Neuronal fibrous proteins - A review based on two NRP conferences
Abstracts on neuronal fibrous proteins
Samson, F. E., Jr.↗
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Results for “neuron”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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The reaction of single neurons in the auditory region of the cerebral cortex in cats to an adequate stimulation of the vestibular apparatus
Electrophysiological response of auditory neurons in cat brain to vestibular stimulation
Kutateladze, M. G.↗
Activity of individual neurons in the reticular formation of the medulla oblongata /n. gigantocellularis/ in cats during rocking
Neurons reaction in reticular formation of cats during rocking
Merabishvili, N. V.↗
The cerebellovestibular interaction in the cat's vestibular nuclei neurons
Postsynaptic effects of vestibular and cerebellar impulses in vestibular nuclei neurons of cat
Ito, M.↗
Central neuron initiation of periodic gill movements
Aplysias periodic spontaneous gill movements controlled by central neuron activity in abdominal ganglion
Peretz, B.↗
Firing of neuron pairs in cat association cortex during sleep and wakefulness
Neuron pairs discharge sequence temporal correlation in cats association cortex during natural sleep and wakefulness
Adey, W. R.↗
Participation of central noradrenergic neurons in arterial baroreceptor reflexes in the rabbit
Arterial baroreceptor reflex action in rabbits, noting central noradrenergic neuron participation
Chalmers, J. P.↗
Invariant imbedding and a matrix integral equation of neuronal networks.
A matrix Fredholm integral equation of neuronal networks is transformed into a Cauchy system suited for numerical and analytical studies. A special case is discussed, and a connection with the classical renewal integral equation of stochastic point processes is presented.
Kalaba, R.↗
Use of Lorente de No's neuron circuit model for describing acceleratory nystagmus
Results of a previous metric analysis and an electronic simulation of acceleratory nystagmus are given. On this basis, a tentative mathematical model for describing acceleratory nystagmus is reported. The essential content of the model is Lorente de No's neuron circuit, to which the two-factor theory of excitation has been applied.
Valentinuzzi, M.↗
Further investigation of the spontaneous and evoked activity of the primary neurons of statoreceptors (and other receptors) of the labyrinth of the bullfrog before, during and after an extended period of weightlessness, including alternative intervals of artificial gravity
Vestibular neuron activity was examined by studying nerve stimulation and evoked response. A cooling element, applied to the nerve consisted of a silver hook through which a coolant fluid flowed. Temperature changes were recorded via microtermistors on an eight channel brush recorder, together with response. Diffusion of the cooling effect was measured, recovery time was assessed, and the nerve was then studied hystologically and ultrastructurally. Problems in frog preparation were discussed along with problems in maintaining healthy specimens and bacteria controlled aquaria.
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RNA content in motor and sensory neurons and surrounding neuroglia of mouse spinal cord under conditions of hypodynamia and following normalization
The differences in the dynamics of reparative processes in RNA metabolism within the neuron-neuroglia unit after the cessation of hyper- and hypodynamia is dicussed. The role of neuroglia is stressed in compensatory, reparative and trophic processes in the nervous system as well as the possibility in an adaptation at the cellular level.
Brumberg, V. A.↗
Timing of neuron development in the rodent vestibular system
The timing of cell generation (onset and duration) in the developing rat vestibular and proprioceptive systems is investigated. The results clearly indicate a defined time-span for generation of all neurons in the central nervous system nuclei studied. This cytogenetic period in both vestibular and proprioceptive sensory nuclei is determined to occur during and immediately after placentation, a potentially critical period for spaceflight exposure due to alterations in maternal physiology.
Keefe, J. R.↗
Neuronal plasticity in relation to long-duration spaceflight
Exposure to microgravity leads to a marked reduction in sensory-motor stimuli to the vestibular, proprioceptive and somatosensory systems. Long-duration missions, such as those proposed for a trip to Mars, may lead to significant changes in neural function. This paper presents results based on studies of sensory deafferentation of specific brain regions and detailed changes which occur in neuronal architecture. Data from these studies emphasize the need for further research related to sensory system deprivation and the development of new unique countermeasures for long-duration space flight.
Hillman, Dean E.↗
Fuzzy operators and cyclic behavior in formal neuronal networks
Formal neuronal networks (FNN), which are comprised of threshold gates, make use of the unit step function. It is regarded as a degenerated distribution function (DDF) and will be referred to here as a non-fuzzy threshold operator (nFTO). Special networks of this kind generating long cycles of states are modified by introduction of fuzzy threshold operators (FTO), i.e., non-degenerated distribution functions (nDDF). The cyclic behavior of the new nets is compared with the original ones. The interconnection matrix and threshold values are not modified. It is concluded that the original long cycles change the fixed points and short cycles, and as the computer simulations demonstrate, the aperiodic motion that is associated with chaotic behavior appears. The emergence of the above changes depend on the steepness of the threshold operators.
Labos, E.↗
GaAs optoelectronic neuron arrays
A simple optoelectronic circuit integrated monolithically in GaAs to implement sigmoidal neuron responses is presented. The circuit integrates a light-emitting diode with one or two transistors and one or two photodetectors. The design considerations for building arrays with densities of up to 10,000/sq cm are discussed.
Lin, Steven↗
Adaptive Neuron Model: An architecture for the rapid learning of nonlinear topological transformations
A method for the rapid learning of nonlinear mappings and topological transformations using a dynamically reconfigurable artificial neural network is presented. This fully-recurrent Adaptive Neuron Model (ANM) network was applied to the highly degenerate inverse kinematics problem in robotics, and its performance evaluation is bench-marked. Once trained, the resulting neuromorphic architecture was implemented in custom analog neural network hardware and the parameters capturing the functional transformation downloaded onto the system. This neuroprocessor, capable of 10(exp 9) ops/sec, was interfaced directly to a three degree of freedom Heathkit robotic manipulator. Calculation of the hardware feed-forward pass for this mapping was benchmarked at approximately 10 microsec.
Tawel, Raoul↗
Effect of 670-nm Light-Emitting Diode Light On Neuronal Cultures
Light close to and within the near infrared range has documented benefits for promoting wound healing in human and animal studies. Our preliminary results using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in this range have also demonstrated two-to five-fold increases in growth-phase-specific DNA synthesis in normal fibroblasts, muscle cells, osteoblasts, and mucosal epithelial cells in tissue cultures. However, the mechanisms of action of such light on cells are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of such light result from the stimulation of cellular events associated with increases in cytochrome oxidase activity. As a first step in testing our hypothesis, we subjected primary neuronal cultures to impulse blockade by tetrodotoxin (TTX), a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker, and applied LED light at 670 nm to determine if it could partially or fully reverse the reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity by TTX. The wavelength and parameters were previously tested to be beneficial for wound healing.
Wong-Riley, Margaret T. T.↗
Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells
The present investigation details the development of model systems for growing two- and three-dimensional human neural progenitor cells within a culture medium facilitated by a time-varying electromagnetic field (TVEMF). The cells and culture medium are contained within a two- or three-dimensional culture vessel, and the electromagnetic field is emitted from an electrode or coil. These studies further provide methods to promote neural tissue regeneration by means of culturing the neural cells in either configuration. Grown in two dimensions, neuronal cells extended longitudinally, forming tissue strands extending axially along and within electrodes comprising electrically conductive channels or guides through which a time-varying electrical current was conducted. In the three-dimensional aspect, exposure to TVEMF resulted in the development of three-dimensional aggregates, which emulated organized neural tissues. In both experimental configurations, the proliferation rate of the TVEMF cells was 2.5 to 4.0 times the rate of the non-waveform cells. Each of the experimental embodiments resulted in similar molecular genetic changes regarding the growth potential of the tissues as measured by gene chip analyses, which measured more than 10,000 human genes simultaneously.
Goodwin, Thomas J.↗