Application and communication platform for smart grid automation
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24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
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Considerations for Developing a Regulatory Roadmap for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Integration in Colombia
The USAID-NREL Partnership in Colombia, in conjunction with SURE and USEA, selected four action plan teams from the Young Professionals Leadership Program to receive tailored NREL technical assistance to support action plan implementation. The four plans selected represent various aspects associated with planning for the efficient integration of DERs, including electric mobility, residential and commercial energy applications, distributed generation modeling, and regulatory considerations. In response to national grid modernization, decentralization, digitalization, and electrification trends, CREG is looking to update Colombia's electric distribution code, with an emphasis on the integration of electric vehicles and charging stations, but also energy storage systems, non-conventional sources of renewable energy, and other distributed energy resources (DERs). CREG aims to establish the general steps that must be carried out to update the distribution code for the integration of DERs, with a view to the design and development of new markets. The objective of the TA provided to CREG was to support them in identifying and outlining the general processes and approaches to consider when updating Colombia's distribution code for the integration of electric vehicles, distributed renewable energy systems, and energy storage systems, with a view to the design and development of new markets.
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Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Consequence Assessment
With consumers’ growing interest in electric vehicles, extreme fast charging stations are poised to provide high-power charging to rapidly recharge light-duty passenger vehicles. High-power charging requires high-level communication between vehicle and charger to govern the charging process. The coupling of power and communication increases the potential scale of cyberattacks. Using a full Western Electricity Coordinating Council planning model, load manipulation from high-power charging infrastructure is investigated. Two cases of load manipulation are studied: (i) a discrete, widespread system event and (ii) loads modulated near the Western Interconnect’s resonant frequency. In (i) some generation trips and in (ii) oscillations are observed on the California Oregon Intertie. Neither scenario results in significant adverse effects to the grid.
33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
Citadels Final Report (GMLC 2.2.1: Citadels)
This is the final project report for the Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC) Resilient Distribution System (RDS) Citadels project. The primary goal of this GMLC project was to increase the operational flexibly of power systems by engaging microgrids distributedly, coordinated using consensus algorithms. The primary goal was successfully achieved. The primary goal was divided into three areas: Implement peer-to-peer control between microgrid controllers using the Open Field Message Bus (OpenFMB) approach; Develop and implement consensus algorithms on commercially available hardware that allows a group of microgrids to distributedly implement operational controls; Develop the architectures and controls to enable groups of microgrids to coordinate their operations to support the bulk power system during abnormal events, and end-use loads in the event the bulk power systems fail.
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Nova Analysis: Holistically Valuing the Contributions of Residential Efficiency, Solar and Storage
Policies to address climate change and grid modernization, in combination with cost reductions and technological advancements in energy efficiency (EE) and distributed energy resources (DER), are driving rapid deployment of building electrification and energy efficiency retrofits, rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV), smart thermostats, smart water heaters, and battery energy storage. In residential buildings, there are multiple stakeholders (occupant, utility, aggregator, society at large) that are each focused on different value streams. This project uses a suite of metrics intended to all of these value streams to try to holistically analyze the benefits that come from solar, storage, and energy efficiency. To demonstrate the value of these metrics, a semi annual study was performed simulating hundreds of homes across the U.S. under several different upgrade scenarios.
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Achieving Cooperative Community Equitable Solar Sources (ACCESS) (Final Technical Report)
Since 2011, solar has grown from a niche technology to a widely accessible source of power for homes and businesses across the United States and has become a fundamental part of the modern grid. There are still challenges, however, in learning how to integrate and use PV most effectively and how to make PV universally available. Most low- and moderate-income (LMI) customers cannot currently afford PV; capital costs and financing costs are too high to drive significant penetration. Providing access to LMI individuals and communities is a critical and immediate priority, and the focus of this project. The overall objective of the Achieving Cooperative Community Equitable Solar Sources (ACCESS) project is to explore and amplify the use of innovative, cost-effective energy access programs to serve co-ops’ LMI members1. ACCESS will research at least three financing mechanisms and at least six LMI program designs including LMI engagement strategies to maximize participation for these hard-to-reach audiences. ACCESS evaluated the financial mechanisms and program designs from field tests sited at diverse co-ops that provide recognizable models for the broader co-op community to identify optimal solutions for small utilities. The research with these cooperatives allowed testing of concepts and development of models and tools for other utilities to adapt to their own program designs and expansions. ACCESS published results and developed an “ACCESS Solar Access Toolkit” consisting of program designs, LMI engagement strategies, how-to guidance, and other tools to facilitate replication at small utilities across the country. Through the dissemination practices of the ACCESS project team, all NRECA member co-ops (~900) were made aware of the “ACCESS Solar Access Toolkit” and all other ACCESS resources. NRECA and its partners developed innovations to expand co-ops’ solar energy offerings to provide all of a co-op’s members—especially those who struggle to pay their bills—with cost-effective options that meet their needs. ACCESS specifically explored utility financing mechanisms and program designs that, independently or used in combination, increase solar access for rural electric cooperatives’ LMI members/ratepayers and that reduce LMI member/ratepayers’ electricity costs by at least 10%. LMI engagement strategies focused on maximizing the number of members who receive benefits and on the cost savings to LMI participants.
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Energy Resilience for Mission Assurance: Case Study Scoping Document
The Energy Resilience for Mission Assurance (ERMA) project—a Department of Energy Grid Modernization Lab Consortium effort carried out via a partnership among five national laboratories— seeks to develop metrics to quantify how improvements to energy system resilience translate to improved Department of Defense (DoD) mission assurance (MA) during wide-scale, long-duration outages of the bulk power system. DoD missions are integral to national security and highly dependent on electric power. However, energy system planners—both civilian and military—lack a clear and quantifiable mapping between electric power system resilience and MA, leaving a gap in their ability to understand and consider national security outcomes within their planning efforts. The ERMA project seeks to fill this gap, providing stakeholders with new capabilities to understand the impact of electric power system resilience on MA during hazard scenarios.
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Energy Storage Participation Algorithm Competition Overview: Market simulation, divisions, stages, storage attributes, and scoring
The Energy Storage Participation Algorithm Competition (ESPA-Comp) aims to assess the performance of participants’ battery storage offer algorithms on their ability to maximize the value of battery storage resources under three different market designs: two-settlement, multi-settlement, and rolling horizon forward markets. This document describes the overall design of the competition at a high level.
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Selection of Global Climate Model Data for Downscaling With Generative Machine Learning and Use in the Power Planning for Alignment of Climate and Energy Systems Project
The range of results from climate models and scenarios is important to the understanding of uncertainty in power planning analysis. A U.S. Department of Energy-funded analytic project called Power Planning for Alignment of Climate and Energy Systems is developing data and analytic methods to reflect the effects of climate change on key variables for power system planning, as part of the Grid Modernization Lab Consortium. This project will select and prepare global climate model results for use in power system planning models. A related report (Evaluation of Global Climate Models for Use in Energy Analysis) assesses the performance of various global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 data archive for their historical skill with respect to energy system performance and for their future projections under multiple climate change scenarios. Building from that report, we describe the selection of a climate scenario (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway [SSP] 2-4.5) and five climate models: TaiESM1, EC-Earth3-CC, GFDL-CM4, EC-Earth3-Veg, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR. We describe the model selection criteria, which were based on the quality of the match between model results under historical conditions and on the representation of the range of future values for several variables. These results will be downscaled via an open-source generative machine learning method called Super-Resolution for Renewable Energy Resource Data with Climate Change Impacts.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Clean Air as a Bonus for Achieving Energy-Related State Goals: A Review of Policies and Programs in 15 States
This report explores connections between six common areas for state action on energy-related issues — resilience, economic development, energy affordability, electrifying transportation, grid modernization, and using local resources — and reducing air emissions. Although clean air often is not a driver for such state actions, they nonetheless reduce a variety of emissions, including particulates, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. The study spans 15 geographically diverse states: Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Utah. While these states have not adopted mandatory climate goals, they conduct a wide range of energy-related activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants as a side benefit.
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
Electrification 2021 Annual Progress Report
During fiscal year 2021 (FY 2021), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO) funded early-stage research, development, demonstration, & deployment (RDD&D) projects that address Batteries and Electrification of the U.S. transportation sector. The VTO Electrification Sub-Program is composed of Electric Drive Technologies, and Grid Integration activities. The Electric Drive Technologies group conducts R&D projects that advance electric motors and power electronics technologies. The Grid and Charging Infrastructure group conducts R&D projects that advance grid modernization and electric vehicle charging technologies. This document presents a brief overview of the Electrification Sub-Program and progress reports for its R&D projects. Each of the progress reports provide a project overview and highlights of the technical results that were accomplished in fiscal year (FY) 2021.
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From Quantum to Classical: Sensing Materials, Methods, and Platforms for Energy
This presentation covers several ongoing sensors projects at NETL, including the use of quantum sensors for energy sector applications (e.g. infrastructure monitoring, critical metal detection, grid modernization) as well as NETL-developed materials and platforms for detecting economically critical metals including rare earth elements, cobalt, and aluminum. Taken together, these projects demonstrate NETL's leadership in unleashing American energy through the development of high performance sensors for reliable energy production and consumption.
critical minerals↗
Integrated Distribution Planning
The contemporary distribution planning landscape is comprised of an increasing number of factors that require integration into the engineering of the modern electric grid. Expectations for electric utilities to accommodate heightened awareness of stakeholders' interest in things like decarbonization, resilience and equity are growing. As these interests are formed into objectives, many jurisdictions will experience increasing levels of load modifying technologies like DER, building and industrial electrification and electric vehicles which prove not only to challenge the capabilities of the grid; but the processes by which planning for it is traditionally done. Other related factors that strain the conventional distribution planning mold are the swelling amount and sources of data associated with these technologies and the need it creates for improved capabilities in the processes and tools that manage it. As the complexity of the distribution system expands, so will the distribution system's effects on the transmission and generation systems that it is a part of. Forecasting distribution system load and DER are examples of areas where this complexity will manifest, and harmonizing distribution forecasting with transmission and generation forecasting requires higher amounts of intentionality as these typically separate processes become a solitary one. Of course, core activities do not cease as a utility begins to integrate these other factors, and in this webinar we explore specifics of how distribution planning can be expected to evolve as progress towards Integrated Distribution System Planning is made.
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Commercialization of Pumped Storage Hydropower Technologies
Argonne National Laboratory and the National Laboratory of the Rockies were tasked by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Water Power Technology Office (WPTO) to conduct the Commercialization of Pumped Storage Hydropower Technologies study to investigate commercialization challenges faced by developers of pumped storage hydropower (PSH) projects and technologies by going beyond literature review to gather direct industry insights, lessons learned and best practices from interviews and webinars with industry specialists to create this report for PSH stakeholders and the general public. Researchers explored key challenges faced by PSH developers and innovators seeking to commercialize new technologies to improve PSH design, siting, construction, and operations. Along with highlighting challenges, the study sought to identify the best practices in developing and deploying new PSH projects and innovations. This report is designed to present insights, lessons learned, and best practices relevant to those with an interest in highlighting, informing, or advancing these PSH commercialization efforts. Along with highlighting challenges and best practices, the study sought to identify avenues by which DOE and national laboratories can help support and streamline PSH commercialization and project development processes.
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Adaptable Standards for Discovery, Access, and Usability of Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Data Portals and Catalogs
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is leveraging its established capabilities and subject matter expertise in data curation, governance, management, national security, and risk assessment and mitigation to support the US Department of Energy (DOE) Grid Modernization Initiative. Using standards modeled by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Data Curation Network (DCN), the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), and other leading organizations in the fields of energy research, high-performance computing, and national and homeland security, ORNL seeks to provide a federated approach to research data discovery, use, and interoperability.
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Battery Energy Storage Systems Report
Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are a critical component of grid reliability and resilience today, providing rapid response capabilities while enabling grid modernization and capacity expansion across the United States. As utilities, communities, and customers prepare to deploy significant BESS capacity over the next several years, the United States has an opportunity to build security into battery system design and deployments. This report provides a framework for assessing the current dominance of foreign-manufactured components in the supply chains for BESS, inverter-based resources, and transformers. It offers high-impact, actionable solutions to service partners, industry, and government to address supply chain risks for currently installed, in design, and future deployments.
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Modular Staged Pressurized Oxy-Combustion (SPOC) Power Plant for Coal and Biomass – Integration of Combustor Boiler and DCC
Critical to the future of power generation is the development of a power plant that will be capable of flexible operation to meet the needs of the modern grid, providing resilient, low-emissions power to a grid that is increasingly seeing a large penetration of intermittent wind and solar. The modular Staged, Pressurized Oxy-Combustion (SPOC) process envisioned by and under development at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) has the potential to achieve these goals. The process offers: 1) a modular plant design for improved operational flexibility; 2) fuel-staging combined with pressurized oxy-combustion, which leads to smaller plant size, higher plant efficiency, and lower cost for pollutant and greenhouse gas removal compared with traditional carbon-capture equipped coal power plants; and 3) small modular boilers and pollutant removal units that can be fabricated in shop and assembled on site, further reducing plant capital costs. Under DOE's support (DE-FE0031925), WUSTL is advancing the development of the critical components for the SPOC power plant, including the integrated combustion system and the direct contact cooler (DCC) from Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 to TRL-5, which would allow these technologies to be subsequently incorporated into a pilot plant. This talk will present an overview of the SPOC technology, CFD modeling and validation for burner and boiler development, and recent results to evaluate critical components for system integration needed to advance its TRL.
Magalhaes, Duarte↗
Development of the Modular Staged Pressurized Oxy-Combustion (SPOC) Power Plant for Coal and Biomass
Critical to the future of power generation is the development of a power plant that will be capable of flexible operation to meet the needs of the modern grid, providing resilient, low-emissions power to a grid that is increasingly seeing a large penetration of intermittent wind and solar. The modular Staged, Pressurized Oxy-Combustion (SPOC) process envisioned by and under development at Washington University in St. Louis (WUSTL) has the potential to achieve these goals. The process offers: 1) a modular plant design for improved operational flexibility; 2) fuel-staging combined with pressurized oxy-combustion, which leads to smaller plant size, higher plant efficiency, and lower cost for pollutant and greenhouse gases removal compared with traditional carbon-capture equipped coal power plants; and 3) small modular boilers and pollutant removal units that can be fabricated in shop and assembled on site, further reducing plant capital costs. Under DOE's support (DE-FE0031925), WUSTL is advancing the development of the critical components for the SPOC power plant, including the integrated combustion system and the direct contact cooler (DCC) from Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 4 to TRL-5, which would allow these technologies to be subsequently incorporated into a pilot plant. This talk will present an overview of the SPOC technology, CFD modeling and validation for burner and boiler development, and recent results to evaluate critical components needed to advance its TRL.
Magalhaes, Duarte↗