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At least 145 records · Page 8

A direct approach to estimate the anisotropy of protein structures from small-angle X-ray scattering

In the field of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), the task of estimating the size of particles in solution is usually synonymous with the Guinier plot. The approximation behind this plot, developed by Guinier in 1939, provides a simple yet accurate characterization of the scattering behavior of particles at low scattering angle or momentum transfer q , together with a computationally efficient way of inferring their radii of gyration R G . Moreover, this approximation is valid beyond spherical scatterers, making its use ubiquitous in the SAXS world. However, when it is important to estimate further particle characteristics, such as the anisotropy of the scatterer's shape, no similar or extended approximations are available. Existing tools to characterize the shape of scatterers rely either on prior knowledge of the scatterers' geometry or on iterative procedures to infer the particle shape ab initio . In this work, a low-angle approximation of the scattering intensity I ( q ) for ellipsoids of revolution is developed and it is shown how the size and anisotropy information can be extracted from the parameters of that approximation. The goal of the approximation is not to estimate a particle's full structure in detail, and thus this approach will be less accurate than well known iterative and ab initio reconstruction tools available in the literature. However, it can be considered as an extension of the Guinier approximation and used to generate initial estimates for the aforementioned iterative techniques, which usually rely on R G and D max for initialization. This formulation also demonstrates that nonlinearity in the Guinier plot can arise from anisotropy in the scattering particles. Beyond ideal ellipsoids of revolution, it is shown that this approximation can be used to estimate the size and shape of molecules in solution, in both computational and experimental scenarios. The limits of the approach are discussed and the impact of a particle's anisotropy in the Guinier estimate of R G is assessed.

catalysis (homogeneous), catalysis (heterogeneous)↗

Protein structure determination by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing of X-ray free-electron laser data

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) offers unprecedented possibilities for macromolecular structure determination of systems that are prone to radiation damage. However, phasing XFEL data de novo is complicated by the inherent inaccuracy of SFX data, and only a few successful examples, mostly based on exceedingly strong anomalous or isomorphous difference signals, have been reported. Here, it is shown that SFX data from thaumatin microcrystals can be successfully phased using only the weak anomalous scattering from the endogenous S atoms. Furthermore, a step-by-step investigation is presented of the particular problems of SAD phasing of SFX data, analysing data from a derivative with a strong anomalous signal as well as the weak signal from endogenous S atoms.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Solving protein structure from sparse serial microcrystal diffraction data at a storage ring synchrotron source

This dataset consists of 79,992 diffraction patterns stored in cbf format. A step-by-step tutorial on the reconstruction of the Bragg intensities using the EMC algorithm (Loh & Elser 2009) is described [here](https://github.com/tl578/EMC-for-SMX/wiki). We thank the authors of Martin-Garcia et al. (2017) for their gracious access to the data. Reduced data files: For those who would like to try an EMC reconstruction immediately, the data reduction step can be skipped by downloading the reduced data files provided by us. See [here](https://github.com/tl578/EMC-for-SMX/wiki/Data-reduction#skipping-data-reduction) for more details.

23-ID-D↗