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At least 145 records · Page 8
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Design of B2PF: A Large Aperture Nb-Ti Dipole Magnet for the Electron-Ion Collider

Here, we present the initial design of the matching dipole B2PF, a large aperture cosine-theta magnet for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). First we share an optimized 2D magnet cross-section based on a double-layer design with Nb-Ti Rutherford cable. This cross-section is optimized to meet the required field quality in the 120 mm coil aperture both at the nominal operating current and considering iron saturation effects during the ramp. Next, we share a first design of the 3D coil ends optimized for windability, field quality, and minimizing the conductor peak field. Based on the resulting peak field, we evaluate the short-sample margin of the design for an operating target of 6.3 T dipole field at 1.9 K. Finally, we share an initial mechanical design study which utilizes a key-and-bladder support structure capable of adjusting magnet preload.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Studies of the Imperfection in Crab Crossing Scheme for Electron-Ion Collider

Crab crossing scheme is the essential scheme that accommodates large crossing angle without loss of luminosity in the design of Electron-Ion collider (EIC). The ideal optics and phase advances of the crab cavity pair are set to create a local crabbing bump in the interaction region (IR). However, there are always small errors in the actual lattice of IR. In this article, we will present the simulation and analytical studies on the imperfections in the crab crossing scheme in the EIC design. The tolerance of the imperfection and the possible remedies can be concluded from these studies.

Hao, Y.↗
DOE OSTI2022

Experimental overview about LANL contributions to the Electron-Ion Collider

This report is a request from the LANL team to design and build the Forward Silicon Tracker (FST) for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The report highlights past accomplishments of LANL and seeks DOE support for continued work for the EIC, including silicon detector R&D; silicon tracker construction and operation; heavy flavor physics development and data analysis.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Dihadron azimuthal asymmetry and light-quark dipole moments at the Electron-Ion Collider

Here, we propose a novel method to probe light-quark dipole moments by examining the azimuthal asymmetries between a collinear pair of hadrons in semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton scattering off an unpolarized proton target at the Electron-Ion Collider. These asymmetries provide a means to observe transversely polarized quarks, which arise exclusively from the interference between the dipole and the Standard Model interactions, thereby depending linearly on the dipole couplings. We demonstrate that this novel approach can enhance current constraints on light-quark dipole operators by an order of magnitude, free from contamination of other new physics effects. Furthermore, it allows for a simultaneous determination of both the real and imaginary parts of the dipole couplings, offering a new avenue for investigating potential CP-violating effects at high energies.

dihadron fragmentation↗
DOE OSTI2025

Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) Injection Transport Beamline (Y-Line Ext.) Lattice Design and Magnet Parameters

The preliminary design of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) Normal Conducting Injection Beamline ( Y-Line Ext. ) lattice is discussed. The preliminary design includes the periodic cells, matching sections, state of the art Twiss parameters at the HSR injection, the magnet parameters and first order instrumentation placement. Furthermore, the beamline parameters, element coordinates, and other information are discussed. The names of the HSR Injection Beamline elements used in this technical report ( i.e. HD1, HQ1 ) are preliminary and not the official site wide names.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Spatial imaging of polarized deuterons at the Electron-Ion Collider

We study diffractive vector meson production at small-x in the collision of electrons and polarized deuterons e + d $\uparrow$ . We consider the polarization dependence of the nuclear wave function of the deuteron, which results in an azimuthal angular dependence of the produced vector meson when the deuteron is transversely polarized. The Fourier coefficients extracted from the azimuthal angular dependence of the vector meson differential cross-section exhibit notable differences between longitudinally and transversely polarized deuterons. The angular dependence of the extracted effective deuteron radius provides direct insight into the structure of the polarized deuteron wave function. Furthermore, we observe slightly increased gluon saturation effects when the deuteron is longitudinally polarized compared to the transversely polarized case. The small-x observables studied in this work will be accessible at the future Electron-Ion Collider.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

A few-degree calorimeter for the future electron-ion collider

In this study, measuring the region 0.1 < Q 2 < 1.0 GeV 2 is essential to support searches for gluon saturation at the future Electron-Ion Collider. Recent studies have revealed that covering this region at the highest beam energies is not feasible with current detector designs, resulting in the so-called Q 2 gap. In this work, we present a design for the Few-Degree Calorimeter (FDC), which addresses this issue. The FDC uses SiPM-on-tile technology with tungsten absorber and covers the range of -4.6 < η < -3.6. It offers fine transverse and longitudinal granularity, along with excellent time resolution, enabling standalone electron tagging. Our design represents the first concrete solution to bridge the Q 2 gap at the EIC.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2022

Electron Cloud Simulations for the Electron-Ion Collider in Brookhaven National Laboratory

For high-intensity circular accelerators and storage rings, if the secondary electron emission yield (SEY) of the vacuum chamber surfaces is high, an EC (Electron Cloud) could build up with the passage of the circulating beam. The presence of EC can strongly affect the beam quality, such as transverse instabilities, transverse emittance growth, and beam loss. Furthermore, the heat load from EC can exceed the available cryogenic capability. For the RHIC superconducting (SC) arc magnets, to be used for the hadron storage ring of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), the dynamic heat load budget is 0.5 W/m to the 4.5 K stainless steel beam pipe. This can limit the maximum beam bunches or intensity of the EIC, hence diminishing the luminosity provided by the EIC. The EC has affected the beam instability and significantly contributed to cryogenic heat load in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Positron storage rings for which ECs have been a critical factor in the design and performance include KEKB in Japan and EC buildup remains one of the concerns for future high-intensity accelerators design. EC considerations have driven the SuperKEKB collider design and the positron damping ring for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC). The LHC luminosity upgrade is contingent on reducing the bunch spacing to 25 ns; at this bunch spacing, severe EC buildup has been observed. The success of the upgrade is likely contingent on limiting EC buildup. To study the EC heat load, we did some EC simulations with PyECLOUD code for the dipole, quadrupole, sextupole magnets, and the warm (drift) section of the EIC hadron storage ring. PyECLOUD is an EC simulation code developed by CERN. The code has been validated and used to study EC in the LHC, SPS, and PS. To eliminate EC buildup, the sources of electrons must be minimized. First, we will reduce the production of electrons due to residual gas ionization by specifying the maximum gas density, which requires a vacuum chamber with low electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) yields and a sufficient (preferably distributed) pumping speed. Second, we should reduce the secondary electrons with a lower secondary electron yield (SEY) material.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Eliminating beam-induced depolarizing effects in the hydrogen jet target for high-precision proton beam polarimetry at the electron-ion collider

We analyze beam-induced depolarizing effects in the hydrogen jet target (HJET) at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), which has been used for absolute hadron beam polarimetry and shall be employed at the electron-ion collider (EIC). The EIC’s higher bunch repetition frequencies and shorter bunch durations shift beam harmonics to frequencies that can resonantly drive hyperfine transitions in hydrogen, threatening to depolarize the target atoms. Using frequency-domain analysis of beam harmonics and hyperfine transition frequencies, we establish a photon emission threshold above which beam-induced fields are too weak to cause significant depolarization. For EIC injection (23.5 GeV) and flattop (275 GeV), beam-induced depolarization through the bunch structure renders operation at the current RHIC magnetic guide field at the target (𝐵 0 =120⁢ mT) untenable. Increasing the magnetic guide field at the target to 𝐵 0 ≈ 400⁢ mT moves all hyperfine transition frequencies to at least 3 times the cutoff frequency, ensuring reliable absolute beam polarimetry with the required 1% precision at the EIC.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2023

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE 197 MHz CRAB CAVITY FOR THE ELECTRON-ION COLLIDER AT JLAB

Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) is currently developing a prototype 197MHz Radio-Frequency Dipole (RFD) crab cavity as part of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Cryomodules containing these cavities will be part of the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the EIC. The prototype cavity is constructed primarily of formed niobium sheets of thickness 4.17mm, with machined niobium parts used as interfaces where tight tolerancing is required. The cavity?s large size and complex features present sever-al challenges in fabrication, tuning, and RF testing. Structural and forming analyses have been carried out to optimize the design and fabrication processes. An overview of the design phase and the current state of fabrication are presented in this paper.

Huque, Naeem↗
DOE OSTI2025

Beam optics ramping in underconstrained lattice design: Application to Electron-Ion Collider hadron storage ring cooling section

This paper presents the lattice design and optics ramping strategy for the cooling section of the hadron storage ring at the electron-ion collider. The main challenge is that available tuning knobs exceed beam-optics constraints. Independently optimized injection and top-energy optics often yield disconnected solutions, making interpolation impossible. To address this, we propose two new methods. The first is an intermediate-penalty scheme that ensures ramping path continuity by penalizing constraint violations at intermediate states. The second is a continuation-based approach that adapts high-energy optics to low energy, guided by an adaptive weighting scheme to balance injection and ramping constraints. The solutions meet all beam dynamics and hardware limits. The two methods offer a general strategy for ramping in systems where the solution space is under-constrained and the starting and target configurations are far apart.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Flavor-violating ALPs, electron g − 2 , and the Electron-Ion Collider

We revisit the possibility that light axionlike particles (ALPs) with lepton-flavor-violating couplings could give significant contributions to the electron’s anomalous magnetic moment g e − 2 . Unlike flavor diagonal lepton-ALP couplings, which are exclusively axial, lepton-flavor-violating couplings can have arbitrary chirality. Focusing on the e − τ ALP coupling, we find that the size of the contribution to g e − 2 depends strongly on the chirality of the coupling. A significant part of the parameter space for which such a coupling can explain experimental anomalies in g e − 2 can be probed at the Electron-Ion Collider, which is uniquely sensitive to the chirality of the coupling using the polarization of the electron beam. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Jet angularities in photoproduction at the Electron-Ion Collider

We consider the one-parameter family of jet substructure observables known as angularities using the specific case of inclusive jets arising from photoproduction events at an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We perform numerical calculations at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy within perturbative QCD and compare our results to PYTHIA 6 predictions. Overall, we find good agreement and conclude that jet substructure observables are feasible at the EIC despite the relatively low jet transverse momentum and particle multiplicities. We investigate the size of subleading power corrections relevant at low energies within the Monte Carlo setup. In order to establish the validity of the Monte Carlo tune, we also perform comparisons to jet shape data at HERA. We further discuss detector requirements necessary for angularity measurements at an EIC, focusing on hadron calorimeter energy and spatial resolutions. Possible applications of precision jet substructure measurements at the EIC include the tuning of Monte Carlo event generators, the extraction of nonperturbative parameters and studies of cold nuclear matter effects.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Thermal Analysis and Simulations of the Abort Kicker Magnets Systems for the Electron-Ion Collider

The Abort Kicker Magnets system used in the current Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to steer the circulating beam into the dump will be subjected to higher heat loads in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). After analyzing the existing abort kicker magnets and running thermal simulations in ANSYS it was concluded that they may not be suitable for use as-is in the future EIC due to heat and impedance concerns in the magnets. Possible solutions include adding a round titanium-coated ceramic beam tube to help solve the heat and impedance concerns, but this will reduce the limiting aperture of the kicker magnet. Another possible solution to meet all the performance requirements for EIC would be to add titanium-coated ceramic plates with water-cooling and tapered transitions that significantly improve the impedance and lower the heat in the magnets with less reduction to the aperture.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

The importance of kinematic twists and genuine saturation effects in dijet production at the Electron-Ion Collider

We compute the differential yield for quark anti-quark dijet production in high-energy electron-proton and electron-nucleus collisions at small x as a function of the relative momentum P ⊥ and momentum imbalance k ⊥ of the dijet system for different photon virtualities Q 2 , and study the elliptic and quadrangular anisotropies in the relative angle between P ⊥ and k ⊥ . We review and extend the analysis in [1], which compared the results of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) with those obtained using the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) framework. In particular, we include in our comparison the improved TMD (ITMD) framework, which resums kinematic power corrections of the ratio k ⊥ over the hard scale Q ⊥ . By comparing ITMD and CGC results we are able to isolate genuine higher saturation contributions in the ratio Q s /Q ⊥ which are resummed only in the CGC. These saturation contributions are in addition to those in the Weizsäcker-Williams gluon TMD that appear in powers of Q s /k ⊥ . We provide numerical estimates of these contributions for inclusive dijet production at the future Electron-Ion Collider, and identify kinematic windows where they can become relevant in the measurement of dijet and dihadron azimuthal correlations. We argue that such measurements will allow the detailed experimental study of both kinematic power corrections and genuine gluon saturation effects.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Construction of a Cosmic Ray Telescope for the hpDIRC Radiators at the Electron Ion Collider

Nuclear physics pertains to the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the nuclei of atoms, accounting for almost all of the visible matter in the universe. The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will play a crucial role in discovering new laws of Nuclear physics. A pivotal aspect of the EIC is exceptional particle identification (PID). Identifying charged hadrons in their final state can be done with special types of Cherenkov Detectors. One type of detector utilizes the Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov radiation (DIRC) phenomena. Able to provide precise PID separation up to relatively high momenta, DIRC radiators, made of synthetic fused silica, produce Cherenkov radiation when hit by high energy electromagnetically charged particles. In this thesis we present details of the construction of a cosmic ray telescope (CRT) to utilize high energy muons from cosmic rays to test DIRC radiators. These types of radiators will be used for the high-performance DIRC (hpDIRC) to be used in the ePIC detector in the future EIC. We go into detail on the DIRC process and the individual pieces of hardware required to make the CRT. Lots of labor was used for certain parts of the CRT, specifically the construction of a dark box for the DIRC radiators. The CRT construction and implementation of all of its components are planned to be completed before 2025.

Shankman, Nathan↗
DOE OSTI2024

Probing the Quark Orbital Angular Momentum at Electron-Ion Colliders Using Exclusive π 0 Production

We propose to detect signals from quark orbital angular momentum (OAM) through exclusive π 0 production in electron- (longitudinally polarized) proton collisions. Our analysis demonstrates that the sin 2 ϕ azimuthal angular correlation between the transverse momentum of the scattered electron and the recoil proton serves as a sensitive probe of quark OAM. Additionally, we present a numerical estimate of the asymmetry associated with this correlation for the kinematics accessible at the Electron-Ion Colliders in the U.S. and China. This study aims to pave the way for the first experimental study of quark OAM in relation to the Jaffe-Manohar spin sum rule. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Evaluation of the response to electrons and pions in the scintillating fiber and lead calorimeter for the future electron-ion collider

The performance of the Baby Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter (Baby BCAL) — a small-scale lead-scintillating-fiber (Pb/ScFi) prototype of the GlueX Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter (BCAL) — was tested in a dedicated beam campaign at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF). This study provides a benchmark for the Pb/ScFi component of the future Barrel Imaging Calorimeter (BIC) in the ePIC detector at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The detector response to electrons and pions was studied at beam energies between 4 and 10 GeV, extending previous GlueX tests to a higher energy regime. The calibrated detector exhibits good linearity within uncertainties, and its electron energy resolution meets EIC requirements. The data further constrain the constant term in the energy resolution to below 1.9%, improving upon previous constraints at lower energies. Simulations reproduce key features of the electron and pion data within the limitations of the collected dataset and the FTBF test environment. Electron-pion separation in the test beam setup was analyzed using multiple methods, incorporating varying degrees of beam-related effects. The inclusion of longitudinal shower profile information enhanced the separation performance, underscoring its relevance for the full-scale BIC in ePIC. These results provide essential benchmarks for the Pb/ScFi section of the future BIC, validating detector simulations and guiding optimization strategies for electron-pion discrimination.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗