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At least 1,441 records · Page 80
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2013

Synthesis of lithium cobalt oxide by single-step soft hydrothermal method

Lithium cobalt double oxide LiCoO{sub 2} was synthesized at 220 Degree-Sign C by soft hydrothermal method using Co(OH){sub 2} and LiOH as precursors, LiOH/NaOH as mineralizers and H{sub 2}O{sub 2} as oxidant. The soft hydrothermal synthesis method offers the dual advantage of a much lower synthesis time and a higher purity in comparison with other synthesis methods. The compound was identified by X-ray diffraction and its purity was checked by magnetic and electron magnetic resonance measurements. The grain morphology was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and an exponential growth of particle size with synthesis time was observed. - Graphical abstract: Concave cuboctohedrons obtained after 60 h reaction time. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An optimized soft hydrothermal method for a fast synthesis of high purity LiCoO{sub 2} compound is reported. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Both lamellar and cuboctahedral particles could be stabilized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Secondary phases content is lower than 0.1%. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Close to surface defects were evidenced using EMR.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Structural and spectroscopic properties of high temperature prepared ZrO₂–TiO₂ mixed oxides

ZrO₂-TiO₂ mixed oxides of various composition, with the molar fraction of TiO₂ ranging from 0.1% to 15%, have been prepared via sol-gel synthesis and then calcined at 1273 K to check both their thermal stability and physicochemical properties. These solids are usually employed in photocatalytic processes and as active phase supports in heterogeneous catalysis. As indicated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, solid solutions based on Ti ions diluted in the ZrO₂ matrix are formed in the whole range of Ti molar fraction examined. Materials with low Ti loading (0.1%–1%) are basically constituted by the monoclinic phase of ZrO₂ while the tetragonal phase becomes prevalent at 15% of TiO₂ molar fraction. The presence of Ti ions modify the electronic structure of the solid as revealed by investigation of the optical properties. The typical band gap transition of ZrO₂ undergoes, in fact, a red shift roughly proportional to the Ti loading which reach the remarkable value of 1.6 eV for the sample with 10% of molar Ti concentration. Comparing chemical analysis of the solids with XPS data it has been put into evidence that the titanium ions distribution into the solid is not uniform and the concentration of Ti⁴⁺ tend to be higher in subsurface layers than in the crystal bulk. The introduction of titanium ions in the structure increases the reducibility of the solid. Annealing under vacuum at various temperatures causes oxygen depletion with consequent reduction of the solid which shows up mainly in terms of formation of Ti³⁺ reduced centres which are characterized by a typical EPR signal. Ti³⁺ defects forms, as also forecast by theoretical modelling of the solid, as their energy is lower than that of other possible reduced defective centers. The reduced solids are able to transfer electrons to adsorbed oxygen molecules in mild condition resulting in the formation of surface superoxide anions (O₂⁻) which are stabilized on surface Zr⁴⁺ or, alternatively, on Ti⁴⁺ ions according to the sample composition. - Graphical abstract: The presence of Ti in ZrO₂ modifies UV–vis and electronic properties of mixed oxides. Highlights: • ZrO₂–TiO₂ mixed oxides have been prepared via sol–gel synthesis. • Solids with low Ti loading are constituted by the monoclinic phase of ZrO₂. • The presence of Ti ions modify the electronic structure of the solid. • The introduction of titanium ions increases the reducibility of the solid.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}–CuO–P{sub 2}O{sub 5} system: Two novel compounds built from the intergrowths oxocentered polycationic 1D-ribbons

Single crystals of two novel bismuth copper oxyphosphates were grown from a unique melt. They have been structurally characterized by means of single crystal X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Bi{sub 29.4}Cu{sub 9.29}O{sub 32}(PO{sub 4}){sub 16}Cu{sub 2.63} (1) is orthorhombic, space group Pca2{sub 1}, a=33.0549(2)A, b=11.6991(4)A and c=5.2902(2)A, R{sub 1}=0.059 and wR{sub 2}=0.061. Bi{sub 37.2}Cu{sub 18.8}O{sub 44}(PO{sub 4}){sub 24}Cu{sub 5} (2) is orthorhombic, space group Pna2{sub 1}, a=11.6010(3)A, b=47.4384(5)A and c=5.267(2)A, R{sub 1}=0.0940 and wR{sub 2}=0.0981. Both compounds are formed of similar 1D building units (BUs) organized into two different 3D regular intergrowths mediated by phosphate groups. Here, the so-called 1D-BUs are infinite ribbons formed by edge-sharing O(Bi,M){sub 4} tetrahedra with n=4 and n=3 tetrahedra-wide units. Both compounds were analyzed from the viewpoint of their relationship with the parent δ-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} fluorite-like structure, where phosphorus atoms substitutes for some Bi sites. A non-exhaustive review of the related structural types is given. We have checked by second harmonic generacy (SHG) microscopy that the two non-centrosymmetric structures (despite polar subunits) lead to SHG before the samples are irreversibly damaged. - Graphical abstract: This paper reports the crystal structure of two new bismuth oxophosphate compounds. Both are built on the association of n=3 and 4 building unit ribbons surrounded by isolated PO4 tetrahedra and tunnels hosting Cu{sup 2+} cations. They come in addition to the numerous Bi-based compounds already pointed out. Once more, this is the proof of the richness of this crystal system. - Highlights: • Two new bismuth oxophosphates were synthesized. • Crystal structure were solved thanks to single crystal X-Ray diffraction. • They show two different associations of n=3 and 4 ribbons built on [O,(Bi,M){sub 4}] tetrahedral sharing edges and surrounded by isolated PO4 groups. • SHG microscopy confirm the NCS character of both compounds. • The family of bismuth oxophosphate compounds contained several structures already pointed out but also still to be evidenced.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2019

Genetic variation and radiation quality impact cancer promoting cellular phenotypes in response to HZE exposure

There exists a wide degree of genetic variation within the normal human population which includes disease free individuals with heterozygote defects in major DNA repair genes. A lack of understanding of how this genetic variation impacts cellular phenotypes that inform cancer risk post heavy ion exposure poses a major limitation in developing personalized cancer risk assessment astronauts. We initiated a pilot study with Human Mammary Epithelial Cell strains (HMEC) derived from wild type, a p16 silenced derivative of wild type, and various genetic variants that were heterozygote for DNA repair genes; BRCA1, BRCA2 and ATM. Cells strains were exposed to different high and low LET radiation qualities to generate both simple and complex lesions and centrosome aberrations were examined as a surrogate marker of genomic instability and cancer susceptibility post different exposures. Our results indicate that centrosome aberration frequency is higher in the genetic variants under study. The aberration frequency increases with dose, complexity of the lesion generated by different radiation qualities and age of the individual. This increase in genomic instability correlates with elevated check-point activation post radiation exposure. These studies suggest that the influence of individual genetics on cell cycle regulation could modify the degree of early genomic instability in response to complex lesions and potentially define cancer predisposition in response to HZE exposure. These results will have significant implications in estimating cancer susceptibility in genetically variant individuals exposed to HZE particles.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

XRD and EBSD analysis of anisotropic microstructure development in cold rolled F138 stainless steel

The microstructural characteristics of deformation-processed materials highly influence their mechanical properties. For a complete characterization of a microstructure both local and global information must be gathered, which requires the combination of different analysis techniques. X-ray and Electron Backscatter Diffraction were used in the present paper to characterize the deformation induced in a cold rolled F138 austenitic stainless steel sample. The results obtained using laboratory and synchrotron X-ray sources were compared and combined with EBSD quantitative results, allowing the global and local characterization and orientation dependence of the deformation microstructure. A particular behavior was observed in the XRD data corresponding to the planes with < 220 >∥ ND, likely due to a smaller amount of defects accumulated in the crystals with that particular orientation. EBSD was used to separate the scans data into partitions and to calculate misorientation variables and parameters, showing that this behavior can be attributed to a combination of larger grain sizes, lower local boundary misorientations and dislocation densities for crystals having < 220 >∥ ND. Several conclusions, of general validity for the evaluation of microstructure anisotropy, can be extracted from the results. - Highlights: •Combined XRD and EBSD for studying microstructure gave a superb insight on anisotropic accumulation of defects. •W-H and CMWP methods were applied for checking consistency of results. •XRD showed that a smaller accumulation of defects occurred in crystals with < 220 >∥ ND. •High brilliance X-ray beam allowed to study the anisotropy of defect accumulation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

The red-emitting phosphors of Eu{sup 3+}-activated MR{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} (M = Ba, Sr, Ca; R = La{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+}, Y{sup 3+}) for light emitting diodes

Graphical abstract: The luminescence quantum efficiencies of Eu{sup 3+}-doped MY{sub 2−x}Eu{sub x}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} show the dependence on the Eu{sup 3+} doping (x) for M = Ca (a), Sr (b), Ba (c). Display Omitted Highlights: ► Eu{sup 3+}-activated MY{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) were firstly prepared. ► Comprehensive investigations of QEs and thermal stabilities of Eu{sup 3+}-activated MR{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} (M = Ba, Sr, Ca; R = La, Gd). ► BaYEu(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}, SrY0.6Eu1.4(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} and CaEu{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} are the best choice for solid state lighting because of high QEs and thermal stabilities. -- Abstract: A series of red-emitting phosphors of MR{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+} (M = Ba, Sr, Ca; R = La{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+}, Y{sup 3+}) were prepared by solid-state reaction. The photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra were investigated. The phosphors can be efficiently excited by the near UV light and exhibit a red luminescence corresponding to the electric dipole transition {sup 5}D{sub 0} → {sup 7}F{sub 2} at 615 nm. The optimum doping in MY{sub 2−x}Eu{sub x}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) were investigated by the dependence of luminescence quantum efficiency (QE) on the Eu{sup 3+} concentrations. The absolute luminescence quantum efficiencies were measured for all the samples. The luminescence thermal satiability was checked by measuring the temperature-dependent luminescence intensities in temperature region of 10–450 K. The results indicate that the three phosphors of BaYEu(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4}, SrY{sub 0.6}Eu{sub 1.4}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} and CaEu{sub 2}(MoO{sub 4}){sub 4} are the best choice for white-LEDs to be used for lighting. This was evaluated in details by taking into account of the properties such as the excitation spectra, the luminescence QEs, the red color coordinates, the luminescence quenching of Eu{sup 3+}-doping concentrations and the thermal stability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Nano-crystalline p-ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4}/n-Si as a new heterojunction diode

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Highlights: ► ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4}/Si thin film was prepared by thermal evaporation technique. ► XRD and AFM graphs support the nano-crystalline of the studied device. ► Dark current–voltage characteristics of the heterojunction diode were investigated. ► Electrical parameters and conduction mechanism were determined. ► Conduction mechanisms were controlled by TE, SCLC and TCLC. -- Abstract: In this communication, ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4} thin film was prepared by thermal evaporation technique on n-Si substrate. P-ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4}/n-Si heterojunction diode was fabricated. The structure of ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4} thin film was checked by XRD pattern and confirmed by AFM micrographs. The dark current–voltage characteristics of the heterojunction diode were investigated to determine the electrical parameters and conduction mechanism as a function of forward and reverse biasing conditions in the range (−10 V to 10 V) at temperature interval (303–423 K). The conduction mechanism was controlled by thermionic emission, space charge limited (SCLC) and trap-charge limited current (TCLC) mechanisms. The basic parameters such as the series resistance R{sub s}, the shunt resistance R{sub sh}, the ideality factor n and the barrier height φ{sub b} of the diode, the total density of trap states N{sub 0} and the exponential trapping distribution P{sub o} were determined. The obtained results showed that ZnGa{sub 2}Te{sub 4} is a good candidate for the applications of electronic devices.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2013

Improvement of the physical properties of novel (1 − y) Co{sub 0.8}Cu{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} + (y) SrTiO{sub 3} nanocomposite

Graphical abstract: The ME coefficient as a function of magnetic field for the composites (1 − y) Co{sub 0.8}Cu{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} + (y) SrTiO{sub 3} (y = 40, 50, 60 and 80%). Highlights: ► T{sub C} and M{sub s} decrease with the increase of SrTiO{sub 3} concentration. ► The P–E hysteresis loops were observed for all compositions. ► The maximum ME coefficient was observed for the composite with 60% SrTiO{sub 3}. - Abstract: Magnetoelectric (ME) nanocomposites (1 − y) Co{sub 0.8}Cu{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} + (y) SrTiO{sub 3} (y = 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100%) were prepared by standard ceramic method. Phase formation was checked using X-ray diffraction analysis. Both saturation magnetization (M{sub s}) and Curie temperature (T{sub C}) decrease with increasing SrTiO{sub 3} content. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant reveals two maxima, one about 550 K corresponds to non-stoichiometry and lattice distortions while the second around 900 K corresponds to the Curie temperature (T{sub C}). The large value of ME output is due to the strain induced by lattice distortion in the ferrite phase by Jahn–Teller ions like Cu. Hence, Jahn–Teller effect in the ferrite leads to polarization in the piezoelectric phase.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Transfer of microstructure pattern of CNTs onto flexible substrate using hot press technique for sensing applications

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Successfully transfer of microstructure patterned CNTs on PET substrate. • Demonstrate as resistor-based NH{sub 3} gas sensor in the sub-ppm range. • Excellent photodetector having instantaneous response and recovery characteristics. • An effective technique to grow and produce flexible electronic device. - Abstract: In this work, we report the successful and efficient transfer process of two- dimensional (2-D) vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by hot pressing method with an aim to develop flexible sensor devices. Carbon nanotubes are synthesized by cold wall thermal chemical vapor deposition using patterned SiO{sub 2} substrate under low pressure. The height of the pattern of CNTs is controlled by reaction time. The entire growth and transfer process is carried out within 30 min. Strong adhesion between the nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate substrate was observed in the post-transferred case. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies are used to analyze the microstructure of carbon nanotube film before and after hot pressing. This technique shows great potential for the fabrication of flexible sensing devices. We report for the first time, the application of patterned microstructure developed by this technique in the development of gas sensor and optoelectronic device. Surface resistive mode is used for detection of ammonia (NH{sub 3}) gas in the sub-ppm range. An impressive photoconducting response is also observed in the visible wavelength. The reproducibility of the sample was checked and the results indicate the possibility of use of carbon nanotube as gas sensor, photodetector, CCDs etc.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Growth and characterization of diammonium copper disulphate hexahydrate single crystal

Graphical abstract: Diammonium copper disulphate hexahydrate (DACS) is one of the most promising inorganic dielectric crystals with exceptional mechanical properties. Good quality crystals of DACS were grown by using solution method in a period of 30 days. The grown crystals were subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in order to establish their crystalline nature. Thermo gravimetric, differential thermal analysis, FTIR, and UV–vis–NIR analysis were performed for the crystal. Several solid state physical parameters have been determined for the grown crystals. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss and AC conductivity of the grown crystal were studied as a function of frequency and temperature has been calculated and plotted. - Highlights: • Diammonium copper disulphate is grown for the first time and CCDC number obtained. • Thermal analysis is done to see the stability range of the crystals. • Band gap and UV cut off wavelength of the crystal are determined to be 2.4 eV and 472.86 nm, respectively. • Dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity are plotted as a function of applied field. - Abstract: Diammonium copper disulphate hexahydrate is one of the most promising inorganic crystals with exceptional dielectric properties. A good quality crystal was harvested in a 30-day period using solution growth method. The grown crystal was subjected to various characterization techniques like single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermo gravimetric, differential thermal analysis, FTIR, and UV–vis–NIR analysis. Unit cell dimensions of the grown crystal have been identified from XRD studies. Functional groups of the title compounds have been identified from FTIR studies. Thermal stability of the samples was checked by TG/DTA studies. Band gap of the crystal was calculated. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were studied as a function of frequency of the applied field. AC conductivity was plotted as a function of temperature.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and up/down-conversion luminescence of barium rare earth fluoride nanocrystals

Graphical abstract: Lanthanide ions doped bare earth rare earth fluoride nanocrystals are synthesized by hydrothermal technology and characterized. The down/up-conversion luminescence of them are discussed. - Highlights: • Mixed hydrothermal system H{sub 2}O–OA (EDA)–O-A(LO-A) is used for synthesis. • Barium rare earth fluoride nanocrystals are synthesized comprehensively. • Luminescence for down-conversion and up-conversion are obtained for these systems. - Abstract: Mixed hydrothermal system H{sub 2}O–OA (EDA)–O-A(LO-A) is developed to synthesize barium rare earth fluorides nanocrystals (OA = oleylamine, EDA = ethylenediamine, O-A = oleic acid and LO-A = linoleic acid). They are presented as BaREF{sub 5} (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Tm, Lu) and Ba{sub 2}REF{sub 7} (RE = La, Sm, Ho, Er, Yb). The influence of reaction parameters (rare earth species, hydrothermal system and temperature) is checked on the phase and shape evolution of the fluoride nanocrystals. It is found that reaction time and temperature of these nanocrystals using EDA (180 °C, 6 h) is lower than those of them using OA (220 °C, 10 h). The photoluminescence properties of these fluorides activated by some rare earth ions (Nd{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}, Tb{sup 3+}) are studied, and especially up-conversion luminescence of the four fluoride nanocrystal systems (Ba{sub 2}LaF{sub 7}:Yb, Tm(Er), Ba{sub 2}REF{sub 7}:Yb, Tm(Er) (RE = Gd, Y, Lu)) is observed.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Cation distribution in Ni–Cu–Zn nanoferrites from {sup 57}Fe in-field Mössbauer spectra

Highlights: • Occupancy of copper ions at about 20% towards tetrahedral sites. • Distribution is proposed on the basis of % of Fe ions at both A and B sites. • Distribution is checked by estimating the theoretical lattice constant values. - Abstract: The nanoparticles of Ni{sub 1−x}Cu{sub x}Zn{sub 0.35}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were synthesized by sol–gel method using polyvinyl alcohol as a chelating agent. X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples confirmed the single phase spinel structure. The site occupancy of copper in the nanosized nickel–zinc ferrite spinels was investigated with the help of in-field Mössbauer spectroscopy. Cation distribution for the whole series of compositions was proposed by considering the amounts of iron ions present at both tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites in the spinel lattice. Confirmation of the proposed distributions was done by estimating quantitatively the lattice parameters for these compositions and comparing their values with those of the experimentally observed ones.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effect of the purity of starting materials on the growth and properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals – A comparative study

Highlights: • Bulk size KDP crystal has been grown with higher growth rate. • Systematic study on the effect of starting materials has been done. • Crystalline perfection is maintained in the entire crystal. - Abstract: A systematic study on the effect of purity of starting materials on the growth and properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals is crucial for the future study of the material for nonlinear optical applications. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals were grown using high pure (99.999%) and ordinary (99.9%) starting raw materials using slow cooling method in identical conditions. Their optical transparency and crystalline perfection are studied by UV and high resolution X-ray diffraction analyses respectively. The results are checked with the help of etching analyses. The full width at half maximum is 8″ which is close to that expected from the plane wave theory of dynamical X-ray diffraction for an ideally perfect crystal. Results of those studies are correlated with each other. The quantitative results show that the raw material plays an important role in the growth of good quality crystals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Effect of annealing temperature on the structure and optical parameters of Ge{sub 20}Se{sub 50}Te{sub 30} thin films

Highlights: • The amorphous nature of as prepared Ge{sub 20}Se{sub 50}Te{sub 30} films was confirmed by XRD. • The thermal annealing was found to affect the structure and optical parameter. • Thermal annealing resulted in an appearance of crystalline phases in studied films. • The average particle size increased with increasing the annealing temperature. • The indirect band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. - Abstract: Bulk glasses and thin films of Ge{sub 20}Se{sub 50}Te{sub 30} were prepared by melt-quenching and thermal evaporation technique, respectively. The stoichiometry of the composition was checked by energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), whereas the crystallization was investigated using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). The effect of heat treatment on the structure transformation of Ge{sub 20}Se{sub 50}Te{sub 30} films was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results reveal that the as-prepared films are amorphous in nature while the annealed ones show crystalline phases. Further, the average crystallite size, strain, and dislocation density were found to depend on the annealing temperature. The optical transmittance and reflectance of the studied films at different annealing temperatures were measured using spectrophotometer. The optical parameters were calculated as a function of annealing temperature. The optical transition was found to be allowed indirect transition with optical band gap decreases from 1.69 to 1.41 eV with increasing the annealing temperature from 553 to 633 K.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

A novel blue-greenish emitting phosphor Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:Tb{sup 3+} with high thermal stability

Highlights: • The Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:Tb{sup 3+} phosphors exhibit a broad excitation band. • The Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:Tb{sup 3+} emission color adjust from blue to green. • The Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:Tb{sup 3+} show superior thermal stability. - Abstract: Ba{sub 3}La{sub 1−m}K(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:mTb{sup 3+}(m = 0.01–0.50) phosphors have been prepared by a traditional high temperature solid-state reaction. XRD analysis verified the apatite-type phase structure of the as-prepared samples, and the morphology has been checked by the Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The emission spectrum of Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:Tb{sup 3+} phosphor consists of two regions, blue emission band from 380 to 470 nm and green emission band from 470 to 650 nm. With increasing Tb{sup 3+} ions doped concentration (m), the color hue of Ba{sub 3}La{sub 1−m}K(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:mTb{sup 3+}adjusts from blue to green. On the basis of concentration quenching method, the critical distance between Tb{sup 3+} ions is calculated to be 7.98 Å, suggesting that multipolar interaction predominate in quenching process. In addition, the temperature-dependence PL spectra of Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:0.01Tb{sup 3+} and Ba{sub 3}LaK(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F:0.40Tb{sup 3+} phosphor are given,which exhibit superior thermal stability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Studies on synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via green route and its electrical property

Highlights: • RGO-1 and RGO-2 were synthesized by green method using different phytoextracts. • M. indica L., S. tuberosum L. phytoextracts act as reducing and stabilizing agents. • Conjugated structure of graphene is established following partial reduction of GO. • Electrical conductivities of RGO-1 and RGO-2 are higher than GO. - Abstract: An environmentally friendly method has been applied for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). This method was developed by using polyphenols that contained a phytoextract of Mangifera indica L. along with Solanum tuberosum L. as reducing agents since they are non-toxic and naturally available. The phytoextracts used in the production of RGO was set between 60 and 70 °C. Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer’s method as reported in earlier findings. Structural and morphological studies demonstrate that the part of the oxygen functionalities in GO can be removed by following green reduction. Characterizations of the resulting product have been done by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy. FESEM, TEM, EDX spectrum, TGA, DLS and Zeta potential measurements of the samples have also been carried out to study the morphological, thermal and surface charge characteristics. Electrical conductivity was also measured to check the extent of reduction of GO to RGO.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Study of magneto-optical characteristics of cerium incorporated yttrium iron garnet films

Highlights: • Ce:YIG films deposited by sol–gel method. • XRD results shows crystallite size of films decreases by Ce concentrations. • Morphological studies indicate of smooth and connected surface for all films. • Ce ions increased Faraday rotation of YIG films. - Abstract: In the current study, yttrium iron garnet films incorporated with cerium with the general formula of Ce{sub x}Y{sub 3-x}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} and values of (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) were prepared through sol–gel method using spin coating technique and heating treatment on quartz substrates. Prepared samples were studied to check physical characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied to study the impact of Ce impurities on the structural characteristic, surface morphology of films and magnetic properties, respectively. Faraday rotation values of samples were measured at the wavelength of 632 nm. The image of the atomic force microscope (AFM) of the prepared samples shows that the films have a continuous and smooth surface.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Tungsten-doped vanadium dioxide thin film based tunable antenna

Highlights: • VO{sub 2} and W-doped VO{sub 2} thin films were successfully synthesized by reactive PLD process. • By using the films, thermally tunable and switchable bowtie RF antenna structures were designed, fabricated, and tested. • The thin film based RF antenna structures were fully functional with a successful frequency tuning capability. - Abstract: Since vanadium dioxide (VO{sub 2}) is a phase change material that shows a metal to insulator transition behavior at a temperature near 68℃, it has many potential applications in the areas of science and engineering. In this study, tungsten (W) -doped VO{sub 2} thin films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique with a metallic vanadium target and W-wires which were simply attached on the surface of the vanadium target. Also, bowtie RF antenna structures were fabricated by using the films to check the frequency tunability. The experimental results show a decrease of the transition temperature and a broadening of the phase transition as the atomic percentage of W increases in the film structure. The results also reveal that the W-doped VO{sub 2} thin film based RF antenna was fully functional with the successful frequency tuning capability.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗