Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “Container”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,441 records · Page 80
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

High pressure synthesis and crystal structure of a ternary superconductor Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} containing layer structured calcium sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus

The Zintl compound CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is peritectically decomposed to a mixture of Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} and aluminum metal at temperatures above 600 Degree-Sign C under a pressure of 5 GPa. The new ternary compound Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Sl{sub 4} crystalizes with the space group Cmc2{sub 1} and the lattice parameters a=5.8846(8), b=14.973(1), and c=7.7966(5) A. The structure is composed of aluminum silicide framework [Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4}] and layer structured [Ca{sub 2}] network interpenetrating with each other. The electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) shows the formation of solid solutions Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3-x}Si{sub 4+x} (x<0.6). The layer structured [Ca{sub 2}] sub-network is isomorphous with black phosphorus. The new ternary compound shows superconductivity with a transition temperature (T{sub c}) of 6.4 K. The band structure calculation suggests that the superconductivity should occur through the conduction bands mainly composed of 3p orbitals of the aluminum silicide framework. - Graphical abstract: A new ternary superconductor Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} has been prepared under high pressure and high temperature conditions, which includes layer structured calcium sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A typical Zintl compound CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} melts congruently at ambient pressure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Under high pressure CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2} decomposes to Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} and Al at {approx}600 Degree-Sign C. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} contains Ca sub-network isomorphous with black phosphorus. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 3}Si{sub 4} shows superconductivity with a transition temperature of 6.4 K.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Direct synthesis of Al-SBA-15 containing aluminosilicate species plugs in an acid-free medium and structural adjustment by hydrothermal post-treatment

A series of Al-SBA-15 with controllable aluminosilicate plug structures inside straight mesopores has been hydrothermally synthesized in a one-step synthesis in an environmentally friendly acid-free medium, using triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as a structure-directing agent, water as solvent, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO){sub 3}·9H{sub 2}O) as silica and aluminum sources, respectively. The effects of the P123/Si molar ratio in the initial solution and aging temperature on the structural properties of the resulting materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption at 77 K, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric (TG), FT-IR spectra and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analyses. The nature of the Al species and the acidity of the resultant samples were studied by solid state {sup 27}Al MAS NMR and pyridine adsorption measurements. The specific surface area (935–755 m{sup 2}g{sup −1}), pore volume (1.03–0.56 cm{sup 3}g{sup −1}) and especially the concentration and distribution of open type mesopores (0–68% to the total pores) of the synthesized Al-SBA-15 can be controlled by a simple adjustment of the P123/Si molar ratio in the initial solution. Moreover, increasing the aging temperature higher than 363 K can remarkably decrease the formation of plug structures to obtain “open” form mesopores. The observation by TEM of alternate defined gray and white areas inside the mesopores gives the strong evidence of isolated microporous aluminosilicate plugs inside the channels. In addition, a moderate hydrothermal post-treatment can finely modify the mesostructures through the partial or complete dissolution of the aluminosilicate plugs. - Graphical abstract: The plugs-containing structures can be interpreted as the distribution of individual isolated plugs along the mesoporous channel. - Highlights: • Al-SBA-15 with controllable plug structures was synthesized in an acid-free medium. • Its structural properties can be finely modified through moderate hydrothermal post-treatment. • TEM analysis gave the direct evidence of isolated aluminosilicate plugs inside the channels.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

New μ-SnTe{sub 4} and μ-Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6} ligands to transition metal: Solvothermal syntheses and characterizations of zinc tellurostannates containing polyamine ligands

Zinc tellurostannates [(Zn(teta)){sub 2}(μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe{sub 4})] (1), [(Zn(teta)){sub 3}(μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe{sub 4})]I{sub 2} (2), [(Zn(tren)){sub 2}(μ-1κ:2κ-Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6})] (3), and [Zn(dien){sub 2}]{sub 4}(Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6}){sub 1.75}(Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 8}){sub 0.25}·dien (4) were prepared by the reactions of Zn, Sn, and Te with iodine ion assistant in teta and dien. The tetrahedral [SnTe{sub 4}]{sup 4−} anion coordinates to two [Zn(teta)]{sup 2+} units as a bidentate μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe{sub 4} ligand to form the neutral complex 1. It coordinates to three [Zn(teta)]{sup 2+} units with a tridentate μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ coordination modes, generating a complex cation [(Zn(teta)){sub 3}(μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ- SnTe{sub 4})]{sup 2+} in 2. In 3, the [Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6}]{sup 4−} anion joins two [Zn(tren)]{sup 2+}cations with the trans terminal Te atoms, forming neutral complex 3. The μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe{sub 4}, μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe{sub 4}, and μ-1κ:2κ-Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6} ligands to TM centers in 1–3 have not been observed before. Compound 4 contains a normal [Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6}]{sup 4−} and an abnormal [(Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6}){sub 0.75}(Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 8}){sub 0.25}]{sup 4−} anions. Compounds 1–4 exhibit narrow band gaps in the range of 1.47–1.98 eV, and a distinct red-shift of the band gaps is observed from 4 to 1−3. - Graphical abstract: Zinc tellurostannates were prepared with iodine ion assistant in polyamines, and first μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe{sub 4}, μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe{sub 4}, and μ-1κ:2κ-Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6} ligands TM centers were obtained. - Highlights: • Zinc-tellurostannates were first prepared with iodine ion assistant. • Novel μ-1κ:2κ-SnTe{sub 4}, μ{sub 3}-1κ:2κ:3κ-SnTe{sub 4}, and μ-1κ:2κ-Sn{sub 2}Te{sub 6} ligands were obtained. • The Zinc tellurostannates exhibit optical bandgaps between 1.47 and 1.98 eV.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2014

Two isostructural layered oxohalide compounds containing Mn{sup 2+}, Te{sup 4+} and Si{sup 4+}; crystal structure and magnetic susceptibility

The new compounds Mn{sub 4}(TeO{sub 3})(SiO{sub 4})X{sub 2} (X=Br, Cl) were synthesized by solid state reactions in sealed evacuated silica tubes. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}/m with the unit cell parameters a=5.5463(3) Å (5.49434(7) Å), b=6.4893(4) Å (6.44184(9) Å), c=12.8709(7) Å (12.60451(18) Å), β=93.559(5)° (94.1590(12)°) and Z=2 for the respective Br and Cl analogues. Manganese adopts various distorted coordination polyhedra; [MnO{sub 6}] octahedra, [MnO{sub 5}] tetragonal pyramids and [MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2}] tetrahedra. Other building blocks are [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra and [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids. The structure is made up from layers having no net charge that are connected via weak Van der Waal interactions. The layers that are parallel to (1 1 0) consist of two manganese oxide sheets which are separated by [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra. On the outer sides of the sheets are the [MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2}] tetrahedra and the [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids connected so that the halide ions and the stereochemically active lone pairs on the tellurium atoms protrude from the layers. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a Curie law with a Weiss temperature of θ=−153(3) K for temperatures ≥100 K and indicate antiferromagnetic ordering at T{sub N} ∼4 K. Possible structural origins of the large frustration parameter of f=38 are discussed. - Graphical abstract: Table of contents caption. The new compounds Mn{sub 4}(TeO{sub 3})(SiO{sub 4})X{sub 2} (X=Br, Cl) are layered with weak Van der Waal interactions in between the layers. Manganese adopts various distorted coordination polyhedral, other building blocks are [SiO{sub 4}] tetrahedra and [TeO{sub 3}] trigonal pyramids. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures and a large frustration parameter. - Highlights: • Two new isostructural oxohalide compounds are described. • The compounds are the first examples of oxohalides containing both Te{sup 4+} and Si{sup 4+}. • Both compounds display the unusual coordination polyhedron MnO{sub 2}X{sub 2} (X=Cl, Br). • The compounds are made up of charge neutral layers connected via weak interactions. • The compounds are antiferromagnetic and display a large frustration parameter.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic properties of the ammonolysis product of α-Fe powder containing a small amount of aluminum

Magnetite was prepared containing a small amount of aluminum and its nitride was generated through low temperature ammonolysis following reduction under hydrogen. The nitrided product was determined by XRD to be a mixture of “α″-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}” having a slightly deformed crystal structure from α″-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} and the residual α-Fe. Magnetic coercivity of the mixture was decreased from the value of 150 mT obtained for the nitride product made without aluminum, due to the precipitation of nonmagnetic amorphous alumina in the low temperature nitrided bcc (Fe{sub 1−x}Al{sub x}) with x≤0.03. The aluminum-doped nitride product in which the “α″-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}” fraction was 30 at% exhibited magnetization at 1.5 T of approximately 200 Am{sup 2}kg{sup −1} at room temperature and its magnetic coercivity was 20 mT. - Graphical abstract: Magnetic iron nitride particles were separated by nonmagnetic amorphous γ-alumina. Magnetic coercivity was decreased by reducing the magnetic interaction between the particles. - Highlights: • Magnetic coercivity decreased in α”-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2} like compound as a soft magnet. • Small amount of Al addition was effective in its preparation. • Magnetic interaction decreased between the “α”-Fe{sub 16}N{sub 2}” particles.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2015

Syntheses, structures and tunable luminescence of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks based on azole-containing carboxylic acid ligand

Design and synthesis of a series of isostructural lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (LnMOFs) serving as phosphors by coordinate the H{sub 2}TIPA (5-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isophthalic acid) ligands and lanthanide ions is reported. The color of the luminescence can be tuned by adjusting the relative concentration of the lanthanide ions in the host framework GdTIPA, and near-pure-white light emission can be achieved. - Graphical abstract: Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (LnMOFs) with tunable luminescence were synthesized using an azole-containing carboxylic acid as ligand. - Highlights: • A series of isostructural LnMOFs serving as phosphor is reported. • We model the GdTIPA: Tb{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+} which can tune color and emit white light. • The scheme and mechanism of luminescent LnMOFs are also presented and discussed.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

High-pressure/high-temperature synthesis and characterization of the first palladium or platinum containing lithium transition-metal sulfides Li{sub 2}M{sub 3}S{sub 4} (M=Pd, Pt)

The new lithium transition-metal sulfides Li{sub 2}M{sub 3}S{sub 4} (M=Pd, Pt) were obtained via multianvil high-pressure/high-temperature syntheses at 8 GPa and 1150 °C starting from a stoichiometric mixture of lithium nitride, sulfur, and palladium or platinum. Single crystal structure analyses indicated the space group P2{sub 1}/c (no. 14) with the following lattice parameters and refinement results: a=492.9(1), b=1005.9(2), c=614.9(2) pm, β=110.9 (1)°, R1=0.0165, wR2=0.0308 (all data) for Li{sub 2}Pd{sub 3}S{sub 4} and a=498.2(1), b=1005.5(2), c=613.0(2) pm, β=110.8(1)°, R1=0.0215, wR2=0.0450 (all data) for Li{sub 2}Pt{sub 3}S{sub 4}. The crystal structures are built up from two distinct Pd/Pt sites, one of which is a special position (0,0,0), two sulfur sites, and one lithium site. The atoms Pd2/Pt2 form isolated square planar PdS{sub 4}/PtS{sub 4} units, whereas the Pd1/Pt1 atoms form pairs of square planar PdS{sub 4}/PtS{sub 4} units, which are connected via a common edge. These two structural motives built up a three-dimensional network structure by linking through common corners. The lithium atoms are positioned inside of the so formed channels. Li{sub 2}M{sub 3}S{sub 4} (M=Pd, Pt) are isostructural to the minerals jaguéite, Cu{sub 2}Pd{sub 3}Se{sub 4} and chrisstanleyite, Ag{sub 2}Pd{sub 3}Se{sub 4}, which are up to now the only representatives of this structure type. Both compounds were studied with respect to their magnetic properties and can be classified as Pauli paramagnetic or diamagnetic. Regarding the possibility of lithium mobility inside the channels, of the structure, solid state {sup 7}Li NMR and high-temperature single crystal investigations revealed localization of the lithium atoms on their crystallographic sites. - Graphical abstract: The ternary lithium transition-metal sulfides Li{sub 2}M{sub 3}S{sub 4} (M=Pd, Pt) were prepared via multianvil high-pressure/high-temperature syntheses. They are built up from square planar PtS{sub 4}/PdS{sub 4} units with lithium located in the channels of the crystal structure. - Highlights: • Li{sub 2}M{sub 3}S{sub 4} (M=Pd, Pt) are the missing sulfide analogue compounds to Cu{sub 2}Pd{sub 3}Se{sub 4} and Ag{sub 2}Pd{sub 3}Se{sub 4}. • The compounds are the first Pd or Pt containing lithium transition-metal sulfides. • Li mobility was investigated via temp. dependent XRD and solid state {sup 7}Li NMR. • Magnetic properties revealed Pauli paramagnetic or diamagnetic contributions.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

SBA-15 mesoporous silica free-standing thin films containing copper ions bounded via propyl phosphonate units - preparation and characterization

The SBA-15 silica thin films containing copper ions anchored inside channels via propyl phosphonate groups are investigated. Such materials were prepared in the form of thin films, with hexagonally arranged pores, laying rectilinear to the substrate surface. However, in the case of our thin films, their free standing form allowed for additional research possibilities, that are not obtainable for typical thin films on a substrate. The structural properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular structure was examined by Raman spectroscopy supported by numerical simulations. Magnetic measurements (SQUID magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy) showed weak antiferromagnetic interactions between active units inside silica channels. Consequently, the pores arrangement was determined and the process of copper ions anchoring by propyl phosphonate groups was verified in unambiguous way. Moreover, the type of interactions between magnetic atoms was determined. - Highlights: • Functionalized free-standing SBA-15 thin films were synthesized for a first time. • Thin films synthesis procedure was described in details. • Structural properties of the films were thoroughly investigated and presented. • Magnetic properties of the novel material was investigated and presented.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Preparation of Mo-Re-C samples containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn-type structure by solid state reaction of planetary-ball-milled powder mixtures of Mo, Re and C, and their crystal structures and superconductivity

Mo-Re-C compounds containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure were synthesized with high-melting-temperature metals Mo, Re, and C powders using a conventional solid state method with a planetary ball milling machine instead of the arc melting method. Use of the ball milling machine was necessary to obtain Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure using the solid state method. Almost single-phase Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with a trace of impurity were obtained using the synthesis method. By XRF and lattice parameter measurements on the samples, Fe element existed in the compound synthesized using the planetary ball milling machine with a pot and balls made of steel, though Fe element was not detected in the compound synthesized using a pot and balls made of tungsten carbide. The former compound containg the Fe atom did not show superconductivity but the latter compound without the Fe atom showed superconductivity at 6.1 K. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility measured under 10 Oe for the superconducting PBM-T samples without Fe element and non-superconducting PBM-S with Fe element. The inset is the enlarged view of the data for the PBM-S sample.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Magnetic interactions in rhenium-containing rare earth double perovskites Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=rare earths)

The perovskite-type compounds containing both rare earth and rhenium Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=Y, Tb-Lu) have been prepared. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld analysis show that Ln{sup 3+} and Re{sup 5+} ions are structurally ordered at the B site of the perovskite SrBO{sub 3}. Magnetic anomalies are found in their magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements at 2.6–20 K for Ln=Y, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu compounds. They are due to magnetic interactions between Re{sup 5+} ions. The results of the magnetic hysteresis and remnant magnetization measurements for Sr{sub 2}YReO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}LuReO{sub 6} indicate that the antiferromagnetic interactions between Re{sup 5+} ions below transition temperatures have a weak ferromagnetic component. The analysis of the magnetic specific heat data for Sr{sub 2}YbReO{sub 6} shows that both the Yb{sup 3+} and Re{sup 5+} ions magnetically order at 20 K. For the case of Sr{sub 2}DyReO{sub 6}, magnetic ordering of the Re{sup 5+} moments occurs at 93 K, and with decreasing temperature, the moments of Dy{sup 3+} ferromagnetically order at 5 K from the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. - Graphical abstract: Crystal structure of double perovskite Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6}. Red and black lines show cubic and monoclinic unit cells, respectively. - Highlights: • Double perovskites Sr{sub 2}LnReO{sub 6} (Ln=rare earths) were prepared. • They show an antiferromagnetic transition at 2.6–20 K. • In Sr{sub 2}DyReO{sub 6}, Dy and Re moments magnetically order at 5 and 93 K, respectively.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Cluster formula of Fe-containing Monel alloys with high corrosion-resistance

The cluster-plus-glue-atom model is applied in the composition interpretation of Monel alloys. This model considers ideal atomic nearest neighbor configurations among the constituent elements and has been used in understanding compositions of complex alloys like quasicrystals, amorphous alloys, and cupronickels. According to this model, any structure can be expressed by cluster formula [cluster](glue atom){sub x}, x denoting the number of glue atoms matching one cluster. According to this model, two groups of experimental composition series [Fe{sub 1}Ni{sub 12}]Cu{sub x} and [Fe{sub y}Ni{sub 12}]Cu{sub 5} were designed which fell close to conventional Fe-containing Monel alloys. The designed alloys after solution treatment plus water quenching, are monolithic FCC Ni-based solid solutions. Among them, the [Fe{sub 1}Ni{sub 12}]Cu{sub 5} alloy has the highest corrosion resistance in simulated sea water, and its performance is superior to that of industrial Monel 400 alloy. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A stable solid solution model is proposed using our 'cluster-plus-glue-atom model'. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This model is used to develop Monel corrosion resistant alloys. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Single FCC structure is easily retained. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The alloys show good corrosion properties. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This work contributes to the general understanding of engineering alloys.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Effect of anodization parameters on the structural morphology of titanium in fluoride containing electrolytes

In the present work, formation of titania nanopores on titanium substrate was investigated in aqueous (sulphuric acid) and neutral organic (glycerol) electrolytes containing different concentrations of HF (0.1-0.2 M). The surface morphology, topography and phase structures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. Under optimized electrolyte conditions, titania nanopore is obtained with the average pore diameter of 64 nm and 84 nm for aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Atomic force microscope investigation shows that the porous layer forms under a competition of titania formation and oxide dissolution up to a limiting thickness of {approx} 75 nm and 100 nm respectively for aqueous and organic electrolytes. The porous structure was observed at 0.15 M HF concentration. It was found that depending on the electrolytes the pore diameter alters and also its concentration effected the porous structures formation. Compared to aqueous electrolytes, organic electrolytes showed larger diameter pores. From the X-ray diffraction measurement it is evident that the as prepared titania nanopores are amorphous in nature, whereas the anodized heat treated titania nanopores are in anatase phase. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Aqueous and organic electrolytes were used to synthesize nanoporous titania. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The surface morphology varies with various concentrations of HF. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nanopores were formed at optimum HF concentration of 0.15 M. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nanopore diameter was found to be affected by the electrolyte used.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

High-resolution electron microscopy observation and dislocation reaction mechanism of fivefold twinning in a Cu-rich precipitate in a cold rolled ferritic steel containing copper

Ferritic steels containing copper have been studied as model systems for clusters/precipitate formation in reactor pressure vessel steels. The samples were aged at 400 °C for 4000 h and subsequently cold rolled to 30% reduction at room temperature. The microstructural characteristics of the samples were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Direct evidence was found that the fivefold twinning occurs via simultaneous emission of two Shockley partial dislocations from two particular α-Fe/Cu interfaces, and then the pileup tips of the twofold twin. - Highlights: • Fivefold twin is observed in a Cu-rich precipitate in cold rolled ferritic steels. • A dislocation reaction mechanism for the fivefold twin formation is proposed. • Two particular mismatching α-Fe/Cu-rich precipitate interfaces play a critical role.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Microstructure characterization and mechanical behaviors of a hot forged high Nb containing PM-TiAl alloy

In this work, the effects of deformation on the microstructure and mechanical behaviors of TiAl alloy were investigated. Deformed microstructure observation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diffraction technique, transmission electron microscopy and DEFORM-3D software. Results indicated that the core area of the TiAl pancake was characterized by completely dynamically recrystallized microstructures, however some residual lamellar colonies can be observed near the edge area, which are primarily caused by a temperature drop and inhomogenous plastic flow. The main softening mechanism is dynamic recrystallization of γ grains. The as-forged alloy exhibited excellent mechanical properties at both room temperature and high temperature. Tensile test results showed that the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy increased from 832 MPa at room temperature to 853 MPa at 700 °C, while the elongation increased from 2.7% to 17.8%. Even at the temperature of 850 °C, the ultimate tensile strength maintained 404 MPa, and the elongation increased to 75%. The as-forged alloy also exhibited remarkable low-temperature superplasticity at 850 °C, with an elongation of 120%. - Highlights: • The core area of the TiAl pancake was characterized by DRX microstructure. • The elongation at RT is higher than that of other high Nb-containing TiAl alloys. • The forged alloy exhibited low-temperature superplasticity at 850 °C.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Preparation of the egg membrane bandage contained the antibacterial Ag nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a rapid, single step, and completely green biosynthetic method employing aqueous aloe leaf extracts as both the reducing and capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the average size of silver nanoparticles approximately 18.05 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy observation showed the estimation of two kinds of binding sites between aqueous aloe leaf and aqueous aloe leaf with silver nanoparticles. In addition, the critical roles of the concentration of silver nitrate, temperature, and reaction time in the formation of silver nanoparticles had been illustrated. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles were deposited on egg membrane bandage, forming a new egg membrane bandage that contained silver nanoparticles that exhibiting excellent antibacterial effects against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, which was 2.5 times stronger than the commercially available bandage. - Graphical Abstract: Display Omitted.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2016

Phase identification in boron-containing powder metallurgy steel using EBSD in combination with EPMA

Boron (B) is extensively used to induce liquid phase sintering (LPS) in powder metallurgy (PM) steels and thereby increase the densification. The alloying elements in B-containing PM steels affect the boride phase, stability of the boride, the temperature of liquid formation, and the progress of LPS. However, the boride phase has not been systematically identified yet. The main objective of this study was to clarify the influences of alloying elements, including C, Cr, and Ni, on the boride phases using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in combination with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Network structures consisting of ferrite, Fe{sub 2}B boride, and Fe{sub 3}C carbide were extensively observed in the Fe–0.4B–0.5C steel. The portions of Fe{sub 2}B were sufficiently larger than those of Fe{sub 3}C, and Fe{sub 3}C was mostly distributed at the interfaces between ferrite and Fe{sub 2}B. Adding 1.5 wt.% Cr or 1.8 wt.% Ni to Fe–0.4B–0.5C steel completely changes the Fe{sub 2}B and Fe{sub 3}C phases to a M{sub 3}(B,C) phase, where M represents the metallic elements, including Fe, Cr, Mo, and Ni. Furthermore, Cr, Mo, B, and C atoms tend to concentrate on the M{sub 3}(B,C) phase, but Ni atoms do not. - Highlights: • Network structures consisting of ferrite, Fe{sub 2}B boride, and Fe{sub 3}C carbide were extensively observed in the Fe–0.4B–0.5C steel. • Adding 1.5 wt.% Cr or 1.8 wt.% Ni to Fe–0.4B–0.5C steel completely transforms the Fe{sub 2}B and Fe{sub 3}C phases to a M{sub 3}(B,C) phase. • Cr, Mo, B, and C atoms tend to concentrate on the M{sub 3}(B,C) phase, but Ni atoms do not.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Understanding the role of carbon atoms on microstructure and phase transformation of high Nb containing TiAl alloys

The microstructure and solidification behavior of high Nb containing TiAl alloys with the composition of Ti-46Al-8Nb-xC (x = 0.1, 0.7, 1.4, 2.5 at.%) prepared by arc-melting method have been investigated in this work. The results give evidence that the addition of carbon changes the solidification behavior from solidification via the β phase to the peritectic solidification. And carbon in solid solution enriches in the α{sub 2} phase and increases the microhardness. As the carbon content increases to 1.4 at.%, plate-shape morphology carbides Ti{sub 2}AlC (H phase) precipitate from the TiAl matrix which leads to the refinement microstructure. By aging at 1173 K for 24 h after quenching treatment, fine needle-like and granular shape Ti{sub 3}AlC (P phase) carbides are observed in the matrix of Ti-46Al-8Nb-2.5C alloy, which distribute along the lamellar structure or around the plate-shape Ti{sub 2}AlC. Transmission electron microscope observation shows that the Ti{sub 3}AlC carbides precipitate at dislocations. The phase transformation in-situ observations indicate that the Ti{sub 2}AlC carbides partly precipitate during the solid state phase transformation process. - Highlights: •Carbon changes the solidification behavior from β phase to peritectic solidification. •Dislocations in solution treated γ phase act as nucleation sites of Ti{sub 3}AlC precipitations. •Ti{sub 3}AlC precipitates as fine needle-like or granular shape in the solution treated matrix. •Ti{sub 2}AlC carbides precipitate during the solid state phase transformation process.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2017

Microstructural evolution and thermal stability after aging of a cobalt-containing martensitic bearing steel

The microstructural changes and thermal stability of a cobalt-containing martensitic heat resistance bearing steel have been investigated in this paper. The hardness variation showed a progressive hardness decrease associated with coarsening of fine carbides at elevated temperatures. The precipitation of secondary phases during tempering at 500 °C for 10 h and 100 h has been characterized and identified in detail using transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the aging treatment induced very fine secondary M{sub 6}C precipitates which were responsible for the secondary hardening peak when tempered at 500 °C for 30 h. But the hardness gradually decreased due to the coarsening of M{sub 6}C carbide and other secondary phases (such as μ phase, σ phase, and χ phase) precipitation when the samples were tempered over 30 h at 500 °C. - Highlights: •Retained austenite fraction was reduced after cryogenic treatment. •Secondary hardening was responsible for M{sub 6}C precipitates. •TEM study to investigate different phases characteristics •Coarsening of carbides during aging has a significant effect on mechanical properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗