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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 1,441 records · Page 80
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DOE OSTI2021

Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy Clinics: The Evidence Is There, but Where Are the Clinics? An Australian and New Zealand Perspective

First developed in Canada in the 1990s, Rapid Access Palliative Radiation Therapy (RAPRT) clinics have subsequently spread internationally to expedite treatment for near end-of-life patients, sparing them the need for multiple visits to the department. A “classical” RAPRT clinic is herein defined as “a dedicated clinic specifically established to enable (ideally) same day consultation, planning for, and delivery of palliative radiation treatment.” The aim of this work was to determine the current status of these clinics in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ).

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

In Vivo Imaging of the Microglial Landscape After Whole Brain Radiation Therapy

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is an important treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases, but can also cause cognitive deterioration. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, promote a proinflammatory environment and likely contribute to cognitive decline after WBRT. To investigate the temporal dynamics of the microglial reaction in individual mice to WBRT, we developed a novel in vivo experimental model using cranial window implants and longitudinal imaging.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Interprofessional Image Verification Workshop for Physician and Physics Residents: A Multi-Institutional Experience

Verification of patient position through pretreatment setup imaging is crucial in modern radiation therapy. As treatment complexity increases and technology evolves, physicist-physician collaboration becomes imperative for safe and successful radiation delivery. Despite the importance of both, residency programs lack formal interprofessional education (IPE) activities or structured training for image verification. Here we show the impact of an interprofessional image verification workshop for residents in a multi-institutional setting.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Prospective Trial Demonstrating the Benefit of Personalized Selection Of Breath-Hold Technique for Upper-Abdominal Radiation Therapy Using the Active Breathing Coordinator

For upper abdominal tumors, our institutional-standard motion reduction method is the expiration breath-hold (EBH) technique, using Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC). However, an individual patient's breath-hold (BH) reproducibility (R{sub BH}) may be improved in deep inspiration or inspiration breath-hold (DIBH or IBH). This trial compared the tumor position R{sub BH}, stability (S{sub BH}), and breath-hold time (T{sub BH}) of 3 BH methods, using ABC, to personalize the selection of technique, by using a preplanning screening assessment.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Partial-Brain Radiation-Induced Microvascular Cognitive Impairment in Juvenile Murine Unilateral Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

Radiation-induced cognitive deficits have a severe negative impact on pediatric brain tumor patients. The severity of cognitive symptoms is related to the age of the child when radiation was applied, with the most severe effects seen in the youngest. Previous studies using whole-brain irradiation in mice confirmed these findings. To understand ipsilateral and contralateral changes in the hippocampus after partial-brain radiation therapy (PBRT) of the left hemisphere, we assessed the neuroplasticity and changes in the microvasculature of the irradiated and nonirradiated hippocampus in juvenile mice.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: Financial Risk and Expenditures in the United States, 2008 to 2017

Rising cancer care expenditures and technological advancement of shorter radiation therapy regimens have drawn significant attention to the use of hypofractionated radiation therapy in clinical care. We examine the costs of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) compared with conventional whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) in the United States and investigate the influences of patient characteristics and commercial insurance on HF-WBI use.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Randomized Phase 3, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Prophylactic Gabapentin for the Reduction of Oral Mucositis Pain During the Treatment of Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether prophylactic gabapentin usage in patients undergoing definitive concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (chemoRT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) improves treatment-related oral mucositis pain, opioid use, and feeding tube (FT) placement.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2021

NMIIA promotes tumorigenesis and prevents chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer by activating AMPK/mTOR pathway

Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) has been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis and malignant progression of various human tumors. However, the role and potential mechanism of NMIIA in the biological functions and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. In this study, we found that NMIIA was overexpressed in CRC tissues and significantly associated with poor survival in CRC patients. In addition, NMIIA promoted CRC cell proliferation and invasion via activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway in vitro, and NMIIA knockdown inhibited CRC growth in vivo. Meanwhile, NMIIA knockdown downregulated the CSCs markers (CD44 and CD133) expression in CRC cells. Furthermore, AMPK/mTOR pathway activation effectively reversed the NMIIA knockdown-induced inhibition of proliferation, invasion and stemness in CRC cells. Finally, NMIIA protects CRC cells from 5-FU-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that NMIIA plays a pivotal role in CRC growth and progression by regulating AMPK/mTOR pathway activation, and it may act as a novel therapeutic target prognostic factor in CRC.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Plasminogen activator Inhibitor-2 inhibits pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension via PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling

Highlights: • Serum PAI-2 is decreased in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. • Serum PAI-2 is associated with disease severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension. • Exogenous PAI-2 attenuates monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. • PAI-2 inhibits pulmonary arterial smooth muscle proliferation via PI3K/Akt and ERK. The proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and subsequent pulmonary vascular remodeling leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying molecules that can suppress PASMCs proliferation is critical for developing effective pharmacological treatment. We previously showed that plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) inhibited human PASMC (hPASMCs) proliferation in vitro. However, its inhibitory effect on PAH remains to be determined, and the mechanism remains to be illustrated.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

HIF1α promotes tumor chemoresistance via recruiting GDF15-producing TAMs in colorectal cancer

Chemoresistance is a tremendous challenge to efficacy of systemic chemotherapy which is the preferred treatment for the advanced CRC patients. More tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recruited into the CRC tumor under chemotherapy, which are highly implicated in the chemoresistance development, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, we present that activated HIF1α signaling in CRC cells under chemotherapy drives the expression of HMGB1to promotes macrophage infiltration and in turn chemoresistance development. Chemotherapeutic treatment with 5-FU leads to increased recruitment of macrophages into tumors, which display tumor-protective alternative activation. Mechanistically, tumor HIF1α signaling activated by chemo-induced ROS drives the transcription of HMGB1 to promote more macrophage infiltration into CRC tumor. Furthermore, high levels of GDF15 produced by TAMs impair the chemosensitity of tumor cells via enhancing fatty acids β-oxidation. Together, our current study reveals a new insight into the cross-talking between tumor cells and immune cells, and provides novel drug targets for clinic treatments for CRC.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Long non-coding RNA GClnc1 knockdown suppresses progression of epithelial ovarian cancer by recruiting FOXC2 to disrupt the NOTCH1/NF-κB/Snail pathway

Highlights: • GClnc1 is highly expressed in EOC patients and is associated with poor prognosis. • shGClnc1 inhibits the growth and metastasis of EOC cells and promotes apoptosis. • GClnc1 transcriptionally activates NOTCH1 by recruiting FOXC2 in the nucleus. • NOTCH1 promotes the activation of the NF-κB/Snail signaling. • GClnc1 may be one of the possible targets for the treatment of EOC. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly fatal gynecological cancer. A long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gastric cancer-associated lncRNA1 (GClnc1) has been revealed to play critical roles in metastasis. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the correlation between GClnc1 and the metastasis and progression of EOC.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Src-mediated Tyr353 phosphorylation of IP3R1 promotes its stability and causes apoptosis in palmitic acid-treated hepatocytes

Palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis is critical for the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1) is an intracellular Ca{sup 2+}-release channel and is involved in PA-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. While the expression of IP3R1 is elevated in patients with NAFLD and in hepatocytes treated with PA, it remains unclear how PA promotes the expression of IP3R1. In present study, our results showed that PA induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, which is accompanied with the increase of the IP3R1 expression in hepatic cells. The inhibition of IP3R1 expression using siRNA ameliorated the PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, PA enhanced the stability of the IP3R1 protein instead of an increase in its mRNA levels. PA also promoted the phosphorylation of IP3R1 at the Tyr353 site and increased the phosphorylation of src in hepatic cells. Moreover, an inhibitor of src kinase (SU6656) significantly reduced the Tyr353 phosphorylation of IP3R1 and decreased its stability. In addition, SU6656 improved mitochondrial function and reduced apoptosis in hepatocytes. Conclusion: PA promotes the Tyr353 phosphorylation of IP3R1 by activating the src pathway and increasing the protein stability of IP3R1, which consequently results in mitochondrial Ca{sup 2+} overload and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatic cells. Our results also suggested that inhibition of the src/IP3R1 pathway, such as by SU6656, may be a novel potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of NAFLD.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

AFF4 facilitates melanoma cell progression by regulating c-Jun activity

Melanoma is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis due to metastasis. AFF4 (AF4/FMR2 family member 4), as a scaffold protein, is a component of the super elongation complex (SEC), and is involved in the progression of tumors, e.g., leukemia, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, few studies on AFF4 have focused on melanoma. Here, AFF4 expression levels and clinicopathological features were evaluated in melanoma tissue samples. Then, we performed cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays in A375 and A2058 cells lines in vitro to evaluate the role of AFF4 in melanoma. The effects of AFF4 knockdown in vivo were characterized via a xenograft mouse model. Finally, the correlation between c-Jun and AFF4 protein levels in melanoma was analyzed by rescue assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found that AFF4 expression was upregulated in melanoma tumor tissues and that AFF4 protein expression was also closely related to the prognosis of patients with cutaneous melanoma. Moreover, AFF4 could promote the invasion and migration of melanoma cells by mediating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). AFF4 might regulate c-Jun activity to promote the invasion and migration of melanoma cells. Importantly, c-Jun was regulated by the AFF4 promoted melanoma tumorigenesis in vivo. Taken together, AFF4 may be a novel oncogene that promotes melanoma progression through regulation of c-Jun activity.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗