Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “platform materials”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,441 records · Page 80
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Investigating Local Carrier Dynamics in PERC Patterned CdTe Solar Cells

Remarkable progress has been achieved in CdTe photovoltaics (PVs) to further improve cell performance while reducing manufacturing costs. Researchers optimized the front contact that leads the short-circuit current density (J sc ) over 31mA/cm 2 (e.g., (Zn, Mg)O buffer layer and/or alloying CdTe with Se). Reese et al. reported an open-circuit voltage (V oc ) over 1 V with group-V doped single crystal, showing the feasibility of increasing V oc in CdTe PV that is fixed to less than 900 mV in most cases. Recent studies suggested that the V oc improvement in polycrystalline CdTe PVs requires well-passivated back contact. One possible strategy is to use CdMgTe alloy (E g > 1.8 eV), where the band-gap offset (ΔE CB ≈ 0.2 eV) reflects minority carrier electrons, thereby decreasing surface recombination. Another strategy is to utilize a stable Al 2 O 3 layer as an electron reflector; experimental works confirmed the improved performance with a conformal Al 2 O 3 layer. In this configuration, the precise control of Al 2 O 3 (≈1 nm) over the entire CdTe layer is essential because the J sc greatly depends on the tunneling current. While promising, both CdMgTe and Al 2 O 3 passivation on CdTe introduce unfavorable valence band offset that blocks the hole transport. Kephart et al. proposed a patterned passixc vation layer (≈ 20 nm Al 2 O 3 ) with point contacts (≈ 3 μm in diameter) that extract hole carriers. This configuration is similar to the passive emitter and rear contact (PERC) design that has been extensively studied in Si PVs. While remarkably high carrier lifetime and photoluminescence (> 10 X) were measured, consistent improvement in V oc and efficiency in this CdTe PERC were not yet observed. At this time, it is unclear how the surface potential is distributed in the presence of patterned Al 2 O 3 reflectors and how this additional field impacts the PV performance for Cu-doped and group-V doped CdTe PERC devices. To tackle this challenge, we develop robust nanofabrication and characterization platform to study CdTe PERC devices consisting of a patterned Al 2 O 3 layer on CdSe( 1-x )Te x (Cu-doped, GrV-doped; x = 0 to 1; CST). First Solar supplies high-quality CST materials. The dark and light I-Vs under 1-sun illumination are extracted for a series of each set of devices. We perform quantitative and qualitative PV analysis for a series of Cu-doped and Gr-V doped PERC devices, showing notably different V oc changes for GrV-doped compared to Cu-doped PERC devices. This project attempts to produce individual contacts on single grains and grain boundaries to measure lateral transport. As a model system, we use a CdSe( 1-x )Te x film on glass prepared by a colossal grain growth (CGG) technique at National Renewable Research Laboratories (NREL). Our preliminary results confirm that intergranular transport is hindered by the electrical barrier formed near grain boundaries. The PERC fabrication and the lateral transport measurement platform developed in this project can easily be applied to other types of advanced CdSe( 1-x )Te x architectures to better understand local photocarrier transport, in turn, providing the fundamental knowledge to improve the performance of CdTe PVs.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Multiphysics Multiscale Simulation Platform for Damage, Environmental Degradation, and Life Prediction of CMCs in Extreme Environments

This project successfully developed a multiphysics, multiscale computational framework to enhance the design and development of CMCs, with a focus on modeling highly nonlinear, time-dependent damage mechanisms and material degradation under extreme conditions, such as those experienced in turbine service environments. The project made significant advances in improving our understanding of progressive damage, oxidative degradation, and time-dependent inelastic deformation in CMCs, with particular attention to the role of uncertainties in predictions. Key outcomes include the integration of advanced material characterization, uncertainty quantification, and multiphysics constitutive models to predict the behavior of CMCs over their service life. A novel multiscale methodology was employed, which integrated microscale constituent behaviors with structural-scale responses, enabling the manufacturing defects in the microstructure that are prone to damage nucleation. Through the development of DL algorithms, the project advanced the prediction of damage initiation and crack propagation, taking into account the defect morphology and statistical variations across multiple scales. The framework was rigorously validated using thermomechanical experiments, which tested CMCs under various mechanical loadings at elevated temperatures, further enhancing the model's predictive capability. Overall, the research outcomes have provided a more accurate, reliable method for predicting CMC component life, significantly advancing material design, and improving component reliability in extreme environments. This work has strong implications for the optimization of turbine components and other high-performance applications where CMCs are used.

03 NATURAL GAS↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Composite Technologies for Science Missions

ASTROLAB, Lunar Geophysical Network, Mars Icebreaker and Mars PLACER Net missions propose use of various types of vehicles – such as rovers, landers and flying probes - to accomplish their scientific objectives. Although designs for such vehicles are myriad, many structural components can be made using composite manufacturing technologies. Composite materials are also myriad, by nature, but carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in particular are sought after for their high specific strength and specific stiffness. CFRP components could be especially beneficial in vehicle designs for Moon or Mars missions due to their nearly negligible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). CTE is a critical design characteristics in environments where significant thermal swings are prevalent, such as those of atmosphere-less Moon and Mars.MSFC/EM42 houses several relevant composites technologies. Strong and rigid struts can be filament-wound. Shells and platforms can be laid-up using automated fiber placement (for repeatability) or by hand (for small features). Monolithic structures can even be designed to reduce part count and therefore reduce the risk of joint failures. Composites are also tailorable, allowing the incorporation of different material types or formats through the thickness of a part. This includes materials which shield from radiation or electrostatic discharge. Finally, the rigidity of composite parts minimizes overall vibration and compliance within a design.Additionally, missions such as Triton Ocean World Surveyor anticipate use of traditional, metallic fuel tanks. Composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) are suitable for use in this application as well. The Triton mission even cites a concern for heat retention, for which CFRP also offers improved characteristics over traditional metallic tanks.

Lightweight↗
NASA NTRS1996

X-Ray Imaging Study

The space environment in which the Space Station Freedom and other space platforms will orbit is truly a hostile environment. For example, the currently estimated integral fluence for electrons above 1 Mev at 2000 nautical miles is above 2 x 1O(exp 10) electrons/sq cm/day and the proton integral fluence is above 1 x 10(exp 9) protons/sq cm/day. At the 200 - 400 nautical miles, which is more representative of the altitude which will provide the environment for the Space Station, each of these fluences will be proportionally less; however, the data indicates that the radiation environment will obviously have an effect on structural materials exposed to the environment for long durations. The effects of this combined environment is the issue which needs to be understood for the long term exposure of structures in space. At the same time, there will be substantial potential for collisions between the space platforms and space debris. The current NASA catalogue contains over 4500 objects floating in space which are not considered payloads. This debris can have significant effects on collision with orbiting spacecraft. In order to better understand the effect of these hostile phenomena on spacecraft, several types of studies are being performed to simulate at some level the effect of the environment. In particular the study of debris clouds produced by hypervelocity impact on the various surfaces anticipated on the Space Station is very important at this point in time. The need to assess the threat of such debris clouds on space structures is an on-going activity. The Space Debris Impact facility in Building 4612 provides a test facility to monitor the types of damage produced with hypervelocity impact. These facilities are used to simulate space environmental effects from energetic particles. Flash radiography or x-ray imaging has traditionally provided such information and as such has been an important tool for recording damage in situ with the event. The proper operation of the system can provide much useful information with respect to parametric analysis of the hypervelocity experiment. The following report outlines the procedures developed to optimize the operation of the x-ray imaging system and its operational characteristics.

OBrien, Susan K.↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Magneto-Transport Properties of Cr 1/3 TaS 2 with Chiral Magnetic Solitons

Cr 1/3 TaS 2 —a candidate of chiral magnet—has been reported as a trivial ferromagnetic material. In contrast, the Cr 1/3 TaS 2 single crystals exhibit a chiral helimagnetic (CHM) transition near 140 K. The magnetic moment versus magnetic field curves reveal a CHM—chiral soliton lattice (CSL)—forced ferromagnetic (FFM) transition in the magnetic ordered state. The conducting electrons interact with the CHM and CSL orders, giving rise to the nontrivial magnetoresistance (MR) in the Cr 1/3 TaS 2 single crystals. The normalized magnetic moment and normalized MR fit well with the analytical functions for chiral soliton density. The magnetic phase diagrams constructed from the magnetic moment data and MR data suggest a possible tri-critical point. Compared with the isostructural Cr 1/3 NbS 2 , the CHM transition temperature of Cr 1/3 TaS 2 is 13 K higher, the CSL—FFM transition field is about 10 times larger, and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction strength is 3 times bigger. The latter two likely originate from the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of Cr 1/3 TaS 2 . This work clarifies that high-quality Cr 1/3 TaS 2 single crystals are chiral magnets and Cr 1/3 (Nb,Ta)S 2 could serve as an intriguing platform for the flexible engineering of chiral magnetic solitons with tunable SOC.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Nanoparticle localization within chiral liquid crystal defect lines and nanoparticle interactions

Self-assembly of colloidal particles into predefined structures is a promising way to design inexpensive manmade materials with advanced macroscopic properties. Doping of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with nanoparticles has a series of advantages in addressing these grand scientific and engineering challenges. It also provides a very rich soft matter platform for the discovery of unique condensed matter phases. The LC host naturally allows the realization of diverse anisotropic interparticle interactions, enriched by the spontaneous alignment of anisotropic particles due to the boundary conditions of the LC director. Here we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the ability of LC media to host topological defect lines can be used as a tool to probe the behavior of individual nanoparticles as well as effective interactions between them. LC defect lines irreversibly trap nanoparticles enabling controlled particle movement along the defect line with the use of a laser tweezer. Minimization of Landau–de Gennes free energy reveals a sensitivity of the ensuing effective nanoparticle interaction to the shape of the particle, surface anchoring strength, and temperature, which determine not only the strength of the interaction but also its repulsive or attractive character. Theoretical results are supported qualitatively by experimental observations. Furthermore, this work may pave the way toward designing controlled linear assemblies as well as one-dimensional crystals of nanoparticles such as gold nanorods or quantum dots with tunable interparticle spacing.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Turn-On Conductivity with Proton-Coupled Electron Transport in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) has been studied for decades in the context of molecular reactivity, but its impact on long-range electron transport is barely understood. When defined broadly as ion-coupled charge transport (ICCT), relevant systems include lithium-ion battery electrodes, electrochromic coatings, and myriad electrocatalysts. Despite ample evidence that ion-electron coupling enhances or diminishes the performance of these devices, little is known about the experimental signatures of ICCT and the microscopic factors that govern its mechanism. Here, we expect that ion-electron coupling becomes especially relevant in high surface area materials, such as the layered electrodes of intercalation batteries, due to the close proximity of itinerant electrons and electrolyte. Here, we report an electrochemical investigation into a family of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that serves as a well-defined platform for understanding the effect of ICCT on both elec- tronic and ionic conductivity. Through photochemical doping of e - –H + pairs and introduction of solvent guest molecules, the Ti-containing MOFs convert from electronic-only insulators conductors (σ e ≈ 10 -12 S cm -1 ) to mixed ion-electron semiconduc- tors (σ e ≈ 10 -7 S cm -1 , σ ion ≈ 10 -5 S cm -1 ). Direct current and alternating current techniques support the existence of proton- electron coupling and, critically, that improved ionic conductivity enhances electronic conductivity. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that PCET enables long-range charge transport and generalized electrochemical tools and synthetic methods for studying ion-electron coupling in materials broadly.

Charge transport↗
DOE OSTI2025

Abstracts of the 2025 51st Annual NATAS Conference

The North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) is pleased to announce its 51st Annual Conference, held jointly with the IX International Baekeland Symposium. This premier event unites scientists, practitioners, and students from academia, industry, and government to explore the forefront of materials science. The NATAS conference provides a dynamic forum for attendees to delve into the latest advancements in thermal analysis, rheology, and materials characterization. The technical program will highlight new developments in instrumentation and software, alongside practical applications across a wide range of industries. Concurrently, the Baekeland Symposium will showcase cutting-edge scientific, technical, and industrial innovations in the field of high-performance thermosetting polymers. The synergy of this joint meeting creates a unique platform for cross-disciplinary collaboration, fostering the exchange of novel ideas and sparking new research opportunities. Featuring technical presentations, poster sessions, and plenary lectures from renowned experts and emerging graduate students, the conference offers an ideal environment for networking and professional development. We invite you to join us to discover state-of-the-art techniques, discuss groundbreaking research, and connect with peers and leaders in the thermal and materials community.

batteries↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design of a robot-automated flat plate/reflection geometry x-ray diffraction setup for accelerated materials discovery and structural screening

Here, we report the design, construction, and automation of a flat plate sample loading, alignment, and data acquisition system for X-ray diffraction measurements in reflection geometry implemented at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. The system is built onto a single platform, enabling facile transferability, and is compartmentalized into sample storage, sample transfer, and sample position/alignment segments. The core feature of this system is a six-axis robotic arm that offers a large range of highly reproducible and programable movements. The degrees of freedom of the robot arm enable adaptability in which movements can be modified to fit various beamline environments and sample configurations. Samples are housed on 3D printed sample mounts, which are arranged onto a 6 × 2 array of sample cassettes capable of holding 7 samples. Using sample mounts designed for solid oxide electrolysis button cells (SOECs), the maximum tray capacity is 84 samples, which can be aligned and run in ~ 24 hours with long exposure scans. The sample array is additionally capable of accommodating a range of sample sizes and geometries due to the rapid 3D printed fabrication. The components of the setup will be described in detail and performance will be demonstrated with a set of representative SOEC and XRD standard samples. Opportunities for future developments and integration with the automated setup are summarized.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Chemical Design of Spin Frustration to Realize Topological Spin Glasses

Patterning spins to generate collective behavior is at the core of condensed matter physics. Physicists develop techniques, including the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures and precision layering of materials specifically to engender frustrated lattices. As chemists, we can access such exotic materials through targeted chemical synthesis and create new lattice types by chemical design. Here, in this study, we introduce a new approach to induce magnetic frustration on a modified honeycomb lattice through a competition of alternating antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) nearest-neighbor interactions. By subtly modulating these two types of interactions through facile synthetic modifications, we created two systems: (1) a topological spin glass and (2) a frustrated spin-canted magnet with low-temperature exchange bias. To design this unconventional magnetic lattice, we used a metal–organic framework (MOF) platform, Ni 3 (pymca) 3 X 3 (NipymcaX where pymca = pyrimidine-2-carboxylato and X = Cl, Br). We isolated two MOFs, NipymcaCl and NipymcaBr, featuring canted Ni 2+ -based moments. Despite this similarity, differences in the single-ion anisotropies of the Ni 2+ spins result in distinct magnetic properties for each material. NipymcaCl is a topological spin glass, while NipymcaBr is a rare frustrated magnet with low-temperature exchange bias. Density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations on the NipymcaX lattice support the presence of magnetic frustration as a result of alternating AFM and FM interactions. Our calculations enabled us to determine the ground-state spin configuration and the distribution of spin–spin correlations relative to paradigmatic kagomé and triangular lattices. This modified honeycomb lattice is similar to the electronic Kekulé-O phase in graphene and provides a highly tunable platform to realize unconventional spin physics.

Exchange bias↗
DOE OSTI2024

Gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ) energy dependent scintillation response to fast neutrons and flash gamma-rays

Gallium oxide is a newly emerged ultrawide bandgap (4.9 eV) semiconductor that is suitable as a combined electronics and radiation detection platform. We have experimentally demonstrated fast neutron and gamma-ray scintillation from Czochralski-grown β-Ga 2 O 3 in a recent series (October 2023) of experiments at the unmoderated pulsed neutron spallation source located at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Using the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique and a fast-gated intensified CCD camera, we observed energy-dependent neutron scintillation for neutron energies ranging from 1 to 400 MeV, including the 14.1 MeV neutron energy relevant to D–T fusion. Neutron flux is quantified and calibrated by cascading the scintillator after the fission chamber, enabling a detailed analysis of temporal and energy-dependent characteristics of the scintillation events. Further, a pronounced scintillation signal from the spallation gamma flash with a temporal full width of half maximum of ~4 ns is indicative of the material’s rapid response. Neutron energy dependent scintillation is observed using the TOF method at a 22.6-m distance from the neutron source. These results highlight the possibility of developing a Ga 2 O 3 based fusion neutron diagnostic platform integrated with both scintillation and electronics functions on the integrated chip scale.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Trace-Level, Multi-Gas Detection for Food Quality Assessment Based on Decorated Silicon Transistor Arrays

Multiplexed gas detection at room temperature is critical for practical applications, such as for tracking the complex chemical environments associated with food decomposition and spoilage. Here, an integrated array of multiple silicon-based, chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (CSFETs) is presented to realize selective, sensitive, and simultaneous measurement of gases typically associated with food spoilage. CSFETs decorated with sensing materials based on ruthenium, silver, and silicon oxide are used to obtain stable room-temperature responses to ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), and humidity, respectively. For example, one multi-CSFET sensor signal changes from its baseline by 13.34 in response to 1 ppm of NH 3 , 724.45 under 1 ppm H 2 S, and 23.46 under 80% relative humidity, with sensitive detection down to 10 ppb of NH 3 and H 2 S. To demonstrate this sensor for practical applications, the CSFET sensor array is combined with a custom-printed circuit board into a compact, fully integrated, and portable system to conduct real-time monitoring of gases generated by decomposing food. By using existing silicon-based manufacturing methodologies, this room-temperature gas sensing array can be fabricated reproducibly and at low cost, making it an attractive platform for ambient gas measurement needed in food safety applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2026

SULI Report - Development of a Molten Salt Circulation Loop for in-situ Spectroscopy

This project supports the development of real time optical monitoring capabilities for molten salt reactor (MSR) environments by designing, testing, and refining a molten salt circulation loop suitable for combined laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and ultraviolet visible (UV Vis) absorption measurements. Online spectroscopic monitoring is increasingly important for nuclear safeguards, corrosion tracking, and material accountancy, yet MSR process fluids present substantial challenges due to their chemical complexity and hazards such as high temperatures and radiation. To address these needs, this work focuses on Phase I, the development of a room temperature aqueous circulation loop that serves as a surrogate platform for evaluating flow behavior, optical access, and component performance prior to high temperature salt operation. Initial testing identified several practical issues—including leaks, obstructions, and two-phase flow through the absorption cell—that were systematically resolved through hardware replacement, flow path redesign, and venturi pressure optimization. Relocating the flow cell upstream of the primary venturi enabled periods of stable single-phase flow, demonstrating the feasibility of integrating optical diagnostics into a circulation system. The results of Phase I provide essential design insight for Phase II, which will incorporate furnace compatible materials and LiCl KCl eutectic salt. Completion of the molten salt system will deliver a reusable testbed for evaluating multimodal spectroscopic techniques, advancing nondestructive, real time monitoring tools for future MSR and nuclear fuel cycle applications.

98 - NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL↗
DOE OSTI2023

Rationally Engineered Vertically Aligned β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 Nanocomposites for Self‐Biased Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrafast Response

Abstract With the astonishing advancement of present technology and increasing energy consumption, there is an ever‐increasing demand for energy‐efficient multifunctional sensors or transducers based on low‐cost, eco‐friendly material systems. In this context, self‐assembled vertically aligned β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 nanocomposite (GWO‐VAN) architecture‐assisted self‐biased solar‐blind UV photodetection on a silicon platform, which is the heart of traditional electronics is presented. Utilizing precisely controlled growth parameters, the formation of W‐enriched vertical β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 nanocolumns embedded into the W‐deficient β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 matrix is reached. Detailed structural and morphological analyses evidently confirm the presence of β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 nanocomposite with a high structural and chemical quality. Furthermore, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy explains photo‐absorption dynamics and the recombination through possible donor–acceptor energy states. The proposed GWO‐VAN framework facilitates evenly dispersed nanoregions with asymmetric donor energy state distribution and thus forms build‐in potential at the vertical β ‐Ga 2− x W x O 3 interfaces. As a result, the overall heterostructure evinces photovoltaic nature under the UV irradiation. A responsivity of ≈30 A/W is observed with an ultrafast response time (≈350 µs) under transient triggering conditions. Corresponding detectivity and external quantum efficiency are 7.9 × 10 12 Jones and 1.4 × 10 4 %, respectively. It is believed that, while this is the first report exploiting GWO‐VAN architecture to manifest self‐biased solar‐blind UV photodetection, the implication of the approach is enormous in designing electronics for extreme environment functionality and has immense potential to demonstrate drastic improvement in low‐cost UV photodetector technology.

Das, Debabrata↗
DOE OSTI2020

Heterotrimetallic Mixed‐Valent Molecular Precursors Containing Periodic Table Neighbors: Assignment of Metal Positions and Oxidation States

Abstract A known trinuclear structure was used to design the heterobimetallic mixed‐valent, mixed‐ligand molecule [Co II (hfac) 3 −Na−Co III (acac) 3 ] ( 1 ). This was used as a template structure to develop heterotrimetallic molecules [Co II (hfac) 3 −Na−Fe III (acac) 3 ] ( 2 ) and [Ni II (hfac) 3 −Na−Co III (acac) 3 ] ( 3 ) via isovalent site‐specific substitution at either of the cobalt positions. Diffraction methods, synchrotron resonant diffraction, and multiple‐wavelength anomalous diffraction were applied beyond simple structural investigation to provide an unambiguous assignment of the positions and oxidation states for the periodic table neighbors in the heterometallic assemblies. Molecules of 2 and 3 are true heterotrimetallic rather than a statistical mixture of two heterobimetallic counterparts. Trinuclear platform 1 exhibits flexibility in accommodating a variety of di‐ and trivalent metals, which can be further utilized in the design of molecular precursors for the NaMM′O 4 functional oxide materials.

Han, Haixiang↗
DOE OSTI2021

Site-Controlled Quantum Emitters in Monolayer MoSe 2

Atomically thin semiconductors provide a highly attractive platform for quantum emitters (QEs): They can be combined with arbitrary substrates, can be spatially aligned with photonic structures, and can be electrically driven. All QEs reported to date in these materials have, however, relied on nominally spin-forbidden transitions, with radiative rates falling substantially below those of other solid-state QE systems. In this work, we employ strain confinement in monolayer MoSe 2 to produce engineered QEs, as confirmed in photon antibunching measurements. We discuss spin-allowed versus spin-forbidden transitions based on magneto- and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. We calculate a radiative rate for spin-allowed quantum emission greater than 1 ns –1 , which exceeds reported radiative rates of WSe 2 QEs by 2 orders of magnitude.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2025

18-membered macrocycle appended on resin for selective rare earth element extraction and separation

The rare earth elements are critically important for a wide range of modern technologies. However, obtaining them selectively and efficiently from natural sources and recycled materials is challenging and often requires harsh or wasteful conditions. Here we show that a macrocyclic chelator appended to a solid resin can overcome this challenge by acting as a robust platform for both the extraction and separation of these elements. This resin preferably captures the large rare earth elements in mixtures of these ions, giving rise to higher extraction efficiencies for them over the smaller ions. We further demonstrate that this resin can be used to separate rare earth elements. As a proof-of-principle validation, this resin was demonstrated to selectively extract rare earth elements in the presence of many different types of competing metal ions in a bioleachate solution obtained from autoslag waste, leading to their enrichment.

Coordination chemistry↗