Engineering Papers⌕ Search

SEARCH · Engineering Papers

Results for “solid solution”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2015

Mechanosynthesis and structural characterization of nanocrystalline Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} (x=0.1–0.35) solid solutions

A series of nanostructured fluorite-type Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} (0≤x≤0.35) solid solutions, prepared via high-energy milling of the CeO{sub 2}/Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} mixtures, are investigated by XRD, HR-TEM, EDS and Raman spectroscopy. For the first time, complementary information on both the long-range and short-range structural features of mechanosynthesized Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ}, obtained by Rietveld analysis of XRD data and Raman spectroscopy, is provided. The lattice parameters of the as-prepared solid solutions decrease with increasing yttrium content. Rietveld refinements of the XRD data reveal increase in microstrains in the host ceria lattice as a consequence of yttrium incorporation. Raman spectra are directly affected by the presence of oxygen vacancies; their existence is evidenced by the presence of vibration modes at ~560 and ~600 cm{sup –1}. The detailed spectroscopic investigations enable us to separate extrinsic and intrinsic origin of oxygen vacancies. It is demonstrated that mechanosynthesis can be successfully employed in the one-step preparation of nanocrystalline Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} solid solutions. - Graphical abstract: Mechanosynthesis of nanocrystalline Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} (x=0.1–0.35) solid solutions. - Highlights: • One-step mechanosynthesis of nanoscale Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} (0≤x≤0.35) solid solutions. • Complementary information on the long-range and short-range structural features of mechanosynthesized Ce{sub 1–x}Y{sub x}O{sub 2–δ} is provided. • Structural variations as a response to the yttrium doping. • Separation of extrinsic and intrinsic origin of the induced oxygen vacancies.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Thermochemistry of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3} solid solutions (0<x<1)

The structure, the energetics and the internal redox reactions of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1-x}O{sub 3} have been studied in the complete solid solution range 0.0<x<1.0. High temperature oxide melt drop solution calorimetry was performed to determine the enthalpies of formation from binary oxides and the enthalpy of mixing. There is a noticeable change in the energetics of the solid solution near x=0.7, which is due to the growing concentration of Fe{sup 4+} at higher Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio. The balance between different valences of the transition metals, Mn and Fe, is the main factor in determining the energetics of the La{sub 0.70}Sr{sub 0.30}Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1-x}O{sub 3} solid solution. - Graphical abstract: Enthalpy of mixing ({Delta}H{sub mix}) of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3-{gamma}} solid solution at room temperature as a function of Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratio, x. Linear fits for the two regions at low and high x are shown as solid lines. The inset shows the content of Mn{sup 3+}, Mn{sup 4+}, Fe{sup 3+} and Fe{sup 4+} as a function of x based on the work by Jonker. The redox reactions between different valence states of Fe and Mn dominate the energetic behavior of the solid solution. Highlights: > Investigated the structure, the energetics and the internal redox reactions of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Mn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}O{sub 3}. > Determined the formation and mixing enthalpy by high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. > Symmetry of the perovskite, transition metal valence and energetics are interdependent. > Thermochemical data shows convincing evidence of the interplay between the Mn{sup 4+} and the Fe{sup 4+} ions. > Balance between different valences of Mn and Fe dominates the energetics of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3}Fe{sub x}Mn{sub 1-x}O{sub 3}.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Perovskite Oxide–Halide Solid Solutions: A Platform for Electrocatalysts

The successful integration or hybridization of perovskite oxides with their halide cousins would enable the formation of both multi-anionic and multi-cationic solid solutions with unique metal-ion sites and synergistic properties that could potentially surpass the performance of classic perovskites. However, such solid solutions had not been produced previously owing to their distinct formation energies and different synthesis conditions. Solid solutions combining perovskite oxides with fluorides were produced in this study by mechanochemical synthesis. The obtained perovskite oxide–halide solid solutions had highly mixed elements and valences, uniform element distributions, and single-phase crystalline structures. In this work, the solid solution with an optimized combination of oxides and fluorides exhibited enhanced catalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

ZrB 2 -HfB 2 solid solutions as electrode materials for hydrogen reaction in acidic and basic solutions

Spark plasma sintered transition metal diborides such as HfB 2 , ZrB 2 and their solid solutions were investigated as electrode materials for electrochemical hydrogen evolutions reactions (HER) in 1 M H 2 SO 4 and 1 M NaOH electrolytes. HfB 2 and ZrB 2 formed complete solid solutions when mixed in 1:1, 1:4, and 4:1 ratios and they were stable in both electrolytes. The HER kinetics of the diborides were slower in the basic solution than in the acidic solutions. The Tafel slopes in 1 M H 2 SO 4 were in the range of 0.15 - 0.18 V/decade except for pure HfB 2 which showed a Tafel slope of 0.38 V/decade. In 1 M NaOH the Tafel slopes were in the range of 0.12 - 0.27 V/decade. The composition of Hf x Zr 1-x B 2 solid solutions with x = 0.2 - 0.8, influenced the exchange current densities, overpotentials and Tafel slopes of the HER. As a result, the EIS data were fitted with a porous film equivalent circuit model in order to better understand the HER behavior. In addition, modeling calculations, using density functional theory approach, were carried out to estimate the density of states and band structure of the boride solid solutions.

25 ENERGY STORAGE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Transport properties of the SnBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4}–PbBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} solid solution

We report on the electrical and thermal transport properties of the Sn{sub 1−x}Pb{sub x}Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} series and we discuss the potential of these materials for thermoelectric conversion applications. From the evolution of the XRD patterns, we can confidently conclude that a complete solid solution exists between SnBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} and PbBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4}, with no miscibility gap. A crossover from p-type conduction in Sn-rich samples to n-type conduction in Pb-rich ones has been observed, with a transition between x=0.3 and 0.4. A concomitant increase of the electrical resistivity and of the Seebeck coefficient has been observed in the solid solution, which leads to almost constant values of the thermoelectric power factor. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is slightly reduced in the solid solution. The best figure of merit ZT values at room temperature have been observed for p-type Sn{sub 0.8}Pb{sub 0.2}Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} with ZT=0.25 and for n-type Sn{sub 0.3}Pb{sub 0.7}Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} with ZT=0.15. - Graphical abstract: Seebeck coefficient in (Pb/Sn)Bi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} solid solution. - Highlights: • A complete solid solution exists between PbBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4} and SnBi{sub 2}Te{sub 4.} • A crossover between p-type and n-type is observed for 0.3<Pb fraction <0.4. • The lattice thermal conductivity is hardly reduced in the solid solution.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2013

The study of magnetic phase diagram of Fe{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Cr{sub 2}S{sub 4} solid solutions

A magnetic phase diagram of Fe{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Cr{sub 2}S{sub 4} solid solutions was studied. The temperature and concentration ranges of existence of magnetoactive phases based on ferrimagnet FeCr{sub 2}S{sub 4} (0≤x≤0.63), antiferromagnet ZnCr{sub 2}S{sub 4} (0.73≤x≤1), and a spin glass (0.63≤x≤0.73) were determined. The concentration dependences of the saturation magnetic moments and Curie temperatures of the solid solutions synthesized were investigated experimentally and theoretically. - Graphical abstract: Saturation magnetic moment of the solid solutions Fe{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Cr{sub 2}S{sub 4} at T=5 K: 1—experimental curve; 2—theoretical curve on [15]; 3—theoretical curve on [16]. Highlights: • A magnetic phase diagram of Fe{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}Cr{sub 2}S{sub 4} solid solutions was studied. • The concentration ranges of existence of magnetoactive phases were determined. • The concentration dependences of the magnetic moments were investigated.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2017

Effects of chemical alternation on damage accumulation in concentrated solid-solution alloys

Single-phase concentrated solid-solution alloys (SP-CSAs) have recently gained unprecedented attention due to their promising properties. To understand effects of alloying elements on irradiation-induced defect production, recombination and evolution, an integrated study of ion irradiation, ion beam analysis and atomistic simulations are carried out on a unique set of model crystals with increasing chemical complexity, from pure Ni to Ni 80 Fe 20 , Ni 50 Fe 50 , and Ni 80 Cr 20 binaries, and to a more complex Ni 40 Fe 40 Cr 20 alloy. Both experimental and simulation results suggest that the binary and ternary alloys exhibit higher radiation resistance than elemental Ni. The modeling work predicts that Ni 40 Fe 40 Cr 20 has the best radiation tolerance, with the number of surviving Frenkel pairs being factors of 2.0 and 1.4 lower than pure Ni and the 80:20 binary alloys, respectively. While the reduced defect mobility in SP-CSAs is identified as a general mechanism leading to slower growth of large defect clusters, the effect of specific alloying elements on suppression of damage accumulation is clearly demonstrated. This work suggests that concentrated solid-solution provides an effective way to enhance radiation tolerance by creating elemental alternation at the atomic level. The demonstrated chemical effects on defect dynamics may inspire new design principles of radiation-tolerant structural alloys for advanced energy systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Temperature Dependence of the Mechanical Properties of Equiatomic Solid Solution Alloys with FCC Crystal Structures

We found that compared to decades-old theories of strengthening in dilute solid solutions, the mechanical behavior of concentrated solid solutions is relatively poorly understood. A special subset of these materials includes alloys in which the constituent elements are present in equal atomic proportions, including the high-entropy alloys of recent interest. A unique characteristic of equiatomic alloys is the absence of “solvent” and “solute” atoms, resulting in a breakdown of the textbook picture of dislocations moving through a solvent lattice and encountering discrete solute obstacles. Likewise, to clarify the mechanical behavior of this interesting new class of materials, we investigate here a family of equiatomic binary, ternary and quaternary alloys based on the elements Fe, Ni, Co, Cr and Mn that were previously shown to be single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc) solid solutions. The alloys were arc-melted, drop-cast, homogenized, cold-rolled and recrystallized to produce equiaxed microstructures with comparable grain sizes. Tensile tests were performed at an engineering strain rate of 10 -3 s -1 at temperatures in the range 77–673 K. Unalloyed fcc Ni was processed similarly and tested for comparison. The flow stresses depend to varying degrees on temperature, with some (e.g. NiCoCr, NiCoCrMn and FeNiCoCr) exhibiting yield and ultimate strengths that increase strongly with decreasing temperature, while others (e.g. NiCo and Ni) exhibit very weak temperature dependencies. Moreover, to better understand this behavior, the temperature dependencies of the yield strength and strain hardening were analyzed separately. Lattice friction appears to be the predominant component of the temperature-dependent yield stress, possibly because the Peierls barrier height decreases with increasing temperature due to a thermally induced increase of dislocation width. In the early stages of plastic flow (5–13% strain, depending on material), the temperature dependence of strain hardening is due mainly to the temperature dependence of the shear modulus. In all the equiatomic alloys, ductility and strength increase with decreasing temperature down to 77 K. Keywords

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Thermal transport properties of halide solid solutions: Experiments vs equilibrium molecular dynamics

The composition dependence of thermal transport properties of the (Na,K)Cl rocksalt solid solution is investigated through equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations in the entire range of composition and the results are compared with experiments published in recent work [Gheribi et al., J. Chem. phys. 141, 104508 (2014)]. The thermal diffusivity of the (Na,K)Cl solid solution has been measured from 473 K to 823 K using the laser flash technique, and the thermal conductivity was deduced from critically assessed data of heat capacity and density. The thermal conductivity was also predicted at 900 K in the entire range of composition by a series of EMD simulations in both NPT and NVT statistical ensembles using the Green-Kubo theory. The aim of the present paper is to provide an objective analysis of the capability of EMD simulations in predicting the composition dependence of the thermal transport properties of halide solid solutions. According to the Klemens-Callaway [P. G. Klemens, Phys. Rev. 119, 507 (1960) and J. Callaway and H. C. von Bayer, Phys. Rev. 120, 1149 (1960)] theory, the thermal conductivity degradation of the solid solution is explained by mass and strain field fluctuations upon the phonon scattering cross section. A rigorous analysis of the consistency between the theoretical approach and the EMD simulations is discussed in detail.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2024

Utilization of Novel (KNbO 3 ) 1− x (Ba 2 FeNbO 6 ) x ( x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) Solid Solutions for Efficient Photo‐Assisted Fenton Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

Novel (KNbO 3 ) 1− x (Ba 2 FeNbO 6 ) x ( x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) solid solutions corresponding to K 0.82 Ba 0.18 Fe 0.09 Nb 0.91 O 3 , K 0.64 Ba 0.36 Fe 0.18 Nb 0.82 O 3 , and K 0.46 Ba 0.54 Fe 0.27 Nb 0.73 O 3 compounds have been synthesized via molten salt method. X‐ray diffraction confirms the formation of solid solutions, while transmission electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy results demonstrates a homogeneous distribution of elements. The obtained solid solutions crystallized in a cubic crystal structure, whereas the parent KNbO 3 possesses an orthorhombic structure. The wide bandgap semiconductor KNbO 3 transformed into a visible‐light‐active material, with its bandgap energy reduced from 3.56 eV to ≈2.4 eV. The substitution of K in KNbO 3 with Ba is responsible for structural modification from orthorhombic to cubic symmetry, whereas both structural modification and the substitution of Nb with Fe correlated with optical properties. The photocatalytic activities of all obtained solid solutions are improved compared with the parent KNbO 3 and Ba 2 FeNbO 6 compounds for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Among the series of solid solutions, K 0.82 Ba 0.18 Fe 0.09 Nb 0.91 O 3 photocatalysts show the highest MB removal efficiency owing to its relatively higher surface area, suppressed charge carrier recombination, and more negative conduction band edge. Moreover, K 0.82 Ba 0.18 Fe 0.09 Nb 0.91 O 3 photocatalyst (0.1 g) combined with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to form a novel photo‐Fenton system, achieving almost complete degradation of 100 mL of 10 mg L −1 MB dye in 30 min.

Avcıoğlu, Celal [Technische Universität Berlin, Fa↗
DOE OSTI2013

Investigation into the structure of ceramic Li{sub x}Na{sub 1-x}Ta{sub 0.1}Nb{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} solid solutions by X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy

The structure of ceramic solid solutions Li{sub x}Na{sub 1-x}Ta{sub 0.1}Nb{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} has been investigated by full-profile X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that their structure for all x values is similar to the NaNbO{sub 3} structure. The structure of NaTa{sub 0.1}Nb{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} solid solutions (x = 0) is characterized by the sp. gr. Pbcm, and the structure of Li{sub x}Na{sub 1-x}Ta{sub 0.1}Nb{sub 0.9}O{sub 3} solid solutions with x = 0.05, 0.1, and 0.16 is characterized by the sp. gr. P2{sub 1}ma. The unit-cell parameters decrease with an increase in x. At x = 0, doubled values of the parameter c and, correspondingly, the unit-cell volume are observed in the antiferroelectric phase. This fact is confirmed by the form of the vibrational spectrum in the region of stretching modes of oxygen atoms along the polar axis.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2013

Structural studies of TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x} solid solution by Rietveld refinement and first-principles calculations

The lattice parameters, structural stability and electronic structure of titanium oxycarbides (TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x}, 0≤x≤1) solid solution were investigated by Rietveld refinement and first-principles calculations. Series of TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x} were precisely synthesized by sintering process under the vacuum. Rietveld refinement results of XRD patterns show the properties of continuous solid solution in TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x} over the whole composition range. The lattice parameters vary from 0.4324 nm to 0.4194 nm decreasing with increasing oxygen concentration. Results of first-principles calculations reveal that the disorder C/O structure is stable than the order C/O structure. Further investigations of the vacancy in Ti{sub 1−Va}(C{sub 1−x}O{sub x}){sub 1−Va} solid solution present that the structure of vacancy segregated in TiO-part is more stable than the disorder C/O structure, which can be ascribed to the Ti–Ti bond across O-vacancy and the charge redistributed around Ti-vacancy via the analysis of the electron density difference plots and PDOS. - Graphical abstract: XRD of series of titanium oxycarbides (TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x}, 0≤x≤1) solid solution prepared by adjusting the proportion of TiO in the starting material. Highlights: • Titanium oxycarbides were obtained by sintering TiO and TiC under carefully controlled conditions. • Rietveld refinement results show continuous solid solution with FCC structure in TiC{sub 1−x}O{sub x}. • The disorder C/O structure is stable than the order C/O structure. • Introduction of vacancy segregated in TiO-part is more stable than disorder C/O structure. • Ti–Ti bond across O-vacancy and the charge redistributed around Ti-vacancy enhance structural stability.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2013

Solid solution studies of layered honeycomb-ordered phases O₃–Na₃M₂SbO₆ (M=Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn)

Complete solid solutions with the composition Na₃M 2–x M´ x SbO₆ where M, M´=Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn have been synthesized by conventional solid state techniques and were investigated using X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and optical measurements. All compositions crystallize in a monoclinic unit cell and exhibit a layered structure with a honeycomb cationic ordering within the slabs. These compounds also exhibit Curie–Weiss behavior at high temperature and the magnetic moment values verify the presence of Cu²⁺ and/or Ni²⁺. The antiferromagnetic order of Na₃Ni₂SbO₆ is suppressed upon substitution of Ni²⁺ with Mg²⁺ or Zn²⁺. The spin gap observed in Na₃Cu₂SbO₆ is also suppressed by substitution of Cu²⁺ with Mg²⁺ or Zn²⁺. The Na₃Ni 2–x Cu x SbO₆ compositions follow an expected transition from an antiferromagnetic ordering to the spin gap of the copper end member. The estimated band gaps for these compounds have been determined from diffuse reflectance measurements. - Graphical abstract: Complete solid solutions with the composition Na₃M 2–x M´ x SbO₆ where M, M´=Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn have been synthesized using conventional solid state techniques and were investigated using X-ray diffraction, magnetism and optical measurements. Based on an ionic radii point of view the lattice parameter shifting in the composition containing copper are opposite of what would be expected. The Cu²⁺ is Jahn–Teller active which distorts the C2/m cell, increasing the β angle between the a and c parameters and explains this shifting pattern. Highlights: • The solid solutions O₃–Na₃M 2–x M´ x SbO₆(M, M´=Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn) were synthesized. • These compounds crystallize in the C2/m space group. • The Jahn–Teller active Cu²⁺ causes distortion of the monoclinic cell. • The Cu²⁺ spin gap magnetic properties are diluted upon 25% substitution. • All compositions are insulating and have large band gaps.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2018

Sol–Gel Synthesis and Distinctive Structural Features of Ce{sub x}Zr{sub 1–x}O{sub 2} Solid Solutions

We have synthesized Ce{sub x}Zr{sub 1–x}O{sub 2} solid solutions via the thermal decomposition of xerogels of different compositions prepared by drying appropriate hydrosols. The synthesized materials have been characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the solid solutions are formed at relatively low temperatures (450–600°C). The Ce{sub x}Zr{sub 1–x}O{sub 2} samples with x = 0.5–0.9 consist of a cubic solid solution. At a lower CeO{sub 2} content (x = 0.2), the material consists of a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phases.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

High temperature thermoelectric properties of the solid-solution zintl phase Eu₁₁Cd 6-x Zn x Sb₁₂

Solid-solution Zintl compounds with the formulaEu₁₁Cd 6-x Zn x Sb₁₂ have been synthesized from the elements as single crystals using a tin flux according to the stoichiometry Eu:Cd:Zn:Sb:Sn of 11:6–x p :x p :12:30 with x p = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, where x p is the preparative amount of Zn employed in the reaction. The crystal structures and the compositions were established by single-crystal as well as powder X-ray diffraction and wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis measurements. The title solid-solution Zintl compounds crystallize isostructurally in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C 2 /m (No. 12, Z = 2) as the Sr₁₁Cd₆Sb₁₂ structure type (Pearson symbol mC 58). There is a miscibility gap at 3 ≤ x p ≤ 4 where the major product crystallizes in a disordered structure related to the Ca₉Mn₄Bi₉ structure type; otherwise, for all other compositions, the Sr₁₁Cd₆Sb₁₂ structure is the majority phase. Eu₁₁Cd₆Sb₁₂ shows lower lattice thermal conductivity relative to Eu₁₁Zn₆Sb₁₂ consistent with its higher mean atomic weight, and as anticipated, the solid-solution samples of Eu₁₁Cd 6–x Zn x Sb₁₂ have effectively reduced lattice thermal conductivities relative to the end member compounds. Eu₁₁̣̣₀ (1) Cd₄̣̣₅ (2) Zn₁̣̣₅ (2) Sb₁₂̣̣₀ (1) exhibits the highest z T value of >0.5 at around 800 K which is twice as large as the end member compounds.

Kazem, Nasrin↗
DOE OSTI2013

Structure and magnetic interactions in the solid solution Ba{sub 3−x}Sr{sub x}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8}

Highlights: • We describe for the first time the preparation of single- and polycrystalline members of the solid solution Ba{sub 3−x}Sr{sub x}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8}. • We report on the structural changes in the solid solution at room temperature depending on the stoichiometry. • We describe the peculiar change of the magnetic behavior in the solid solution with the stoichiometry. - Abstract: Solid solutions of the magnetic insulators Ba{sub 3}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8} and Sr{sub 3}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8} (Ba{sub 3−x}Sr{sub x}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8}) have been prepared in polycrystalline form for the first time. Single crystalline material was obtained using a mirror image floating zone technique. X-ray diffraction data taken at room temperature indicate that the space group of Ba{sub 3−x}Sr{sub x}Cr{sub 2}O{sub 8} remains unchanged for all values of x, while the cell parameters depend on the chemical composition, as expected. Magnetization data, measured from 300 K down to 2 K, suggest that the interaction constant J{sub d} within the Cr{sup 5+} dimers varies in a peculiar way as a function of x, starting at J{sub d} = 25 K for x = 0, then first slightly dropping to J{sub d} = 18 K for x ≈ 0.75, before reaching J{sub d} = 62 K for x = 3.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2012

Heat capacity and neutron diffraction studies on the frustrated magnetic Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} [0{<=}x{<=}1] solid solution

The Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} [0{<=}x{<=}1] solid solution exhibits a complex magnetic behaviour due to the bond-frustration in its magnetic structure. Heat capacity measurements of the (x=0.1-0.5) phases show a three-dimensional magnetic ordering ({lambda} anomaly) that shifts to lower temperatures and becomes broader as the AsO{sub 4}{sup 3-} content increases. For x=0.75, no significant feature was observed whereas for higher arsenate ion content, x=0.9 and 1, a small maximum was detected. The magnetic structures of solid solution are consistent with the existence of predominant antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions through the |OH| and |XO{sub 4}| (X=P and As) groups between the Co{sup +2} ions. The substitution of PO{sub 4}{sup 3-} by AsO{sub 4}{sup 3-} anions by more than 90% substantially modifies the magnetic exchange pathways in the solid solution, leading to an incommensurate antiferromagnetic structure in Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} [x=0.9 and 1] phases. - Graphical abstract: Magnetic structures of Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} [0{<=}x{<=}1]. The ordering of the magnetic moments of Co{sup 2+} is in c direction for the two crystallographic positions (dimers and chains) in all compounds. The unit cell is surrounded by a red line. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Synthesis of a new adamite-type compounds, Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9) phases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Co{sub 2}(OH)(PO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(AsO{sub 4}){sub x} (0-1) solid solution; magnetic frustrated system. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer High resolution neutron powder diffraction to determine the crystal structures. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Incommensurate magnetic structures at low temperature. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Magnetostructural correlations in cobalt-based Co{sub 2}(OH)XO{sub 4} (X=P and As) insulation compounds.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2012

Synthesis and characterization of negative thermal expansion HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} solid solutions

Cubic HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} (c-HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2}) solid solutions, where x is up to 0.34, were synthesized using a process of acidic steam hydrothermal (ASH)-thermal dehydrating precursors. The process is studied detailedly. The results reveal tetragonal HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 7-x/2}(OH){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} precursors are synthesized after ASH treatment and they produce orthorhombic HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} in dehydrating. Then c-HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} are obtained at higher temperature. The crystal structures of c-HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} are characterized as {alpha}-HfW{sub 2}O{sub 8} and {beta}-HfW{sub 2}O{sub 8} structure for 0{<=}x{<=}0.30 and x=0.34, respectively. All the c-HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} show excellent negative thermal expansion property. The relationships between the properties, such as ordered degree parameter, crystal lattice parameter, phase transition temperature and linear average thermal expansion coefficient, and the V content are also discussed. - Graphical abstract: Novel c-HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} solid solutions were synthesized and all of them still show excellent negative thermal expansion property. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Novel cubic HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} solid solutions and their precursors were synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cubic HfW{sub 2-x}V{sub x}O{sub 8-x/2} solid solutions show excellent negative thermal expansion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The relationship between the properties of the samples and the V content is revealed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer x up to 0.34, a rare large solid solubility in aliovalent substitution.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗