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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

A study of KC-135 aircraft antenna patterns

Numerical solutions for the radiation patterns of aircraft antennas provide and excellent means of designing and locating antennas in order to achieve the desired performance. The high frequency solutions presented in this paper are based on fuselage antennas mounted on a general-type aircraft but applied specifically to the KC-135 aircraft. The roll and elevation plane patterns are computed for a monopole, axial slot, and circumferential slot mounted both over and forward of the wings. In each case the calculated patterns compare very favorably with the measured patterns. The precision pattern measurements were taken on a 1/25 scale model of the KC-135 aircraft at NASA (Hampton, Va.) with special emphasis on reducing the mount and background effects.

Burnside, W. D.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles

The mutual impedance expressions for parallel dipoles in terms of sine-integrals and cosine-integrals have been published by King (1957). The investigation reported provides analogous expressions for nonparallel dipoles. The expressions presented are most useful when the monopoles are close together. The theory of moment methods shows an approach for employing the mutual impedance of filamentary sinusoidal dipoles to calculate the impedance and scattering properties of straight and bent wires with small but finite diameter.

Richmond, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Prevention of design flaws in multicomputer systems

Report summarizes research on failure mode analysis for multicomputer systems where two or more computers may serve as redundant set. Failure modes such as data bus monopolization, shutdown due to transients, loss of control system equalization, memory alteration, and software errors are discussed.

Romberg, J. M.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Measurements of farfield sound generation from a flow-excited cavity

Results of 1/3-octave-band spectral measurements of internal pressures and the external acoustic field of a tangentially blown rectangular cavity are compared. Proposed mechanisms for sound generation are reviewed, and spectra and directivity plots of cavity noise are presented. Directivity plots show a slightly modified monopole pattern. Frequencies of cavity response are calculated using existing predictions and are compared with those obtained experimentally. The effect of modifying the upstream boundary layer on the noise was investigated, and its effectiveness was found to be a function of cavity geometry and flow velocity.

Block, P. J. W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A radio altimeter antenna for a planetary probe

The design of a 400 MHz directional radio altimeter antenna for use in a freely falling probe in a planetary atmosphere is described. It is required that the antenna be physically large to exploit the dependence of the return power on the square of the wavelength. The antenna must be deployable so that it can be stowed behind the heat shield during the phase of atmospheric penetration. The electrical requirement, imposed by the power available and the system noise, is that the gain in the direction of the probe be at least 3 dB over a dipole. The altimeter application imposes the requirement of linear polarization. Dipole elements are impractical because of the proximity of the heat shield, hence monopole elements using the heat shield as an integral part (the ground plane) of the antenna are used. A parasitic element is placed behind the driven element to increase both the front-to-back ratio and the directive gain. The antenna which has been selected has a gain of 4 dB over a dipole, a front-to-back ratio of 8 dB, and a -6 dB beam angle of 34 degrees. Experiments for evaluating the effects of element spacing, length, and tilt angle with respect to the probe axis were conducted on a 1/25 scale model of the antenna at 10 GHz, and impedance measurements were performed on a full scale antenna at 400 MHz.

Beyer, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Aircraft measurement of radio frequency noise at 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz and 406 MHz

An airborne survey measurement of terrestrial radio-frequency noise over U.S. metropolitan areas was carried out at 121.5, 243 and 406 MHz with horizontal-polarization monopole antennas. Flights were at 25,000 feet altitude. Radio-noise measurements, expressed in equivalent antenna-noise temperature, indicate a steady-background noise temperature of 572,000 K, at 121.5 MHz, during daylight over New York City. This data is helpful in compiling radio-noise temperature maps; in turn useful for designing satellite-aided, emergency-distress search and rescue communication systems.

Taylor, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Propagation of sound waves through a linear shear layer: A closed form solution

Closed form solutions are presented for sound propagation from a line source in or near a shear layer. The analysis was exact for all frequencies and was developed assuming a linear velocity profile in the shear layer. This assumption allowed the solution to be expressed in terms of parabolic cyclinder functions. The solution is presented for a line monopole source first embedded in the uniform flow and then in the shear layer. Solutions are also discussed for certain types of dipole and quadrupole sources. Asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions for small and large values of Strouhal number gave expressions which correspond to solutions previously obtained for these limiting cases.

Scott, J. N.↗
NASA NTRS1978

A ring-source model for jet noise

A model consisting of two ring sources was developed to study the direct radiation of jet noise in terms of correlation, coherence, and phase and also to aid in solving the inverse radiation problem of determining the noise source in terms of far-field measurements. The rings consist of discrete sources which are either monopoles or quadrupoles with Gaussian profiles. Only adjacent sources, both within the rings and between rings, are correlated. Results show that from the far-field information can be used to determine when the sources are compact or noncompact with respect to the acoustic wavelength and to distinguish between the types of sources. In addition, from the inverse radiation approach, the center of mass, the location and separation distance of the ring, and the diameters can be recovered.

Maestrello, L.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Planetary radio astronomy receiver

The planetary radio astronomy (PRA) experiment on the Voyager spacecraft will measure the amplitude, spectrum, time variations, and polarization of radio emissions over a frequency range of 1.2 kHz to 40.5 MHz with the aid of the PRA receiver (PRAR) and two 10-m orthogonal monopoles. Sensitivity and dynamic range will allow observation of a wide range of Jovian emissions from near earth to encounter. This paper describes the system elements, including the preamp/attenuator/calibrator, the LF polarization discriminator, the four LF-IF amplifier stages, the HF polarization discriminator, the translation LO, the log-IF and detector, the frequency synthesizer, the data processor, control system, power supply, and antennas.

Lang, G. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Propagation of sound waves through a linear shear layer - A closed form solution

Closed form solutions are presented for sound propagation from a line source in or near a shear layer. The analysis is exact for all frequencies and is developed assuming a linear velocity profile in the shear layer. This assumption allows the solution to be expressed in terms of parabolic cylinder functions. The solution is presented for a line monopole source first embedded in the uniform flow and then in the shear layer. Solutions are also discussed for certain types of dipole and quadrupole sources. Asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions for small and large values of Strouhal number give expressions which correspond to solutions previously obtained for these limiting cases.

Scott, J. N.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Orbital topography and other astrophysical consequences of Rosen's bimetric theory of gravity

Since Rosen's bimetric theory of gravity provides at present a worthy devil's advocate for the black hole hypothesis, it is important for eventual observational work to elaborate the astrophysical consequences and possibilities peculiar to it. This work is begun by deriving the orbital topography of the spherically symmetric solution to Rosen's field equations - which is relevant to the behavior of relativistic axisymmetric accretion flows - and calculating predicted accretion disk efficiencies, which can be as much as 2.5 times higher than for a disk in Schwarzschild. Thereafter, a brief treatment of the shortest kinematic time scale and the time dilations for in-falling material is given. Finally it is shown that Birkhoff's theorem does not hold in Rosen's theory, and, therefore, that genuine gravitational monopole radiation is possible. The energy it carries, however, is not positive definite.

Stoeger, W. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Point source moving above a finite impedance reflecting plane - Experiment and theory

A widely used experimental version of the acoustic monopole consists of an acoustic driver of restricted opening forced by a discrete frequency oscillator. To investigate the effects of forward motion on this source, it was mounted above an automobile and driven over an asphalt surface at constant speed past a microphone array. The shapes of the received signal were compared to results computed from an analysis of a fluctuating-mass-type point source moving above a finite impedance reflecting plane. Good agreement was found between experiment and theory when a complex normal impedance representative of a fairly hard acoustic surface was used in the analysis.

Norum, T. D.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Aircraft measurement of radio frequency noise at 121.5 MHz, 243MHz and 406MHz

An airborne survey measurement of terrestrial radio-frequency noise over U.S. metropolitan areas has been made at 121.5, 243 and 406 MHz with horizontal-polarization monopole antennas. Flights were at 25,000 feet altitude during the period from December 30, 1976 to January 8, 1977. Radio-noise measurements, expressed in equivalent antenna-noise temperature, indicate a steady-background noise temperature of 572,000 K, at 121.5 MHz, during daylight over New York City. This data is helpful in compiling radio-noise temperature maps; in turn useful for designing satellite-aided, emergency-distress search and rescue communication systems.

Taylor, R. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Measurements of acoustic sources in motion

Results of the far-field pressures measured from three different types of moving sources are presented. These acoustic sources consist of a point monopole, a small model jet, and an aircraft. Results for the pressure time history produced by the point source show good agreement with those predicted analytically. Both actual and simulated forward motion of the model jet show reductions in noise levels with forward speed at all angles between the source and observer. Measurement with the aircraft over both an anechoic floor and over the ground yields a method for evaluating the transfer function for ground reflections at various angles between the moving aircraft and measurement position.

Maestrello, L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Attenuation of sound in a low Mach number nozzle flow

The energy conversion mechanisms which govern the emission of low frequency sound from an axisymmetric jet pipe of arbitrary nozzle contraction ratio in the case of low Mach number nozzle flow are discussed. The energy of the incident sound which flows through the nozzle is used to maintain two distinct characteristic disturbances in the exterior fluid. First, there is the emitted radiation which has the directivity equivalent to that of a monopole-dipole combination. Second, essentially incompressible vortex waves are induced on the jet by vortex shedding from the lip of the nozzle and may involve the excitation of instability modes. Two linearized analytical models are examined to determine the partition of the emitted energy between the radiation field and the vortex waves. One of these is an exact linear theory in which the jet boundary is treated as a vortex sheet. The second model assumes that the width of the mean shear layer of the jet cannot be neglected. The results are discussed with reference to recent nozzle attenuation measurements.

Howe, M. S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Observable phase factors and symmetry of electric and magnetic charges

The observable phase factor is taken as a basic concept for the description of electromagnetism. Generalization of this concept to SU(2) and SU(2) x U(1) groups is carried out in such a way that the monopoles with quantized charges appear naturally and that the symmetry between the electric and magnetic phenomena is preserved. Some physical implications are discussed.

Hsu, J. P.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Radiation of an acoustic source near the trailing edge of a wing in forward motion

The acoustic sources simulating engine or jet noise are located near the trailing edge. During landing or take-off operations the flap angle is not small. Solutions for the scattering of the acoustic sources, monopoles, dipoles or quadrupoles, by the wing with the flap at finite angle are constructed for the case that the acoustic wave length is much larger than the length of the flap but may be of the same order as the chord. For each given geometry of the flap and the position of the singularities, critical orientations of the dipoles and the quadrupoles are defined along which the noise becomes 'suppressed', i.e., the far field pressure becomes one order smaller.

Ting, L.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Attenuation of sound in a low Mach number nozzle flow

This paper examines the energy conversion mechanisms which govern the emission of low frequency sound from an axisymmetric jet pipe of arbitrary nozzle contraction ratio in the case of low Mach number nozzle flow. The incident acoustic energy which escapes from the nozzle is partitioned between two distinct disturbances in the exterior fluid. The first of these is the free-space radiation, whose directivity is equivalent to that produced by monopole and dipole sources. Second, essentially incompressible vortex waves are excited by the shedding of vorticity from the nozzle lip, and may be associated with the large-scale instabilities of the jet. Two linearized theoretical models are discussed. One of these is an exact linear theory in which the boundary of the jet is treated as an unstable vortex sheet. The second assumes that the finite width of the mean shear layer of the real jet cannot be neglected. The analytical results are shown to compare favourably with recent attenuation measurements.

Howe, M. S.↗