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At least 1,441 records · Page 80
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

A User’s Guide to the PLTEMP/ANL Code (V.4.3)

PLTEMP/ANL V4.3 is a program that obtains a steady-state flow and temperature solution for a nuclear reactor core, or for a single fuel assembly. It is based on an evolutionary sequence of codes originally used for plate temperatures, hence “PLTEMP”, developed at Argonne National Laboratory over several decades. Fueled and non-fueled regions are modeled. Each fuel assembly consists of one or more plates or tubes separated by coolant channels. The fuel plates may have one to five layers of different materials, each with heat generation. The width of a fuel plate may be divided into multiple longitudinal stripes, each with its own axial power shape. Depending upon the heat transfer method selected, the temperature solution is effectively 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional (Appendix XV). It should be noted that for a 3-dimensional solution the axial power shape is modeled without accounting for axial heat conduction. It begins with a solution across all coolant channels and fuel plates or tubes within a given fuel assembly, at the entrance to the assembly. The temperature solution is repeated for each axial node along the length of the fuel assembly. The geometry may be either slab or radial, corresponding to fuel assemblies made of a series of flat (or slightly curved) plates, or of nested tubes. A variety of thermal-hydraulic correlations are available to determine safety margins such as onset-of-nucleate boiling ratio(ONBR), departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR), and onset of flow instability ratio (OFIR). Coolant properties for either light or heavy water are obtained from FORTRAN functions rather than from tables. The code is intended for thermal-hydraulic analysis of research reactor performance in the sub-cooled boiling regime. Both turbulent and laminar flow regimes can be modeled. Options to calculate both forced flow and natural circulation are available. A general search capability is available (Appendix XII) to greatly reduce the reactor analyst’s time.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The role of precursor decomposition in the formation of samarium doped ceria nanoparticles via solid-state microwave synthesis

The impact on the final morphology of ceria (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles made from different precursors (commercial: cerium acetate/nitrate) and in house: cerium tri(methylsilyl)amide (Ce-TMSA)) via a microwave solid state reaction has been determined. In all instances, powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the cubic fluorite CeO 2 phase (PDF# 04–004-9150, with the space group Fm-3 m) had formed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed spherical nanoparticles were produced from the Ce-TMSA precursor. The commercial acetate and nitrate precursors produced particles with irregular morphology. The roles of the precursor decomposition and binding energy in the synthesis of the nanocrystals with various morphologies, as well as a possible growth mechanism, were evaluated based on experimental and computational data. The formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles was determined to be due to the preferential single-step decomposition of the Ce-TMSA as well as the low activation energy to overcome decomposition. Due to the complicated decomposition of the commercial precursors and high activation energy the resulting particles adopted an irregular morphology. Highly uniform samarium doped ceria (Sm x Ce 1-x O 2-δ ) nanospheres were also synthesized from Ce-TMSA and samarium tri(methylsilyl)amide (Sm-TMSA). The effects of reaction time and temperature, on the final morphology were observed through SEM. The rapid single-step decomposition of TMSA-based precursors as observed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confirmed through the calculation of potential energy surfaces and binding energies from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicated that nanoparticle formation follows LaMer’s classical nucleation theory.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Response of a high-pressure 4 He scintillation detector to nuclear recoils up to 9 MeV

Helium-4-based scintillation detector technology is emerging as a strong alternative to pulse-shape discrimination-capable organic scintillators for fast neutron detection and spectroscopy, particularly in extreme gamma-ray environments. The 4 He detector is intrinsically insensitive to gamma radiation, as it has a relatively low cross-section for gamma-ray interactions, and the stopping power of electrons in the 4 He medium is low compared to that of 4 He recoil nuclei. Consequently, gamma rays can be discriminated by simple energy deposition thresholding instead of the more complex pulse shape analysis. The energy resolution of 4 He scintillation detectors has not yet been well-characterized over a broad range of energy depositions, which limits the ability to deconvolve the source spectra. In this work, an experiment was performed to characterize the response of an Arktis S670 4 He detector to nuclear recoils up to 9 MeV. The 4 He detector was positioned in the center of a semicircular array of organic scintillation detectors operated in coincidence. Deuterium–deuterium and deuterium–tritium neutron generators provided monoenergetic neutrons, yielding geometrically constrained nuclear recoils ranging from 0.0925 to 8.87 MeV. The detector response provides evidence for scintillation linearity beyond the previously reported energy range. Finally, the measured response was used to develop an energy resolution function applicable to this energy range for use in high-fidelity detector simulations needed by future applications.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey I. Survey Overview and Highlights

MeerKAT’s large number (64) of 13.5 m diameter antennas, spanning 8 km with a densely packed 1 km core, create a powerful instrument for wide-area surveys, with high sensitivity over a wide range of angular scales. The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS) is a programme of long-track MeerKAT L-band (900–1670 MHz) observations of 115 galaxy clusters, observed for ~6–10 h each in full polarisation. The first legacy product data release (DR1), made available with this paper, includes the MeerKAT visibilities, basic image cubes at ~8" resolution, and enhanced spectral and polarisation image cubes at ~8" and 15" resolutions. Typical sensitivities for the full-resolution MGCLS image products range from ~3–5 μJy beam –1 . The basic cubes are full-field and span 2° × 2°. The enhanced products consist of the inner 1.2° × 1.2° field of view, corrected for the primary beam. The survey is fully sensitive to structures up to ~10' scales, and the wide bandwidth allows spectral and Faraday rotation mapping. Relatively narrow frequency channels (209 kHz) are also used to provide H I mapping in windows of 0 < z < 0.09 and 0.19 < z < 0.48. Here, in this paper, we provide an overview of the survey and the DR1 products, including caveats for usage. We present some initial results from the survey, both for their intrinsic scientific value and to highlight the capabilities for further exploration with these data. These include a primary-beam-corrected compact source catalogue of ~626 000 sources for the full survey and an optical and infrared cross-matched catalogue for compact sources in the primary-beam-corrected areas of Abell 209 and Abell S295. We examine dust unbiased star-formation rates as a function of cluster-centric radius in Abell 209, extending out to 3.5 R 200 . We find no dependence of the star-formation rate on distance from the cluster centre, and we observe a small excess of the radio-to-100 μm flux ratio towards the centre of Abell 209 that may reflect a ram pressure enhancement in the denser environment. We detect diffuse cluster radio emission in 62 of the surveyed systems and present a catalogue of the 99 diffuse cluster emission structures, of which 56 are new. These include mini-halos, halos, relics, and other diffuse structures for which no suitable characterisation currently exists. We highlight some of the radio galaxies that challenge current paradigms, such as trident-shaped structures, jets that remain well collimated far beyond their bending radius, and filamentary features linked to radio galaxies that likely illuminate magnetic flux tubes in the intracluster medium. We also present early results from the H I analysis of four clusters, which show a wide variety of H I mass distributions that reflect both sensitivity and intrinsic cluster effects, and the serendipitous discovery of a group in the foreground of Abell 3365.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Performance of plane wavefront Fizeau interferometers in power spectral density measurements with tilted plane optics

Binary pseudo-random array (BPRA) test samples are useful devices for calibrating the instrument transfer function (ITF) of Fizeau interferometers, interferometric microscopes, and other optical and non-optical surface and wavefront metrology instruments. The intrinsic white noise character of the power spectral density (PSD) function of the BPRA pattern simplifies the extraction of the ITF from the measured PSD. The ITF determined in a dedicated calibration experiment can be used to reconstruct the surface height profile from the measured data, effectively enhancing the instrument’s spatial resolution. For a high confidence reconstruction procedure, a reliable analytical model of the IFT is desirable. Usually, the model accounts for the contributions to the ITF related the imperfections of the instrument’s optical and detector systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that in the case of surface height metrology with Fizeau interferometers, the PSD measurements and, therefore, the efficacy of the ITF calibration of the tool, are strongly affected by the instrument data acquisition and processing procedures, as well as by the shape of the optic under test and its alignment with respect to the interferometer.

Yashchuk, V V↗
DOE OSTI2023

Taxonomic and carbon metabolic diversification of Bathyarchaeia during its coevolution history with early Earth surface environment

Bathyarchaeia, as one of the most abundant microorganisms on Earth, play vital roles in the global carbon cycle. However, our understanding of their origin, evolution, and ecological functions remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the largest dataset of Bathyarchaeia metagenome assembled genome to date and reclassify Bathyarchaeia into eight order-level units corresponding to the former subgroup system. Highly diversified and versatile carbon metabolisms were found among different orders, particularly atypical C1 metabolic pathways, indicating that Bathyarchaeia represent overlooked important methylotrophs. Molecular dating results indicate that Bathyarchaeia diverged at ~3.3 billion years, followed by three major diversifications at ~3.0, ~2.5, and ~1.8 to 1.7 billion years, likely driven by continental emergence, growth, and intensive submarine volcanism, respectively. The lignin-degrading Bathyarchaeia clade emerged at ~300 million years perhaps contributed to the sharply decreased carbon sequestration rate during the Late Carboniferous period. The evolutionary history of Bathyarchaeia potentially has been shaped by geological forces, which, in turn, affected Earth’s surface environment.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Buffered Coordination Modulation as a Means of Controlling Crystal Morphology and Molecular Diffusion in an Anisotropic Metal-Organic Framework

We know significant advances have been made in the synthesis of chemically selective environments within metal-organic frameworks, yet materials development and industrial implementation have been hindered by the inability to predictively control crystallite size and shape. One common strategy to control crystal growth is the inclusion of coordination modulators, which are molecular species designed to compete with the linker for metal coordination during synthesis. However, these modulators can simultaneously alter the pH of the reaction solution, an effect that can also significantly influence crystal morphology. Herein, noncoordinating buffers are used to independently control reaction pH during metal-organic framework synthesis, enabling direct interrogation of the role of the coordinating species on crystal growth. We demonstrate the efficacy of this strategy in the synthesis of low-dispersity single-crystals of the framework Co 2 (dobdc) (dobdc 4- = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) in a pH 7-buffered solution using cobalt(II) acetate as the metal source. Density functional theory calculations reveal that acetate competitively binds to Co during crystallization, and by using a series of cobalt(II) salts with carboxylate anions of varying coordination strength, it is possible to control crystal growth along the c -direction. Finally, we use zero length column chromatography to show that crystal morphology has a direct impact on guest diffusional path length for the industrially important hydrocarbon m -xylene. Together, these results provide molecular-level insight into the use of modulators in governing crystallite morphology and a powerful strategy for the control of molecular diffusion rates within metal-organic frameworks.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Machine learning-based microstructure prediction during laser sintering of alumina

Abstract Predicting material’s microstructure under new processing conditions is essential in advanced manufacturing and materials science. This is because the material’s microstructure hugely influences the material’s properties. We demonstrate an elegant machine learning algorithm that faithfully predicts the microstructure under new conditions, without the need of knowing the governing laws. We name this algorithm, RCWGAN-GP, which is regression-based conditional generative adversarial networks with Wasserstein loss function and gradient penalty. This algorithm was trained with experimental SEM micrographs from laser-sintered alumina under various laser powers. The RCWGAN-GP realistically regenerates the SEM micrographs under the trained laser powers. Impressively, it also faithfully predicts the alumina’s microstructure under unexplored laser powers. The predicted microstructure features, including the morphology of the sintered particles and the pores, match the experimental SEM micrographs very well. We further quantitatively examined the prediction accuracy of the RCWGAN-GP. We trained the algorithm with computer-created micrograph datasets of secondary-phase growth governed by the well-known Johnson–Mehl–Avrami (JMA) equation. The RCWGAN-GP accurately regenerates the micrographs at the trained time series, in terms of the grains’ shapes, sizes, and spatial distributions. More importantly, the predicted secondary phase fraction accurately follows the JMA curve.

08 HYDROGEN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Grad–Shafranov equilibria via data-free physics informed neural networks

A large number of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations are often required for uncertainty quantification, optimization, and real-time diagnostic information, making MHD equilibrium codes vital to the field of plasma physics. In this paper, we explore a method for solving the Grad–Shafranov equation by using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). For PINNs, we optimize neural networks by directly minimizing the residual of the partial differential equation as a loss function. We show that PINNs can accurately and effectively solve the Grad–Shafranov equation with several different boundary conditions, making it more flexible than traditional solvers. This method is flexible as it does not require any mesh and basis choice, thereby streamlining the computational process. We also explore the parameter space by varying the size of the model, the learning rate, and boundary conditions to map various tradeoffs such as between reconstruction error and computational speed. Additionally, we introduce a parameterized PINN framework, expanding the input space to include variables such as pressure, aspect ratio, elongation, and triangularity in order to handle a broader range of plasma scenarios within a single network. Parameterized PINNs could be used in future work to solve inverse problems such as shape optimization.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Impact of mechanical tolerances on partial turn skipping in helical flux compression generator

Maintaining tight mechanical tolerances of the components used in helical flux compression generators is crucial for optimizing device performance. Moving beyond current literature, which provides various approximations for acceptable tolerances, a 3D simulation of the armature stator interaction during generator operation was developed, revealing that existing equations frequently misestimate the tolerance limits. Without restricting the generality of the presented approach, the focus was primarily on the armature’s concentricity and roundness, comparing the acceptable tolerance limits between generators of different sizes. An analytical approach for select geometries was developed, confirming the 3D results. Quantitative results reveal that a steeper Gurney angle and increased winding pitch allow for less restrictive tolerances for eccentricity and ellipticity. Even small deviations from the ideal armature positioning and shape will result in fluctuations of the output current time-derivative, observed experimentally and in simulation. Larger deviations then cause partial turn skipping, associated with loss of magnetic flux. The simulation elucidates the impact of tolerance deviations on generator performance by offering precise tolerance ranges for various generator sizes, thereby facilitating informed design decisions.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Synthetic galaxy clusters and observations based on Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Data

ABSTRACT We develop a novel data-driven method for generating synthetic optical observations of galaxy clusters. In cluster weak lensing, the interplay between analysis choices and systematic effects related to source galaxy selection, shape measurement, and photometric redshift estimation can be best characterized in end-to-end tests going from mock observations to recovered cluster masses. To create such test scenarios, we measure and model the photometric properties of galaxy clusters and their sky environments from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) data in two bins of cluster richness $\lambda \in [30; 45)$, $\lambda \in [45; 60)$ and three bins in cluster redshift ($z\in [0.3; 0.35)$, $z\in [0.45; 0.5)$ and $z\in [0.6; 0.65)$. Using deep-field imaging data, we extrapolate galaxy populations beyond the limiting magnitude of DES Y3 and calculate the properties of cluster member galaxies via statistical background subtraction. We construct mock galaxy clusters as random draws from a distribution function, and render mock clusters and line-of-sight catalogues into synthetic images in the same format as actual survey observations. Synthetic galaxy clusters are generated from real observational data, and thus are independent from the assumptions inherent to cosmological simulations. The recipe can be straightforwardly modified to incorporate extra information, and correct for survey incompleteness. New realizations of synthetic clusters can be created at minimal cost, which will allow future analyses to generate the large number of images needed to characterize systematic uncertainties in cluster mass measurements.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Unraveling the Atomic Mechanism of the Crystalline Phase‐Dependent Structural Features and Special Spectral Design of α‐, β‐, and Ɛ‐Ga₂O₃

Atomic‐scale phase transformations profoundly influence the functional properties of Ga₂O₃ polymorphs. By combining irradiation experiments with microstructure characterization and theoretical approaches, phase‐specific energy‐dissipation pathways in α‐, β‐, and ε‐Ga₂O₃ are uncovered and strategies for targeted property design are outlined. Competing antiphase boundaries (APBs) and twin domain boundaries (TDBs) promote irreversible α→ε interconversion through domain fragmentation. In β‐Ga₂O₃, defect‐induced stress gradients drive two distinct local transformations: surface Ga‐aggregated β→δ that stabilizes transient states, and latent‐track‐confined β→κ phase transition with recoverable distortions via cation reordering. Under electronic excitation, β‐Ga₂O₃ forms nanohillocks via robust GaO₆ octahedra (high density/strong Ga─O bonds), while α/ε‐Ga₂O₃ generates nanopores from tetrahedral Ga looseness (low bonding energy), highlighting phase‐dependent surface dynamics shaped by atomic packing and bonding anisotropy. Defect‐regulated recombination suppresses visible photoluminescence in α/β‐Ga₂O₃, whereas in ε‐Ga₂O₃ bandgap narrowing of ΔE: 0.30 eV is observed, enhancing emission. Linking phase‐dependent defect‐carrier interactions and metastable‐phase engineering in Ga₂O₃ enables property optimization for power‐electronics and optoelectronics devices.

electronic state configuration↗
DOE OSTI2021

Pseudoelasticity of SrNi2P2 Micropillar via Double Lattice Collapse and Expansion

The maximum recoverable strain of most crystalline solids is less than 1% because plastic deformation or fracture usually occurs at a small strain. In this work, we show that a SrNi 2 P 2 micropillar exhibits pseudoelasticity with a large maximum recoverable strain of ~14% under uniaxial compression via unique reversible structural transformation, double lattice collapse–expansion that is repeatable under cyclic loading. Its high yield strength (~3.8 ± 0.5 GPa) and large maximum recoverable strain bring out the ultrahigh modulus of resilience (~146 ± 19 MJ/m 3 ), a few orders of magnitude higher than that of most engineering materials. The double lattice collapse–expansion mechanism shows stress–strain behaviors similar to that of conventional shape-memory alloys, such as hysteresis and thermo-mechanical actuation, even though the structural changes involved are completely different. Our work suggests that the discovery of a new class of high-performance ThCr 2 Si 2 -structured materials will open new research opportunities in the field of pseudoelasticity.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

A simple, validated approach for design of two-dimensional periodic particle patterns via acoustophoresis

Two-dimensional patterning of microparticles enables a wide range of functional materials, including patterned energy storage electrodes, flexible electronics, and sensor arrays. Particle patterning via acoustics offers an attractive path to generate a wide variety of 2D periodic patterns that introduce tailorable hierarchical porosity, useful for controlling surface area, transport distances, and other properties. This method is most effective with micron scale particles and patterns of tens to hundreds of microns. To enable systematic exploration of the broad design space for such patterns, this work develops a model of 2D and 3D assembly of particles at high loadings and validates the obtained patterns against both experiments and more computationally intensive modeling techniques. Using this simple model, connections are mapped between input parameters (like actuation conditions, particle volume fraction, material properties) and output geometrical features (like void size and shape, pattern connectivity, and surface area) so that they can be tailored to given applications. The utility of this simple model is illustrated by predicting and then experimentally demonstrating new hierarchical patterns resulting from multiple waves of different frequencies interacting. These multiscale patterns offer the potential to lift the limits on surface area, diffusion distances, and other features.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2025

Analytical expression of a finite, long, conical canted-cosine-theta coil for particle collider interaction regions

Magnets in the accelerator interaction region (IR) present significant challenges because of high field requirements and limited available space. Conical-shaped magnets offer advantages in these environments by allowing closer placement to the interaction point while maintaining clearance from synchrotron radiation. Interestingly, numerical studies have shown that conical canted-cosine-theta (CCT) designs produce a constant field distribution along the axial direction in the IR quadrupoles for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. However, the field harmonics generated by conical CCT windings are not yet fully understood. This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the magnetic field produced by a conical surface current and proposes a method for designing conical CCT magnets for accelerator applications. First, we begin with a surface current sheet having a general cosine-theta distribution in spherical coordinates and solve the vector potential using the Green’s function. The magnetic fields generated by the conical current sheet are expressed using associated Legendre polynomials. These results are then related to circular field harmonics and integral field harmonics for designing a coil that produces a pure multipole field. Next, a single layer of the conical CCT winding path is produced based on the cosine-theta current distribution. Finally, the magnetic field quality of dipole and quadrupole conical CCT coils with multiple layers is verified using the Biot-Savart law.

Yang, Ye↗
DOE OSTI2025

FRAM Version 7.1’s Bias

The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. For FRAM versions 4 and earlier, the reported uncertainties of the results come from the propagation of the statistics in the peak areas only. No systematic error components are included in the reported uncertainties. For FRAM versions 5 and 6, we examined the FRAM analytical results of both the archival plutonium data and the data specifically acquired for the isotopic uncertainty analysis project and found the relationship between the bias and other parameters. We worked out the equations representing the biases of the measured isotopes from each measurement using internal spectral parameters, such as peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium). The resulting biases were included in the reported uncertainties of FRAM v.5 and v.6.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Evolutionary constraints and climate variability jointly shape starch–sugar balance in woody plants

Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) buffer plants against carbon imbalances, yet their partitioning between storage and soluble pools remains elusive at global scales. Here, we compiled a dataset of starch to soluble sugar ratio (St : Su) for 308 woody species across 220 sites world-wide and introduce a dimensionless index that integrates storage and demand while minimizing methodological artifacts. St : Su was strongly associated with growth, identifying it as a key axis of carbon allocation. Foliage consistently exhibited lower St : Su than lignified organs, reflecting a division between transient and conservative pools. Conifers accumulated more starch in foliage but less in stems relative to angiosperms, while leaf habits and mycorrhizal associations further modulated organ-specific strategies. Contrary to expectation, foliar and root St : Su varied little among biomes, but stems exhibited higher ratios in tropical rainforests than in boreal or arid regions, reflecting differences in species composition and adaptive storage under disturbance. Phylogeny constrained stem storage, whereas climatic variability, rather than mean conditions, dominated allocation in leaves and roots. These findings establish St : Su as a robust functional trait linking allocation strategies, growth, and resilience, which can be used to improve vegetation model prediction of forest productivity and mortality under climate variability.

Li, Weibin [Lanzhou Univ. (China)] (ORCID:00000001↗
DOE OSTI2024

Proton discrimination in CLYC for fast neutron spectroscopy

The Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce (CLYC) elpasolite scintillator is known for its response to fast and thermal neutrons along with good γ-ray energy resolution. While the 35 Cl(n,p) reaction has been identified as a potential means for CLYC-based fast neutron spectroscopy in the absence of time-of-flight (TOF), previous efforts to functionalize CLYC as a fast neutron spectrometer have been thwarted by the inability to isolate proton interactions from 6 Li(n,α) and 35 Cl(n,α) signals. This work introduces a new approach to particle discrimination in CLYC for fission spectrum neutrons using a multi-gate charge integration algorithm that provides excellent separation between protons and heavier charged particles. Neutron TOF data were collected using a 252 Cf source, an array of EJ-309 organic liquid scintillators, and a 6 Li-enriched CLYC scintillator outfitted with fast electronics. Modal waveforms were constructed corresponding to the different reaction channels, revealing significant differences in the pulse characteristics of protons and heavier charged particles at ultrafast, fast, and intermediate time scales. These findings informed the design of a pulse shape discrimination algorithm, which was validated using the TOF data. This study also proposes an iterative subtraction method to mitigate contributions from confounding reaction channels in proton and heavier charged particle pulse height spectra, opening the door for CLYC-based fast neutron and γ-ray spectroscopy while preserving sensitivity to thermal neutron capture signals.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗