emerged from the program: Methodology - NASA experience in general indicates that the effective use of Ada requires modern software engineering methodologies; Training - It is the software engineering principles and methods that surround Ada, rather than Ada itself, which requires the major training effort; Reuse - Due to training and transition costs, the use of Ada may initially actually decrease productivity, as was clearly found at GSFC; and real-time work at LeRC, JPL and GSFC shows that it is possible to use Ada for real-time applications.

Source record↗

NASA NTRS2010

Cognitive Modeling of Video Game Player User Experience

This paper argues for the use of cognitive modeling to gain a detailed and dynamic look into user experience during game play. Applying cognitive models to game play data can help researchers understand a player's attentional focus, memory status, learning state, and decision strategies (among other things) as these cognitive processes occurred throughout game play. This is a stark contrast to the common approach of trying to assess the long-term impact of games on cognitive functioning after game play has ended. We describe what cognitive models are, what they can be used for and how game researchers could benefit by adopting these methods. We also provide details of a single model - based on decision field theory - that has been successfUlly applied to data sets from memory, perception, and decision making experiments, and has recently found application in real world scenarios. We examine possibilities for applying this model to game-play data.

Bohil, Corey J.↗

DOE OSTI2023

Techno-Economic Case Study: Low-Temperature Conversion Performance Based on Isolated Anatomical Fractions of Corn Stover

This report summarizes analysis conducted to support a case study under the Feedstock Conversion Interface Consortium (FCIC) focused on techno-economic analysis (TEA) modeling to quantify the process yield and resulting process cost impacts for processing isolated anatomical fractions of corn stover through a low-temperature conversion (biochemical) pathway. It is hypothesized that different individual anatomical fractions of corn stover vary in both composition and recalcitrance, giving biorefineries options in whether and how to deal with fractionated or whole biomass feedstock. By quantifying the techno-economic impacts of this variability, we provide actionable information for end users to understand tradeoffs in conversion system yields and economics in considering feedstock processing decisions at the biorefinery gate. For this study, we worked with FCIC researchers to obtain data on the compositional analysis and conversion performance of whole corn stover alongside three individual anatomical fractions (cobs, husks, and stalks) across key steps of the biorefinery conversion process within FCIC’s research scope—pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This TEA screening assessment highlighted biorefinery economic trade-offs observed through this approach. Namely, relative to processing whole stover biomass, two of the three anatomical fractions for which composition/conversion data were available (cobs and husks) demonstrated the ability to achieve higher fuel yields and lower minimum fuel selling prices (MFSPs), while the third fraction (stalks) led to the opposite result, as a composite reflection of compositional differences and process convertibility.

cost impacts↗

NASA NTRS1989

Data compression for the microgravity experiments

Researchers present the environment and conditions under which data compression is to be performed for the microgravity experiment. Also presented are some coding techniques that would be useful for coding in this environment. It should be emphasized that researchers are currently at the beginning of this program and the toolkit mentioned is far from complete.

Sayood, Khalid↗

DOE OSTI2025

PSTN-019: The LSST Science Pipelines Software: Optical Survey Pipeline Reduction and Analysis Environment

The NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory is executing the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) as its prime mission, producing a series of data releases over the ten-year survey. The LSST Science Pipelines Software will be used to create these data releases and to perform the nightly prompt processing and alert production. This paper provides an overview of the LSST Science Pipelines Software, describing the components and their integration into pipelines that generate science-ready data products.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

NASA NTRS1975

Hypersonic research engine project. Phase 2: Aerothermodynamic integration model development, data item no. 55-4-21

The design and development of the Aerothermodynamic Integration Model (AIM) of the Hypersonic Research Engine (HRE) is described. The feasibility of integrating the various analytical and experimental data available for the design of the hypersonic ramjet engine was verified and the operational characteristic and the overall performance of the selected design was determined. The HRE-AIM was designed for operation at speeds of Mach 3 through Mach 8.

Jilly, L. F.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Application of MAGSAT to Lithospheric Modeling in South America. Part 2: Synthesis of Geologic and Seismic Data for Development of Integrated Crustal Models

Research activities performed on MAGSAT scalar data over South America, Central America, and the adjacent marine areas are summarized. The geologic utility of magnetic anomalies detected by satellite is demonstrated by focusing on the spherical-Earth interpretation of scalar MAGSAT data in combination with ancillary geological and geophysical data to obtain lithospheric models for these regions related to their contemporary crustal dynamics processes, geologic history, current volcanism seismicity and natural resources.

Keller, G. R.↗

NASA NTRS1988

Research on enhancing the utilization of digital multispectral data and geographic information systems in global habitability studies

During 1986 to 1987, the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program continued to build upon long-term research efforts oriented towards enhancement and development of technologies for using remote sensing in the inventory and evaluation of land use and renewable resources (both natural and agricultural). These research efforts directly addressed needs and objectives of NASA's Land-Related Global Habitability Program as well as needs of and interests of public agencies and private firms. The KARS Program placed particular emphasis on two major areas: development of intelligent algorithms to improve automated classification of digital multispectral data; and integrating and merging digital multispectral data with ancillary data in spatial modes.

Martinko, Edward A.↗

DOE OSTI2021

Integrating Cambium Marginal Costs into Electric Sector Decisions: Opportunities to Integrate Cambium Marginal Cost Data into Berkeley Lab Analysis and Technical Assistance

NREL’s Cambium tool generates forward-looking simulations of marginal wholesale electricity costs associated with NREL’s Standard Scenarios. The scenarios include growing shares of variable renewable energy (VRE, i.e. wind and solar), among other power sector assumptions, between 2018 and 2050. The tool’s primary output—hourly costs at more than 130 balancing areas—could serve as public and transparent data source that supports electric-sector decision-making processes across the U.S. Berkeley Lab conducts a large range of analyses that use historical and forward-looking wholesale electricity prices to inform electric-sector decisions. In this report, Berkeley Lab uses its expertise to evaluate the Cambium cost data. We compare Cambium data with historical wholesale prices for the year 2018 and other modeled prices for the year 2030. We then present eight case studies in which Berkeley Lab researchers use Cambium data to replicate previous analyses based on other price datasets. We describe where primary findings and underlying key price dynamics align or differ, and highlight possible novel insights from the Cambium data. Finally, we qualitatively evaluate the suitability of Cambium costs in ten additional Berkeley Lab studies, though a direct comparison with alternative price data was not feasible at this time. The goal is to inform how electric-sector decision-makers and DOE program offices may be able to use this cohesive dataset, and to highlight what improvements to Cambium may make it even more useful.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗

NASA NTRS1971

Modification of codes NUALGAM and BREMRAD, Volume 1

The NUGAM2 code predicts forward and backward angular energy differential and integrated distributions for gamma photons and fluorescent radiation emerging from finite laminar transport media. It determines buildup and albedo data for scientific research and engineering purposes; it also predicts the emission characteristics of finite radioisotope sources. The results are shown to be in very good agreement with available published data. The code predicts data for many situations in which no published data is available in the energy range up to 5 MeV. The NUGAM3 code predicts the pulse height response of inorganic (NaI and CsI) scintillation detectors to gamma photons. Because it allows the scintillator to be clad and mounted on a photomultiplier as in the experimental or industrial application, it is a more practical and thus useful code than others previously reported. Results are in excellent agreement with published Monte Carlo and experimental data in the energy range up to 4.5 MeV.

Steyn, J. J.↗