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At least 145 records · Page 8

Application of Sequential Design of Experiments (SDoE) to Large Pilot-Scale Solvent-Based CO2 Capture Process at Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM)

The United States Department of Energy’s Carbon Capture Simulation for Industry Impact (CCSI2) program has developed a framework for sequential design of experiments (SDoE) that aims to maximize knowledge gained from budget- and schedule-limited pilot scale testing. SDoE was applied to the planning and execution of campaigns for testing CO2 capture systems at pilot-scale in order to optimally allocate resources available for the testing. In this methodology, a stochastic process model is developed by quantifying the parametric uncertainty in submodels of interest; for a solvent-based CO2 capture system, these may include physical properties and equipment performance submodels (e.g., mass transfer, interfacial area). This uncertainty is propagated through the full process model, over variable operating conditions, for estimating the resulting uncertainty in key model outputs (e.g., percentage of CO2 capture, solvent regeneration energy requirement). In developing a data collection plan, the predicted output uncertainty is incorporated into an algorithm that seeks simultaneously to select process operating conditions for which the predicted uncertainty is relatively high and to ensure that the entire space of operation is well represented. This test plan is then used to guide operation of the pilot plant at varying steady-state conditions, with resulting process data incorporated into the existing model using Bayesian inference to refine parameter distributions. The updated stochastic model, with reduced parametric uncertainty from data collected, is then used to guide additional data collection, thus the sequential nature of the experimental design. The SDoE process was implemented at the pilot test unit (12 MWe in scale) at Norway’s Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) in a summer 2018 test campaign with aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA). During the test campaign, the varied operating conditions included the flowrates of circulated solvent, flue gas, and reboiler steam and the CO2 concentration in the flue gas. The process data were used to update probability distributions of mass transfer and interfacial area parameters of a stochastic process model developed by the CCSI2 team. Two iterations of the SDoE process were executed, resulting in the uncertainty in model predicted CO2 capture percentage decreasing by an average of 58.0 ± 4.7% over the full input space of interest. This work demonstrates the potential of the SDoE process for model refinement through reduction in process model parametric uncertainty, and ultimately risk in scale-up, in CO2 capture technology performance.

carbon capture↗

Novel Algae Technology for CO2 Utilization

The United States, the world’s largest energy user and second largest CO2 emitter, is heavily dependent on fossil energy. In 2014, U.S. coal burning utilities emitted ~1562 million (MM) tons/year (TPY) of CO2 into the atmosphere, accounting for 76% of the total US power sector emissions1. Hence, reducing the CO2 emission footprint from coal plants is widely viewed as a key element in mitigating global warming. Despite significant interest, implementation of CO2 capture technologies has been constrained by the high capture cost which significantly increases the total cost of electricity. Not only is capturing CO2 with traditional technologies expensive, but generally the CO2 has little value and additional expense must be incurred for sequestration. This project funded by a SBIR grant from the U.S. D.O.E. to Helios-NRG in collaboration with the State University of New York at Buffalo (UB) and Membrane Technology and Research Inc. (MTR) aimed to develop a novel, algae based technology to capture CO2 from the effluent of coal-based power plants and convert it to renewable bio-fuels and higher value co-products such as animal feed and nutraceuticals with the potential to enable a substantial reduction in the net cost of carbon capture. The Phase 2 project was aimed at further demonstrating the technical feasibility of the proposed multi-stage continuous (MSC) flow CO2 capture system and the generation of high-value co-products to offset the CO2 capture cost. The project was completed and the project objectives were met and exceeded. A first-of-a-kind integrated, laboratory scale MSC process unit was fabricated and tested in a greenhouse. The tests were conducted with the preferred algae species identified in Phase I and simulated flue gas containing contaminants at levels typically present in the post flue gas desulfurization (FGD) stream, including ~12% CO2, acid gas (SOX, NOX), and a large number of heavy metals. The tests were successful and demonstrated a 25g/m2/day seasonal average algae productivity and an 80% CO2 capture efficiency. Two new algae species were identified for high-value nutraceutical production. Studies to improve growth rate and nutraceutical content of these algae species were performed and a pathway for further improvements was identified. A new dewatering technology called DeAqua was further advanced. Significant improvement in the performance index was achieved. The anti-fouling membrane was developed and fabricated into a module. The fabricated membrane module was tested with algae slurry and demonstrated improved fouling resistant properties, that can potentially reduce the cost and energy of the critical dewatering step. Test data were used to simulate operation of the overall process. The preliminary economic analysis was updated and modelled based on a 5000-acre algae farm. To the extent possible, the financial and operating assumptions used were the same as those used in the DOE’s 2022 projections for algae technology for CO2 capture and utilization. The results showed the proposed technology’s potential to significantly reduce the cost of CO2 capture compared to current options and that the high value products generated from the CO2 captured can make a step change in the cost of carbon capture. Plans to advance the technology to Phase 2B were developed and potential end-user partners were identified.

Maloney, James↗

Porous Ti-MOF-74 Framework as a Strong-Binding Nitric Oxide Scavenger

Combining synthesis, infrared spectroscopy, and ab initio modeling we show that the titanium-based porous framework Ti-MOF-74 has potential as an environmental nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, exhibiting an extraordinarily strong binding affinity and selectivity over other flue-gas components. The robustness upon exposure to water vapor and high flue-gas stack temperatures suggests that this material can perform well in an industrial environment. In-depth analysis of the Ti-NO bond indicates that the NO forms a strong covalent bond with the Ti. The process of this NO bond formation involves a reaction with the OH- capping groups of the Ti to form NO x groups, after which the excess NO binds to the open Ti metal sites. Ti-MOF-74 thus becomes, to the best of our knowledge, the first known porous framework that binds NO significantly stronger than water, providing novel avenues for environmental and physiological scavenging applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Effects of Radiative Emission and Absorption on the Propagation and Extinction of Premixed Gas Flames

Premixed gas flames in mixtures of CH4, O2, N2, and CO2 were studied numerically using detailed chemical and radiative emission-absorption models to establish the conditions for which radiatively induced extinction limits may exist independent of the system dimensions. It was found that reabsorption of emitted radiation led to substantially higher burning velocities and wider extinction limits than calculations using optically thin radiation models, particularly when CO2, a strong absorber, is present in the unburned gas, Two heat loss mechanisms that lead to flammability limits even with reabsorption were identified. One is that for dry hydrocarbon-air mixtures, because of the differences in the absorption spectra of H2O and CO2, most of the radiation from product H2O that is emitted in the upstream direction cannot be absorbed by the reactants. The second is that the emission spectrum Of CO2 is broader at flame temperatures than ambient temperature: thus, some radiation emitted near the flame front cannot be absorbed by the reactants even when they are seeded with CO2 Via both mechanisms, some net upstream heat loss due to radiation will always occur, leading to extinction of sufficiently weak mixtures. Downstream loss has practically no influence. Comparison with experiment demonstrates the importance of reabsorption in CO2 diluted mixtures. It is concluded that fundamental flammability limits can exist due to radiative heat loss, but these limits are strongly dependent on the emission-absorption spectra of the reactant and product -gases and their temperature dependence and cannot be predicted using gray-gas or optically thin model parameters. Applications to practical flames at high pressure, in large combustion chambers, and with exhaust-gas or flue-gas recirculation are discussed.

Ju, Yiguang↗

Polyamine phosphorus dendrimer materials for carbon dioxide capture

The present disclosure provides novel solid sorbents synthesized by the reaction of polyamines with polyaldehyde phosphorous dendrimer (P-dendrimer) compounds. The sorbents are highly stable and exhibit rapid reaction kinetics with carbon dioxide, making the sorbents applicable for carbon capture, and can be easily regenerated for further use. The material is stable to aqueous and organic media, as well as strong acid and bases. The sorbent maintains full capacity over extended use. The material can be used for CO2 capture from pure CO2 streams, mixed gas streams, simulated flue gas, and ambient air. Additionally, the material can be adhered to surfaces for reversible CO2 capture applications outside of bulk particle-based processes.

Thompson, III, Samuel John↗

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) conversion into C 2 products through a CO 2 /O 2 co-transport membrane reactor

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), which transforms CH 4 into C 2 products (C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 ) with molecular O 2 as the oxidant, is one of the most studied direct methane conversions (DMCs). However, a major technical hurdle to the OCM process is to achieve high CH 4 conversion at high C 2 (C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 4 ) selectivity. One rudimentary cause for this “tradeoff” behavior is the high chemical reactivity of the products (C 2 H 6 or C 2 H 4 ), which can be re-oxidized by O 2 . To overcome this thermodynamic challenge, minimizing the oxidizing power of the oxidant and lowering the local oxygen partial pressure are keys. Here, In this work, we demonstrate a new membrane reactor that capture CO 2 /O 2 from a flue gas and uses it for OCM conversion. The results show that the co-captured CO 2 /O 2 mixture converts CH 4 into C 2 H 6 in the presence of a 2%Mn–5%Na 2 WO 4 /SiO 2 catalyst, followed by thermal cracking of C 2 H 6 into C 2 H 4 and H 2 . The presence of CO 2 decreases the local partial pressure of O 2 , thus reducing the propensity of C 2 -products re-oxidation and leading to a higher C 2 selectivity. We show that a small button-type membrane reactor can achieve 12% C 2 yield with ~57% C 2 -selectivity using a diluted CH 4 -Ar mixture as the feedstock. We expect higher C 2 yield with tubular plug-flow membrane reactors in the future. We also highlight the unique advantage of the membrane reactor in intensifying CO 2 capture from both flue gas and OCM purification process into one single step.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Optimization of energy requirements for CO 2 post-combustion capture process through advanced thermal integration

The energy optimization modeling work described here was performed to determine efficiency improvements that could be achieved for existing coal-fired power plants to retrofit a partial CO 2 capture from the post-combustion flue gas for carbon sequestration through thermal integration. The work presented includes optimization of the mono-ethanol amine (MEA)-based post-combustion CO 2 capture to reduce energy requirements that could be achieved at existing power plants by thermal integration of the steam turbine cycle, boiler, CO 2 compression train and post-combustion CO 2 capture process to offset efficiency and capacity losses that would be incurred by retrofit or implementation of post-combustion CO 2 capture. Furthermore, partial CO 2 capture, involving treatment of less than 100% of the flue gas leaving the plant and modular design of the CO 2 scrubbing system, was also investigated. Thermal integration of the steam turbine cycle with boiler and CO 2 compression train improved cycle and plant performance and offset, in part, the negative effects of post-combustion CO 2 capture. The best-analyzed integration options improved gross power output by 5% and net unit efficiency by 1.57%, relative to the conventional MEA process. Operating with 40% CO 2 capture increased gross power output by 11.6–14% (depending on the MEA thermal integration option), relative to the conventional MEA integration and 90% CO 2 capture. The improvement in net unit performance is larger compared to the improvement in turbine cycle performance because of the CO 2 compression work, which is also reduced by partial CO 2 capture.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Negative Charge Confined Amine Carriers within the Nanowire Network for Stable and Efficient Membrane Carbon Capture

Membrane-based carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture has attracted great research interest owing to its potential for higher separation efficiency and lower energy consumption. However, it is still a challenging task to capture CO 2 with membrane from flue gas, especially under moderate-temperature and high-humidity conditions. Here, a stable CO 2 -selective membrane that can operate at temperatures up to 90 °C and under high humidity is reported. The positively charged amine carriers for CO 2 are confined within the negatively charged polymer modified carbon nanotube (CNT) network. In this structure, interconnected CNTs act as the framework for the selective layer and provide numerous nanochannels for gas transport. The negatively charged polymer ensures the carrier stability and further regulates the size of nanochannels in the CNT network. By virtue of carrier-facilitated transport, high CO 2 permeance (up to 3300 gas permeation units) and high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (400) are achieved under simulated flue gas conditions. Moreover, theoretical calculations verify that the stable separation performance is due to the strong electrostatic interaction between the amine carriers and polymer matrix. The high performance and good stability indicate the great potential of this novel membrane structure for practical application in CO 2 capture.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Front-End Engineering Design Study for Retrofit Post-Combustion Carbon Capture on a Natural Gas Combined Cycle Power Plant

The objective of the project is to conduct a Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) study to determine the technical and economic feasibility of installing a retrofit, post-combustion, carbon capture facility on a commercially operating, natural gas-fired, combined cycle (NGCC) power plant. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), California Resources Corporation (CRC), and Fluor Corporation used Fluor's Econamine FG Plus SM (EFG+) conducted the FEED study for capturing CO 2 produced by CRC's 550 MWe Elk Hills Power Plant (EHPP), located in the Elk Hills Oil Field near Tupman, Kern County, California. The EHPP was commissioned in 2003 and is powered by two General Electric 7FA gas turbines, with two heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) providing steam to a General Electric D11 steam turbine. The target capture amount is 4,000 tonnes CO 2 /day for use in either enhanced oil recovery or dedicated geological saline storage located on CRC property at or nearby EHPP. This CO 2 is captured from a combination of the CO 2 emitted from the flue gas from EHPP and the flue gas generated from a natural gas-fired auxiliary boiler that supplies steam to the EFG+ process.

03 NATURAL GAS↗

Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ Technoeconomic Analysis

The Cryogenic Carbon Capture™ (CCC) process significantly decreases cost and energy demands for CO 2 separation and pressurization to 150 bar compared to alternatives. The process is a post-combustion technology that cools CO 2 -laden flue gas to desublimation temperatures (-100 to -135 °C), separates solid CO 2 —that forms from the flue gas—from the light gases, uses the cold products to cool incoming gases in a recuperative heat exchanger, compresses the solid/liquid CO 2 to final pressures (100–200 bar), and delivers a compressed CO 2 stream separated from an atmospheric pressure light-gas stream. The overall energy and economic costs are about 30-50% lower than most competing processes that involve air separation units (ASUs), solvents, or similar technologies. In addition, the CCC process enjoys several ancillary benefits, including (a) it is a minimally invasive Bolton technology, (b) it provides highly efficient removal of most pollutants (Hg, SOx, NO 2 , HCl, etc.), and (c) possible energy storage capacity. This report outlines the process details and economic and energy comparisons relative to other well-documented alternatives. This paper presents the results of a detailed techno-economic comparison of CCC with amine-based systems. The comparison uses identical financial and economic assumptions similar process assumptions as the detailed analyses published by US DOE in the greenfield analysis. Specifically, the comparison assumes power plants that produce the same net output, one equipped with and a second without carbon capture. Separately, the paper compares similar analyses for retrofitting existing systems using typical plant characteristics in the US (initial capital costs have been paid, high plant utilization), though there are no DOE estimates available for direct comparison. Financial and technical assumptions for all comparisons are maintained as close to the DOE reference studies as possible. The results demonstrate about 30-50% lower costs and energy demands for capture from greenfield coal plants. Natural gas plants produce substantially lower CO 2 concentrations which makes the cost of capturing a ton of CO 2 at the same capture rate as the coal plant higher for all processes while the cost of CO 2 capture per unit of power generation is lower. However, CCC maintains about the same absolute energy and cost advantages for NG as for coal compared to amine systems. Finally, the costs of retrofitting a station are compared to those of building a new station with and without capture. The retrofit costs are comparable to (slightly lower than) new plant costs without capture. In all cases operating and capital cost comparisons show that the CCC process can be retrofitted to a variety of plants to cost effectively reduce CO 2 emissions. Further process integration into the upstream processes and unique process features like water recovery, and integrated energy storage bring the effective cost of carbon capture using the CCC process down further and increase its advantages over alternatives. This technoeconomic analysis shows that the CCC process has the potential to the be lowest cost carbon capture technology under development today.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Bench-Scale Development of a Hybrid Membrane-Absorption CO 2 Capture Process

This final technical report describes work conducted for the Department of Energy (DOE) on the development of a bench-scale hybrid membrane-absorption carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture system for coal-fired power plant applications (Cooperative Agreement number DE-FE0013118). The work was conducted by Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) with major support from the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) from April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2018. The overall goal of this project was to evaluate two variations of a hybrid membrane-absorption capture system combining the MTR air-swept Polaris TM membrane technology, which enriches flue gas to ~20% CO 2 , with UT Austin’s absorption-based advanced flash stripper (AFS) using piperazine (PZ), to determine the superior hybrid variant and to assess the potential of hybrid capture systems to achieve a lower cost-of-capture, compared to NETL’s reference amine-based capture plant. This project included the evaluation, development and testing of a hybrid membrane-absorption CO 2 capture system for coal-fired power plant applications using the MTR high-gas-flow, lowpressure- drop membrane contactor. The ability of the membrane contactor to enrich coal-fired flue gas from its normal content of ~13% CO 2 into a smaller volume of gas containing 20-25% CO 2 – with minimal energy input – could reduce the cost of the final concentration process, regardless of whether it is absorption, adsorption, cryogenic, or membrane-based. In this project, we are evaluating the feasibility of a hybrid system combining the MTR sweep membrane technology with the UT Austin piperazine-based advanced flash stripper (PZAS) capture system.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

Bench scale development of a hybrid membrane-absorption CO 2 capture process (Final Report)

This final technical report describes work conducted for the Department of Energy (DOE) on the development of a bench-scale hybrid membrane-absorption carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture system for coal-fired power plant applications (Cooperative Agreement number DE-FE0013118). The work was conducted by Membrane Technology and Research, Inc. (MTR) with major support from the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) from April 1, 2013 through September 30, 2018. The overall goal of this project was to evaluate two variations of a hybrid membrane-absorption capture system combining the MTR air-swept PolarisTM membrane technology, which enriches flue gas to ~20% CO 2 , with UT Austin’s absorption-based advanced flash stripper (AFS) using piperazine (PZ), to determine the superior hybrid variant and to assess the potential of hybrid capture systems to achieve a lower cost-of-capture, compared to NETL’s reference amine-based capture plant. This project included the evaluation, development and testing of a hybrid membrane-absorption CO 2 capture system for coal-fired power plant applications using the MTR high-gas-flow, low-pressure-drop membrane contactor. The ability of the membrane contactor to enrich coal-fired flue gas from its normal content of ~13% CO 2 into a smaller volume of gas containing 20-25% CO 2 – with minimal energy input – could reduce the cost of the final concentration process, regardless of whether it is absorption, adsorption, cryogenic, or membrane-based. In this project, we are evaluating the feasibility of a hybrid system combining the MTR sweep membrane technology with the UT Austin piperazine-based advanced flash stripper (PZAS) capture system.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Method and apparatus for capturing carbon dioxide during combustion of carbon containing fuel

A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Cost of Capturing CO 2 from Industrial Sources

This systems analysis by the National Energy Technology Laboratory's Strategic Systems Analysis and Engineering directorate) evaluates the cost and performance impacts of capturing CO 2 emissions from nine industrial sources (ammonia, ethylene oxide, and ethanol production, natural gas process, coal- and gas-to-liquids, refinery hydrogen production, iron and steel, and cement manufacturing). The industrial sectors examined are segregated according to the CO 2 purity level of the flue gas stream, prior to treatment. Certain sectors naturally produce a gas stream that is inherently high in CO 2 purity, and these sectors can achieve 99-100% removal. Other sectors produce a lower purity CO 2 flue gas stream and achieving 90-99% removal requires deeper levels of treatment, adding cost. In addition to the report that documents the analysis, a Carbon Capture Retrofit Database tool was also created that allows users to apply CO 2 capture to selected industries, to evaluate the cost of capture and compare across multiple plants, as well as across different industries. Users have the ability to change select input parameters (such as fuel price, capture rate, and financing assumptions) to evaluate the impact on industrial CO 2 capture economics.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Study the thermal radiation effects in gas-solid flows with gray and non-gray P1 models implemented in MFiX

Thermal radiation is a dominant mode of heat transfer in combustion/gasification, packed/circulating bed reactors, and energy storage/conversion devices. In hydrocarbon fuel combustion, the high absorption and emission of product gases like CO 2 and H 2 O significantly affect the heat transfer characteristics. It is essential to understand the radiative energy propagation in such applications. In the present study, we developed a framework to implement the P-1 radiation model in MFiX for Eulerian-Eulerian (Two fluid-TFM) and Eulerian-Lagrangian (Discrete element-DEM and Particle in cell-PIC) models. The P-1 is a simplification of the spherical harmonics method. The framework has been verified on various flue gas conditions. The verified solver results are validated against the benchmark results available in the literature. The verified and validated gray and non-gray weighted sum of gray gas models is evaluated for dry and wet flue gas conditions. Further, they are also used to study gas-solid flows in a fluidized bed/riser.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Carbon Capture from ArcelorMittal Hot Briquetted Iron Plant Using Air Liquide Cryocap™ FG Technology – FEED Study

The process of steel production is energy and carbon intensive with global average energy consumption of 5.5 MWh/tonne of steel and CO2 emission intensity of 1.83 tonne CO2/tonne of steel. The steel making process has inherent CO2 emissions from mineral conversion and is considered major contributors to the global carbon emissions. The steel industry is responsible for 8% of global carbon emissions. The main objective of this research project is to execute and complete a front-end engineering and design (FEED) study for a commercial-scale, carbon capture project that separates 95% of the total CO2 emissions at the ArcelorMittal’s Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) plant in Portland, TX (Figure 1). The HBI is an ore-based metallic that is used as high-grade feedstock for high-quality steel via an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) route. The HBI plant produces 2.0 million metric tonnes of high-quality HBI and emits approximately 1 million tonnes CO2/yr. The capture system is a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) system assisted Cryocap™ FG technology (Figure 2). The captured CO2 will be pipeline grade and will be geologically stored in a facility within 10 miles of the CO2 source. The Host Site location in Corpus Christi, TX, is near hydrocarbon processing facilities and near Environmental Justice (EJ) and Qualified Opportunity Zone (QOZ) communities. Due to the location of the Host Site, the retrofit project offers the ability to demonstrate how a workforce focused on the fossil energy sector can be redirected to the clean- energy sector. The Air Liquide Cryocap™ capture technology is a proven technology and has been extensively examined for large industrial applications. It has been shown to be applicable to a variety of industrial applications including the steel industry. Cryocap™ FG (specific setup for Flue Gas application) consists of a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit coupled with a Cryogenic System. The PSA pre-concentrates the CO2 from the flue gas, while the cryogenic unit enables the CO2 purity to be increased to the desired level. The scope of this study incorporates completing FEED study of the CO2 capture system which includes point-source CO2 capture and balance-of-plant; Business Case Analysis (BCA) outlining the current and projected volumes of the steel plant’s point sources of CO2 and the potential utilization of tax credits, including its projected revenue and duration; Life Cycle Analysis (LCA); Environmental Justice Analysis; Economic Revitalization and Job Creation Outcomes Analysis; and Workforce Readiness Plan. The plant design work was divided into two components: Inside Battery Limits (ISBL) and Outside Battery Limits (OSBL). The ISBL focuses on the capture system, while the OSBL focuses on the utility feeds and ducting from the plant to the capture system. Various design and engineering deliverables will be developed to define commodity quantities, equipment specifications, and labour effort required to execute the project. These FEED study deliverables will be prepared with the intent to develop an overall project capital cost estimate consistent with an AACE Class 3 estimate. The modular approach for the Cryocap™ FG that is being designed for this study integrates compression, PSA, and cryogenic “bricks” to achieve the desired CO2 capture rates. This carbon capture system integrates easily with the existing plant, thus reducing project costs and risks. It is also capable of managing impurities such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), mercury, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter. The capture system has a smaller footprint than amine-based systems. The two-step process uses PSA to preconcentrate the CO2 in the feedstream and then uses the cryogenic portion to purify and compress the resulting high purity CO2 product. This combination of purification and compression (i.e., process intensification) significantly reduces the CAPEX associated with use of a separate compressor commonly utilized for amine solvent-based systems. Successful completion of the FEED study will provide DOE with a detailed understanding of the costs for scaling up this proven capture technology for commercial applications at industrial facilities.

42 ENGINEERING↗

A Novel Molten Salt System for CO 2 Based Oxidative Dehydrogenation with Integrated Carbon Capture (Final Technical Report)

The objective of this project was to develop a comprehensive proof-of-concept for sustainable and cost-effective production of propionic acid and value-added olefins from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in power plant flue gas and domestic shale gas resources. This was realized via a molten-salt-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation (MM-ODH) process that performs CO 2 capture (from power plant flue gas) and CO 2- assisted alkane oxidative dehydrogenation in a two-step, thermochemical scheme. The resulting carbon monoxide (CO) and light olefin (e.g., ethylene from ethane ODH) can be subsequently converted into propionic acid via the industrially proven hydrocarboxylation process.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗

Emission control system

Methods and apparatus utilizing hydrogen peroxide are useful to reduce NOx, SOx and mercury (or other heavy metal) emissions from combustion flue gas streams. Continuous concentration of hydrogen peroxide to levels approaching or exceeding propellant-grade hydrogen peroxide facilitates increased system efficiency. In this manner, combustion flue gas streams can be treated for the removal of NOx, SOx and heavy metals, while isolating useful by-products streams of sulfuric acid and nitric acid as well as solids for the recovery of the heavy metals.

Parrish, Clyde F.↗